The Time Traveller’s Guide to Restoration Britain
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Manchester, 42, 45, 227, 368, 375
Mandeville, Lord, 374–5
manners, 164–6, 265–6
manors, 34–8
manslaughter, 337, 338, 344
maps see atlases and maps
Mardon, Thomas and Anne, 71
mariners, 55, 74–5, 132–3
Market Harborough, 239
markets, 18–19, 176–7, 182–3
Marlowe, Christopher, 393–4
marriage, 56–7, 80–1, 86–91, 175, 333–4, 344; bigamy, 323–4; marital rape, 324; smock weddings, 197–8; see also adultery
Marvell, Andrew, 375, 381–2
Mary (royal yacht), 224
Mary II, queen of Great Britain and Ireland, 81, 85, 110, 290
Mary Henrietta, Princess, 289–90
Mary of Modena, 84
masks, 205–6
Massinger, Philip, 393
mathematics, 138, 406
May, Hugh, 27, 241–2, 245, 247
mead, 277–8
mealtimes, 264–6
measles, 300, 307
measurement, units of, 166–8
Mecca, 133
medicine see doctors; health
Medina, John Baptist, 372
Meigh, William, 255–6
Melford, Lord, 370
mental illness, 309
Mersey river, 227
metheglin, 278
the middle sort, 66–7
militias, 327
Milton, Elizabeth, 384
Milton, John, 1, 154, 376, 381, 382, 384–6
Milton, Mary, 384
Misson, Monsieur: author’s verdict on, 407; on Charles II, 82; on clocks and watches, 153; on dissenters, 103; on the English and violence, 122; on English character, 125; on food, 259, 265; on hackney carriages, 216; on King’s Evil, 96; on leisure activities, 350–1, 355, 359, 360; on London, 19, 161, 422; on manners, 164; on morality, 111; on patches, 205; on poetry, 380; on the Scots, 116; on smoking, 287, 288; on Stonehenge, 366; on witchcraft, 100; on women’s status, 90
Mohun, Michael, 398
Molland, Alice, 98
Mompesson, John, 96
Mompesson, William, 304–5
monarchy, 81–6, 96–7, 379–80
Monck, George see Albemarle, duke of
money, 168–73
Monmouth, 416
Monmouth, James Scott, duke of, 84, 114
Monmouth’s Rebellion (1685), 84, 321–2
Monmouthshire, 414
morals, 3–4, 110–16, 324–6, 329, 342–3
Moretonhampstead, 47–8, 71
Morice, Sir William, 365
Morland, Sir Samuel, 137, 244
Morley, Lord, 122
Morocco, 298
Morpeth, 48
Morris, John, 172
mortality rate, 55, 56
Morton, Charles, 143
Morton, earl of, 122
Mountfort, William, 400
moustaches see beards and moustaches
Much Wenlock, 428
muffs, 193, 205
Mulgrave, Lord, 370
Munslow, Thomas and Alice, 428
murder, 95, 121, 333, 344
museums, 367–9
music, 386–90
Mylne, Robert, 52
napkins, 265
national characteristics, 116, 125
National Debt, 173
navigation, 213–14
Neale, Thomas, 175
neckwear, 189
Nether Fletchamstead Hall, 255–6
Neville, Henry, 378
New Romney, 416
New Zealand, 132
Newark, 416
Newcastle, 41, 342, 430
Newcastle, Henry Cavendish, duke of, 63
Newcourt, Richard, 19
Newmarket, 48, 360
newspapers, 162–3
Newton, Isaac: books by, 93, 135, 136; position at Cambridge University, 142; position at Royal Mint, 171; and quantification, 138; and religion, 135; at Stourbridge Fair, 179
Newton, William, 15
nightclothes, 187, 195–6, 199
nobility see aristocracy
noises, 1, 17, 386–7
nonconformists see dissenters and nonconformists Norfolk, 39, 212
Norris, William, 253
Northampton, 48–9, 219, 303, 312–13
Northamptonshire, 211, 415
Northumberland, duke of, 114
Norway, 95
Norwich, 41, 45, 177, 278, 284
Nottingham, 42, 279, 342
Nottinghamshire, 33, 415
novels, 377–8
nurses, 311–12
Oakley Park, 250
Oates, Titus, 108, 340
Ogilby, John, 213–14
Old Sarum, 41
Oldham, John, 381
omens, 96
opera, 389, 390–1
orchestras, 388
Orkney, 95, 297
Osborne, Dorothy, 92
Ossory, earl of, 122–3
Otway, Thomas, 397, 399–400
overcoats, 190, 202
overseas possessions, 132
oxen, 35, 38
Oxenden, Sir James, 246
Oxford, 42, 219, 284, 368, 373
The Oxford Gazette, 162
Oxford University, 142, 358–9, 365, 375–6
Oxfordshire, 167, 415
panellings, 252
paper, 158
Paris, 29
Parker, James, 339
parks see gardens, parks and grounds
Parliament: relationship with monarchy, 82, 84, 85–6
patches, 204–5
Patshull Park, 245
Patten, Thomas, 227
pattens, 202
Patterson, John, 359
Pearce, David, 339
peat, 256
Peck, James, 238
Pegg, Catherine, 114
peine forte et dure, 339
Pell-Mell (Pall-Mall), 361–2
Penn, Sir William, 16, 216, 217
Penruddock, Colonel, 321
pens, 158–9
Penzance, 256
Pepys, Elizabeth: church attendance, 102; clothes, 199–200; and contemporary sanitation, 253–4; cosmetics, 204; and food, 261; and highwaymen, 430; and hygiene, 298; leisure activities, 355, 373; marriage, 57, 87–8, 89–90, 198–9, 199–200; pet animals, 128; reading matter, 378; staying at an inn, 237–8; suspected affair, 198–9; and Valentine’s Day, 152
Pepys, John, 96
Pepys, Samuel: on Audley’s wealth, 65; author’s verdict on, 407; background, 16; black servants, 121; and brother’s marriage, 80–1; calendar used by, 150; on Catherine of Braganza, 203; celebrations held by, 151; on Charles II’s sex life, 113; church attendance, 102, 104; clothes, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191; and coach travel, 215, 216, 217–18, 429; on Commissioner Pett’s daughter, 156; his conscience, 111; and contemporary sanitation, 253; on corpses of executed highwaymen, 337; on cosmetics, 204, 205; on earl of Oxford, 426; and fine art, 372, 373; and food and drink, 261, 263, 264, 271, 272, 279, 281, 282, 286, 287, 433; and Great Fire of London, 20–1, 22–3, 25; on Great Plague, 303; hair, 192–3; hours kept by, 153, 154; house catches fire, 28; and hygiene, 296, 297, 299; interest in travel, 133, 134, 423–4; interior of his home, 249, 432; languages spoken by, 158; leisure activities, 348, 355, 357–8, 362, 366; marriage, 57, 87–8, 89–90, 198–9, 199–200; medical beliefs, 292–3; medical treatments undergone by, 318, 320; mistaken for servant, 185; and mummies, 316; and music, 387; newspapers read by, 162; pens owned by, 159; pet animals, 128; on popular attitude to foreigners, 117; and public toilets, 166; reading matter, 378; rides with the post, 222; Scottish trip, 50; sense of humour, 145; sex life, 111–12, 428; shopping, 181; and shorthand, 159; significance for definition of Restoration period, 6; on social precedence, 80; social status, 61, 65–6; staying at an inn, 237–8, 239–40; and superstition, 96; technological gadgets owned by, 137; and theatre, 393, 394, 395, 398–9, 439; treatment of his servants, 75
–6, 89–90, 126–7; and the weather, 15–16; wherry use, 224–5; on yachts, 224
Pepys, Tom, 80–1, 96
Pérignon, Pierre, 280–1
Perth, 51
Peter I, tsar of Russia, 117
Pett, Captain, 145
Pett, Peter, 224
petticoats, 198
Petticrew, Sophia, 207–8
Petty, William, 138–9, 147, 161, 429
Phillips, Edward, 157
philosophy, 379–80
phlebotomy, 314, 318
physicians, 312–15
Pierce, Mr and Mrs, 261
pillories, 341–2
pirates, 119, 133, 224, 336
Pitt, Moses, 340–1
Pitts, Joseph, 133, 298, 299, 407–8
plague, 292, 299, 300–5
plaids, 195–6, 207
Plantations see America
plants, 245
plates, 266
Playford, John, 388
Plot, Robert, 167
Plymouth, 42, 45–6
Plymouth, earl of, 114
Pochowachett, Mustapha, 324
pockets, 205
poet laureates, 381
poetry, 380–6
Poland, 56
policing, 327–8
politeness see manners
political thinking, 94
pollution, 9, 16, 253–4, 257
Pontac, Arnaud de, 281
Pontac, François-Auguste de, 281
Pontefract, 262
the poor and miserable, 73–9
Poor Law Act (1601), 77–8
Popish Plot (1678), 108
population: advances in quantification, 138; Britain, 55–6; England and Wales, 34; London, 13, 29–30; northern Europe, 56; other towns, boroughs and cities, 41–2; Scotland, 49, 51, 56
port canons, 189–90
Porter, Tom, 123–4
Portsmouth, 42
postal services, 159–62
potatoes, 263, 276
poverty, 73–9
Povey, Thomas, 297
Powhatan, chief of the Virginian Native Americans, 368
Pratt, Sir George, 242
Pratt, Roger, 27, 242
Presbyterianism, 107, 143
pressing, 339
Presteigne, 48
Preston, 284
Prestonfield, 48
printing and publishing, 163, 376–7
prisons, 339–41
professionals, 60, 66–7
prostitution, 112, 206, 342
Punch, 349
puppy water, 204
Purbeck, Isle of, 262
Purcell, Henry, 389–90, 394, 395, 397
Puritanism: morals, 3–4; popular attitude, 115–16; resurgence under William and Mary, 110; see also Commonwealth period
Pym, Roger, 126
quacks, 313–14
Quakers, 105–6, 143, 147, 330
quinine, 292, 306, 314, 315
race issues see foreigners and strangers
Radwells (Herts), 212
Ragley Hall, 251
Ramsbury Manor, 248, 251
rape, 324
Rawlings, Giles, 124
Rawlinson, Thomas, 428
Ray, John, 131
Reid, Alexander, 418
religion: crimes against, 102–3, 110–11; ecclesiastical courts, 329, 342; and education, 143; Hobbes on, 379; increased toleration, 344; and medical thinking, 291–2; overview of beliefs and attitudes, 102–10; Sabbath-breaking, 111, 210; and science, 94, 135; theological books, 377; see also Bible; Catholicism; dissenters and nonconformists; Islam; Puritanism; Quakers
Restoration: chronological extent, 6; historical context, 3–5; significance, 5–6
Reynel, Carew, 227
the rich, 64–6
Rich, Christopher, 392, 400
Rich, Robert, 120–1
Richmond, 47
Richmond, duke of, 114
rickets, 308
Riley, John, 373
river travel, 222–7
roads, 210–14
Robinson, Robert, 32, 373
Rochdale, 31
Roche, Peter de la, 308
Rochester, John Wilmot, earl of: atheism, 107; author’s verdict on, 407; and Barry, 399; and Charles II, 83, 146–7; dramatic representations, 395; on London, 18; morality, 114–16; as poet, 381, 382; and quacks, 313
Rolvenden, 48
Rome, 29
rope-dancing, 347–8
Ros, Lord, 147
Roseworme, John, 253, 371
Rotterdam, 111
Royal Navy, 94; see also mariners
Royal Society, 134–5, 137, 140, 147, 368
Rubens, Peter Paul, 369, 370
Rugg, Thomas, 4, 200
rum, 284
running, 197, 362
runrig, 51
Rupert, Prince, 220
Russia, 117
Ruthven, Lord, 311
Rutland, 415
Rye, 416
Sabbath-breaking, 111, 210
sack, 282–3
Sacks, David Harris, 418
sailors see mariners
St Albans, duke of, 114
St Albans, Henry Jermyn, earl of, 27
St Andrew’s University, 142
St Barbe, Sir John, 297
St David’s, 41
Saint-Évremond, marquis de, 281
St Ives (Hunts), 48
St John, Sir Henry, 399
St Margaret’s Fair, 348
St Mungo’s Well, 295
St Valentine’s Day, 152
Salisbury, 42, 227
Saltonstall, Lady, 149
Salwarpe river, 227
Sanderson, William, 374
Sandwich, 279, 416
Sandwich, Edward Mountagu, earl of: attitude to marriage and social status, 80; background, 66; black servants, 121; and duels, 123; flagship, 75; hours kept by, 154; languages spoken by, 158; mistresses, 112; Pepys’s use of his house for assignations, 111
Sandy, William, 227
sanitation, 253–4, 257; see also toilets
Savery, Thomas, 137
Scandinavia, 121
scenery, stage, 391
Schellinks, Willem: attitude to scenery, 32; author’s verdict on, 407; on Brentford, 47; on cockfighting, 127; on cosmetics, 205; and food and drink, 272, 279; on imprisonment in Colchester, 340; on leisure activities, 355, 357, 362; on Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 15; meets old man, 58; rides with the post, 222; on smoking, 287; on spas, 294, 296; on Stonehenge, 366; on travel, 210; on travelling on the Thames, 224, 225; on Whitehall, 369; and witchcraft, 100
schools, 139–40, 141
science, 93, 94, 134–9
scolds, 88, 343
Scole, 238
Scot, Walter, 126
Scotland: aristocracy, 62; artists, 373; banks and banking, 173; the calendar, 150; clothing, 194–6, 207–8; education, 67; English attitude to Scots, 117; famine, 260–1; food and drink, 261–2, 271, 279, 284; health matters, 297, 312; heating, 252, 255, 256; houses, 242, 255; and Huguenots, 118; justice system, 331, 334, 342; languages spoken, 157; laundry, 209; literacy and education, 141, 142–3; Misson on, 116; money, 170; morality, 110; newspapers, 163; overview, 49–54; poor laws, 77–8; population, 49, 51, 56; religion, 102–3; roads, 212; sports and games, 359, 437; units of measurement, 168; uprising against James II, 84; witchcraft, 98, 99–100
Scougal, John, 373
scrofula, 96–7, 305
Scudéry, Madeleine de, 378
sea bathing, 293
Seaford, 416
Seaforth, Lord, 331
Sedgemoor, Battle of (1685), 84
Sedley, Catherine, 147
Sedley, Sir Charles, 114, 115–16, 147, 395
servants, 59–60, 63, 75–6, 126–7, 324, 333; black, 119–21; indentured, 78, 125, 126, 338
Severn river, 262
sewage, 17, 20, 53
sex, 3–4, 82, 110, 111–16, 342–3
sexual crimes, 324–6, 329, 342–3
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sexually transmitted diseases, 308–9
Seymour, Conyers, 123
Shadwell, Thomas, 381, 396–7, 433
Shakespeare, William, 376, 391, 392, 393, 394
Sharp, Sarah, 126
sheep farming, 33, 38, 51
Shelton, Thomas, 157
Shen Fuzong, 131
sheriffs, 327
Shetland, 297
shifts and smocks, 197–8
shirts, 186, 194
shoes and boots, 190, 194, 201–2
shopping, 176–83
shops, 177, 180–1
shorthand, 159
Shrewsbury, 42, 227, 278, 312–13, 342
Shrewsbury, countess of, 124
Shrewsbury, earl of, 124
Shropshire, 33
Siam, 131
Siberechts, Jan, 32, 372
Sidney, Algernon, 379, 380
sightseeing, 365–7
signposts, 213
silk, 185
Sinclair, George, 142–3
skimmington rides, 343
skirts, 200
Slack, Paul, 418
slavery, 119–21, 133, 134
Sloane, Sir Hans, 58, 368–9 smallpox,
289–90, 300, 307, 314, 317, 318
smells, 16, 53, 256–7
smock races, 197, 362
smock weddings, 197–8
smocks see shifts and smocks
smoking, 285, 287–8
soap, 209, 299
social contract, 379–80
social mobility, 140
social order, 59–92; justice system’s maintenance of, 323–6; popular attitude to precedence and hierarchy, 79–81
social mobility, 65
sodomy, 324
Soest, Gerard, 372
Somerset, 262, 279
songs, 388, 390
Southampton, 303
Southampton, duke of, 114
Southwold, 48
Southy, Sarah, 324
spas, 293–6
Specke, Richard, 126
Speenhamland, 355
Spencer, Sir Thomas, 246
spirits, 283–4
sports and games, 128, 352–65
Stafford, Lord, 108
Staffordshire, 227
stagecoaches, 218–20
Staggins, Nicholas, 388
staircases, 252
stately homes see houses
steam engines, 137
Sterne, Edmund, 73
Stillingfleet, Edward, bishop of Worcester, 375
Stilton, 212
Stoaks, William, 339
stockings, 189–90, 194, 201
stocks and shares, 172
Stokes, Mary, 323–4
stone, cutting for the, 319–20
Stonehenge, 366
stool-ball, 357, 362–3
storms, 148–9
Stour river, 227
Stourbridge Fair, 178–80
stow-ball, 363
strangers see foreigners and strangers
Streater, Robert, 32, 373
street vendors, 17, 176, 273
streets, 9, 13, 43
Stuart, Frances, 113, 152