Bullets and Opium

by Liao Yiwu

  162. Qi Li, male, 22, student specializing in stage design at the Central Academy of Drama

  Because Qi had enthusiastically participated in the student strike, it was not until the early morning of June 4 that he retreated from Tiananmen Square. He was sternly interrogated and, knowing that he could not pass the investigation, hung himself in despair.

  163. Wei Wumin, female, age unknown, student in the theater arts department of the Central Academy of Drama

  Wei actively participated in the student strike and was one of the Tiananmen Square hunger strikers. She witnessed the slaughter on the morning of June 4. Deep in anger and despair, she jumped in front of a train.

  164. Zhu XX, male, age unknown, student in the physics department of Beijing Normal University

  Zhu was killed in the early morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  165. Dai Jinping, male, 27, master’s student at Beijing University of Agriculture

  Dai was shot and killed on Tiananmen Square near the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall at about eleven p.m. on the night of June 3. On June 10, Dai’s family retrieved his body from the Beijing Friendship Hospital morgue.

  166. Zhang Fuyuan, male, 66, Beijing resident, former People’s Liberation Army 302 Military Hospital of China worker; Communist Party member

  On the evening of June 3, after finishing his night shift, Zhang dropped in at the home of a relative in an alley that ran along the eastern wall of the Beijing Long Distance Telephone Building. Around midnight he heard the popping of tear gas canisters. Gas seeped into the room. Everybody ran to the front door to see what was going on, and were met by a hail of fire from martial law troops. As the crowd scattered, a bullet penetrated the right side of Zhang’s waist, but he forced himself to run away with the others. Soldiers kept chasing them. He fell when he reached the gate to the courtyard of his relatives’ home. Later, an ambulance took him to Jishuitan Hospital, but he had already stopped breathing. His children claimed his body the next day.

  167. Li Haocheng, male, 20, student in the Chinese department specializing in ancient Chinese literature at Tianjin Normal University and secretary of the Communist Youth League branch committee

  During the student strike, Li went with over 5,000 students and teachers from his school to Beijing to lend their support. According to eyewitnesses, early on the morning of June 4, when troops burst into Tiananmen Square, Li stood in the southeast corner of the square photographing the last retreating students. Enraged, soldiers shot him twice. His school gave his family 2,000 yuan in compensation.

  168. Chen Zhongjie, male, 31, former employee of a subordinate unit of the former Third Ministry of Machine Building in Beijing

  Chen was shot at the southern end of Fuyou Street at midnight on June 3. The bullet entered through his forehead and exploded out the back of his head. He stopped breathing while being taken to Peking University First Hospital.

  169. Wang Dongxi, male, age and occupation unknown, Shanghai resident

  Wang was killed in the early morning hours of June 4, 1989. Details are not known.

  170. Guo Chunmin, male, 23, teacher at Beijing High School No. 61, at the time studying at the biology department of the Shijingshan campus of the Beijing Institute of Education, where he was class leader

  Guo left home at eight p.m. on June 3 to go to Muxidi to visit a classmate and did not return. His family went to the Fuxing Hospital and saw his name on a list of the dead posted at the hospital entrance. Squeezing into the bicycle shed where they rummaged through several dozen bodies, his family was finally able to locate him. He had been shot twice. He was still breathing when he reached the hospital, but died shortly after from blood loss.

  171. Han Junyou, male, 25, former worker at Beijing Leather Shoe Factory No. 1 and later a guard in that factory’s security department

  A bullet struck Han in the head on the night of June 3 in Muxidi. He died on the way to Fuxing Hospital. His family later found his remains in the hospital’s bicycle shed.

  172. Li Tiegang, male, 22, worker in the water supply workshop in the power plant at the Capital Steel Company in Beijing

  On the night of June 3, Li left his home and encountered the large massacre being committed by martial law troops near Fuxingmen. He died after he was shot several times in the shoulder and in the liver.

  173. Wang Ying, male, 30, employee at the Beijing Transformer Factory Company

  Wang was killed on June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  174. Cai XX, male, age unknown, employee at the Commercial Press

  Cai has been missing since the morning of June 4. There has been no news of him since.

  175. Wang Junjing, male, over 30, technician at a factory subordinate to the Beijing Instrumentation Bureau near the Baita Temple

  While on the way to work at about ten a.m. on the morning of June 4, Wang was shot by martial law troops. A dumdum bullet in the kidney resulted in damage to his heart as well. Wang was sent to Peking Union Medical College Hospital. When his relatives came to identify and take away his remains, there were already more than forty bodies piled up at the hospital.

  176. Name unknown, male, under 20, occupation unknown

  During the night of June 3, this male was killed east of Muxidi at the intersection of Fuxingmenwai Avenue and Sanlihe Road. The bleeding from a bullet wound to the chest would not stop. He was sent to the Beijing Children’s Hospital for emergency treatment, which proved ineffective, and he died. According to eyewitnesses, he was wearing brown-and-green shorts and a white short-sleeved T-shirt, his sockless feet in sandals, and he had a wristwatch on. He had no identification on him, so the person in charge at the hospital said that if nobody identified him in four or five days, his remains would be turned over to the anti-epidemic station for cremation, along with fourteen other unidentified corpses.

  177. Hu XX, male, age unknown, university student in Beijing

  This student’s family didn’t hear about his fate until two weeks after the massacre. They were sad beyond description, but because they were poor and under pressure from the local government, they did not dare to identify his body.

  178. Hao Zhijing, male, 30, research assistant at the Science and Technology Policy and Management Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; had visited the United States in 1988

  While passing through Muxidi at eleven a.m. on June 3, a stray bullet went through the left side of Hao’s chest, killing him immediately. His relatives went to all the Beijing hospitals looking for him. A month later they discovered his body by chance at Fuxing Hospital.

  179. Lin Tao, male, 24, a former People’s Liberation Army scout who had worked at the Kunlun Beijing hotel

  On the night of June 3, after finishing dinner, Lin was preparing lunch to bring to work the next day, when he heard that martial law troops had entered the city. He left home on his bicycle to go out on the streets and never returned.

  180. Li XX, male, about 30, driver for the Beijing Municipal Urban Appearance Enforcement Team

  From the night of June 3 into the early morning of June 4, Li was working on the second floor of the Beijing Municipal Urban Appearance Enforcement Team headquarters on the western side of the Great Hall of the People. He was hit by gunfire from martial law troops, fell backward into the arms of his office colleagues, and died.

  181. Zhang Jian, male, 17, sophomore at High School No. 95 in the Xuanwu District of Beijing

  On June 4, Zhang left home to visit his uncle and aunt who lived in Qianmen. On the way, he was murdered by martial law troops, who shot him through the heart. Zhang’s body was sent directly to the morgue at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. At noon his parents discovered that their son had not visited his uncle’s home and went to look for him. Finally, after searching through three large volumes of albums with photographs of about sixty of the dead, they identified his body.

  182. Li Ping, male, age unknown, student in the political education department of Beijing
Normal University

  On the night of June 3, Li was shot and killed near the Military Museum of the Chinese People’s Revolution, west of the Muxidi Bridge.

  183. Ma Jianwu, male, age unknown, student at the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine

  Ma was killed on the morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  184. Huang Xinhua, male, 25, graduate student at the Chinese Academy of Sciences who had passed the entrance examination in 1988

  Huang was killed in Tiananmen Square on the morning of June 4. After cremation, his elder brother Huang Linqiang took his ashes back to their home in Shaodong County, Hunan Province, for burial. The state paid compensation of 200 yuan and issued a certificate stating that he had been accidentally wounded.

  185. Tao Maoxian, male, age unknown, employee at the Beijing City Factory No. 811

  On the morning of June 4, while rescuing an injured person, Tao was shot in the small of the back and died immediately. The place where he was killed is not known.

  186. Zou Zuowu, male, age and occupation unknown

  Zou was shot and seriously wounded on the morning of June 4. He was sent to the hospital and both his legs were amputated. He died six months later.

  187. Bai Jingchuan, male, 21, a student specializing in home appliance maintenance at Beijing Lianhe University

  Bai was shot and killed on the morning of June 4. His remains were discovered at Beijing Tongren Hospital.

  188. Jiang Jiaxing, male, age and occupation unknown, Beijing resident

  Jiang was killed on the morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  189. Sun Hui, male, 19, student in the chemistry department at Peking University

  On the morning of June 4, wearing a Peking University T-shirt, Sun rode a bicycle in search of his classmates. When he passed through Xidan, he was shot and killed, and his corpse fell in the street. Three years after cremation, his ashes were returned to his ancestral home in Ningxia.

  190. Liang Jianbo, male, 18, student at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology

  Liang went to the police academy on the afternoon of June 3 to visit his elder sister. The guard would not let him in and would not let anyone inside go out. He had no choice but to leave. Nothing is known about where he went after that. More than ten days later, his family identified his body at the Jishuitan Hospital.

  191. Wang Yongzhen, female, age unknown, student at China Agricultural University

  Wang was killed on the morning of June 4. The details of her death are unknown. Her family sprinkled her ashes in the Hun River in Liaoning Province.

  192. Zhang Jie, male, 16, Beijing resident, school unknown

  Around five a.m. on the morning of June 4, Zhang rode his bicycle home from his elder sister’s place. He was passing through Jinshui Bridge, when he ran into soldiers in a murderous rage. Unprovoked, they showered his head with blows, using their clubs. His sister was a manager at the Tiananmen Gate Tower. When she saw what was happening, she yelled, “He is one of our own!” but the soldiers refused to listen. They dragged him into the Beijing Working People’s Cultural Palace and continued beating him to death.

  193. XX, male, about 15, student at a junior high school in Beijing

  This student was spending the summer at the Beijing representative office of the Qinghe Farm. On June 29 he finished his homework and went with his classmates to the roundabout near the Yuquanying intersection, where they ran into a peasant selling watermelons from his truck. The mischievous teenagers knocked a watermelon off the cart. The watermelon seller yelled, “What are you doing, stealing my watermelons?” Just then a patrol car passed by and sprayed them with gunfire. The other children scattered, but this boy was hit and instantly fell to the ground, dead.

  194. XX, male, 36, cadre at a Beijing juvenile detention center

  On the night of June 3, hearing sporadic gunfire, this man went outside to look. He was shot and killed near Jiaodaokou.

  195. Liu Yongliang, male, 26, worker at the Beijing Internal Combustion Engine Factory

  A bullet hit Liu in the head late on the night of June 3. He died at Beijing Hospital.

  196. Liu Zhong, male, 19, student at China University of Political Science and Law

  Liu was killed late on the night of June 3. The details of his death are unknown.

  197. Fu Erke, male, 19, student at Minzu University of China in Beijing

  Fu was killed in the early morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  198. Gu Lifen, female, 19, student in the education department at Beijing Normal University

  Gu was killed in the early morning of June 4. The details of her death are unknown.

  199. Ma Fenglong, male, 27, a member of a work unit in Beijing

  Ma was killed in the early morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  200. Ma Junfei, male, age unknown, Beijing resident

  Ma Junfei, the son of Ma Fenglong (see entry no. 199), was killed in the early morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  201. Xu Ruihe, male, age unknown, Beijing resident, People’s Liberation Army veteran

  Xu was killed on the morning of June 4. The details of his death are unknown.

  202. Chen Yongting, male, 21, of the Tujia ethnic minority; student specializing in political economy in the economics department of Minzu University of China in Beijing

  On the evening of June 3, Chen was shot somewhere in the area around Tiananmen Square. Other details of his death are unknown. After cremation, his ashes were brought back to his home in the Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County in Chongqing for burial.

  APPENDIX THREE

  * * *

  List of 49 People Wounded or Disabled in the Massacre

  Collected by the Tiananmen Mothers (1989–2011)

  Provided by Ding Zilin and Jiang Peikun

  Continual repression by the Chinese government and the lingering fears of those interviewed have hindered much of the Tiananmen Mothers group’s efforts. Many of the injured and disabled are unwilling to reveal their personal information.

  1. Fang Zheng, male, 22 (when he was wounded), student in the biomechanics department of the Beijing Sports College

  Following the long line of students retreating from Tiananmen Square around six a.m. on the morning of June 4, Fang was passing through the Liubukou intersection, when a tank abruptly changed direction and headed straight at the students. They scattered immediately, but the tank kept chasing them, firing off a series of poison gas bombs. A student from the same school fainted beside Fang; she was about to be flattened by the tank, but Fang grabbed her and quickly dodged to the side. She was saved, but he was caught under the tank tread and dragged along for a considerable distance. He screamed in anguish and somehow managed to free the top half of his body, but both of his legs were torn off.

  After emergency treatment at the hospital, Fang was finally revived. He stubbornly lived on. With the help of the organization Humanitarian China, he now lives in San Francisco.

  2. Su Wenkui, male, 22, student at the China Youth College for Political Sciences

  Following the long line of students retreating from Tiananmen Square around six a.m. on the morning of June 4, Su was passing through the Liubukou intersection, when he fainted from the poison gas fumes and was seriously injured by the same tank that severed Fang Zheng’s legs (see entry no. 1). Shots were fired at him. Emergency treatment at the hospital pulled him through, but he was left disabled for life.

  3. Liu Gang, male, 36, business manager at the Beijing Machinery Import and Export Company

  On the night of June 3, a bullet hit Liu in the spine, leaving him a paraplegic. His mind remains clear, but he lost all functions of his limbs. Life now seems worse than death. His company pays his continuing medical expenses.

  4. Song Qiujian, male, 17, student at a middle school

  During the day on June 7, while riding his bicycle to school near the Beijing
Train Station, Song encountered a martial law tank. Flaunting their force, the soldiers ordered everyone to lie down and then strafed both sides of the street with gunfire. Amid flying dirt and sand, innocent people were hit by gunfire and lay bleeding in the street. After the tanks had roared by, people finally dared to get up and help five injured bystanders, putting them in a three-wheeled cart and leading them to the hospital. Song was one of them. He had been hit by a cluster bomb, which are forbidden by international treaty. The bullet shattered when it punctured his skin, but the main fragment of the bullet drilled into his liver and bruised his backbone. After emergency care at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, he was left permanently disabled. Today he still walks with a limp.

  5. Tian XX, male, 16, student in the middle school attached to Renmin University of China

  During daylight on June 4, Tian was riding with his classmates on bicycles through the Nanchizi area of Wangfujing, when they ran into soldiers shooting indiscriminately. A bullet came flying by and he instinctively turned; the bullet furrowed his forehead. Severely traumatized, Tian developed a chronic mental illness. He was hospitalized at the department of neurology of the Peking University Third Hospital, where he underwent extensive therapy. He was never able to return to school and now is only capable of doing basic jobs.

  6. Chu Manqing, female, 20, student in the Geology Department of Peking University

  Chu joined a medical team on the night of June 3. An armored car rammed into her and crushed her leg while she was helping a person with a gunshot wound near Tiananmen. After round-the-clock hospital treatment, stainless steel rods were used to stabilize her legs. She battled a long period of intense suffering but recovered, graduated, and went overseas for advanced study.

  7. Wang Yan, male, 20, employee at the Ministry of Aerospace and Aeronautical Industry 502 Institute

  Early on the morning of June 4, at an unknown location, Wang was disabled by a bullet. In 1993, because he could no longer stand the physical torture, he swallowed more than seventy sleeping pills in a suicide attempt. His family found him and he was saved, but for years he had to remain under the care of his aging parents.