Delphi Complete Works of Pausanias

by Pausanias

  [4.10] When Mardonius fell in the battle of Plataea, and the foreigners were destroyed, Pausanias sent the lady back to Cos, and she took with her the apparel that the Persian had procured for her as well as the rest of her belongings. Pausanias also refused to dishonor the body of Mardonius, as Lampon the Aeginetan advised him to do.

  5. Πλείσταρχος μὲν οὖν ὁ Λεωνίδου νεωστὶ τὴν βασιλείαν παρειληφὼς ἐτελεύτησε, Πλειστοάναξ δὲ ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχὴν ὁ Παυσανίου τοῦ Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένου: Πλειστοάνακτος δὲ ἐγένετο Παυσανίας. οὗτος ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἀφίκετο ὁ Παυσανίας Θρασυβούλῳ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις πολέμιος τῷ λόγῳ, τοῖς δὲ ἄρχειν ἐπιτραπεῖσιν ὑπὸ Λυσάνδρου καταστησόμενος τὴν τυραννίδα ἐν βεβαίῳ. καὶ μάχῃ μὲν ἐνίκησεν Ἀθηναίων τοὺς ἔχοντας τὸν Πειραιᾶ, μετὰ δὲ τὴν μάχην αὐτίκα οἱ τὸν στρατὸν ἀπάγειν οἴκαδε ἤρεσε μηδὲ ἀνοσίων ἀνδρῶν τυραννίδα αὔξοντα ἐπισπάσασθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ τὸ αἴσχιστον τῶν ὀνειδῶν.

  [5.1] V. Shortly after Pleistarchus the son of Leonidas came to the throne he died, and the kingdom devolved on Pleistoanax, son of the Pausanias who commanded at Plataea. Pleistoanax had a son Pausanias; he was the Pausanias who invaded Attica, ostensibly to oppose Thrasybulus and the Athenians, but really to establish firmly the despotism of those to whom the government had been entrusted by Lysander. Although he won a battle against the Athenians holding the Peiraens, yet immediately after the battle he resolved to lead his army back home, and not to bring upon Sparta the most disgraceful of reproaches by increasing the despotic power of wicked men.

  [2] ὡς δὲ ἐπανῆλθεν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν μαχεσάμενος ἄπρακτον μάχην, ὑπάγουσιν αὐτὸν ἐς κρίσιν οἱ ἐχθροί. βασιλεῖ δὲ τῷ Λακεδαιμονίων δικαστήριον ἐκάθιζον οἵ τε ὀνομαζόμενοι γέροντες, ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσιν ὄντες ἀριθμόν, καὶ ἡ τῶν ἐφόρων ἀρχή, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ὁ τῆς οἰκίας βασιλεὺς τῆς ἑτέρας. τέσσαρες μὲν δὴ καὶ δέκα τῶν γερόντων, ἐπὶ δὲ αὐτοῖς Ἆγις ὁ τῆς ἑτέρας οἰκίας βασιλεύς, ἀδικεῖν τὸν Παυσανίαν κατέγνωσαν:

  [5.2] When he returned from Athens with only a fruitless battle to his credit, he was brought to trial by his enemies. The court that sat to try a Lacedaemonian king consisted of the senate, “old men” as they were called, twenty eight in number, the members of the ephorate, and in addition the king of the other house. Fourteen senators, along with Agis, the king of the other house, declared that Pausanias was guilty; the rest of the court voted for his acquittal.

  [3] τὸ δὲ ἄλλο ἀπέγνω δικαστήριον. μετὰ δὲ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον Λακεδαιμονίων συλλεγόντων ἐπὶ Θήβας στρατιάν — αἰτία δὲ ἥτις ἐγένετο προσέσται τῷ ἐς Ἀγησίλαον λόγῳ — , τότε δὲ Λύσανδρος μὲν ἐς τὴν Φωκίδα ἀφικόμενος καὶ ἀναλαβὼν πανδημεὶ τοὺς Φωκέας οὐδένα ἔτι ἐπισχὼν χρόνον ἔς τε Βοιωτίαν ἐληλύθει καὶ προσβολὰς ἐποιεῖτο ἐς τὸ Ἁλιαρτίων τεῖχος οὐκ ἐθελόντων ἀπὸ Θηβαίων ἀφίστασθαι. ἐσεληλύθεσαν δὲ ἤδη καὶ Θηβαίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων τινὲς κρύφα ἐς τὴν πόλιν, ὧν ἐπεξελθόντων καὶ πρὸ τοῦ τείχους ταξαμένων ἄλλοι τε ἐνταῦθα Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ Λύσανδρος ἔπεσε.

  [5.3] Shortly after this the Lacedaemonians gathered an army against Thebes; the reason for so doing will be given in my account of Agesilaus. On this occasion Lysander came to Phocis, took along with him the entire Phocian army, and without any further delay entered Boeotia and began assaults upon the wall of Haliartus, the citizens of which refused to revolt from Thebes. Already a band of Thebans and Athenians had secretly entered the city; these came out and offered battle before the wall, and there fell here several Lacedaemonians, including Lysander himself.

  [4] Παυσανίας δὲ ὑστέρησε μὲν τοῦ ἀγῶνος παρὰ Τεγεατῶν καὶ ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας τῆς ἄλλης ἀθροίζων δύναμιν: ὡς δὲ ἐς τὴν Βοιωτίαν ἀφίκετο, ἐπυνθάνετό τε τήν τε ἧτταν τῶν ὁμοῦ Λυσάνδρῳ καὶ αὐτοῦ Λυσάνδρου τὴν τελευτήν, ἐπῆγε δὲ ὅμως ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας τὸν στρατὸν καὶ διενοεῖτο ὡς μάχης ἄρξων. ἐνταῦθα οἵ τε Θηβαῖοι τὰ ἐναντία ἐτάσσοντο καὶ Θρασύβουλος ἀπέχειν οὐ πολὺ ἀπηγγέλλετο ἄγων τοὺς Ἀθηναίους: ἀνέμενε δὲ ἄρξαι Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἄρξασι δὲ αὐτὸς ἤδη κατὰ νώτου σφίσιν ἔμελλεν ἐπικείσεσθαι.

  [5.4] Pausanias was too late for the fight, having been collecting forces from Tegea and Arcadia generally; when he finally reached Boeotia, although he heard of the defeat of the forces with Lysander and of the death of Lysander himself, he nevertheless led his army against Thebes and purposed to take the offensive. Thereupon the Thebans offered battle, and Thrasybulus was reported to be not far away with the Athenians. He was waiting for the Lacedaemonians to take the offensive, on which his intention was to launch an attack himself against their rear.

  [5] ἔδεισεν οὖν ὁ Παυσανίας διπλοῦ στρατιωτικοῦ πολεμίων ἀνδρῶν μεταξὺ ἀποληφθῆναι, καὶ οὕτω σπονδάς τε πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους ἐποιήσατο καὶ τοὺς ὑπὸ τῷ Ἁλιαρτίων τείχει πεσόντας ἀνείλετο. τοῦτο Λακεδαιμονίοις μὲν ἐγένετο οὐ κατὰ γνώμην, ἐγὼ δὲ ἐπαινῶ τῶνδε ἕνεκα τὸ βούλευμα: ἅτε γὰρ εὖ εἰδὼς ὁ Παυσανίας ὡς τὰ σφάλματα ἀεὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις

  γίνονται ἐν μέσῳ πολεμίων ἀποληφθεῖσι, τό τε ἐν Θερμοπύλαις καὶ ἐν τῇ Σφακτηρίᾳ νήσῳ δεῖμα ἐποιήσατο μή σφισι καὶ αὐτὸς τρίτου γένηται κακοῦ πρόφασις.

  [5.5] So Pausanias, fearing lest he should be caught between two enemy forces, made a truce with the Thebans and took up for burial those who had fallen under the wall of Haliartus. The Lacedaemonians disapproved of this decision, but the following reason leads me to approve it. Pausanias was well aware that the disasters of the Lacedaemonians always took place when they had been caught between two enemy forces, and the defeats at Thermopylae and on the island of Sphacteria made him afraid lest he himself should prove the occasion of a third misfortune for them.

  [6] τότε δὲ ἐν αἰτίᾳ ποιουμένων τῶν πολιτῶν τὴν βραδυτῆτα αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐς Βοιωτίαν οὐχ ὑπέμεινεν ἐσελθεῖν ἐς δικαστήριον, Τεγεᾶται δὲ αὐτὸν τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἱκέτην ἐδέξαντο τῆς Ἀλέας. ἦν δὲ ἄρα τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦτο ἐκ παλαιοῦ Πελοποννησίοις πᾶσιν αἰδέσιμον καὶ τοῖς αὐτόθι ἱκετεύουσιν ἀσφάλειαν μάλιστα παρείχετο: ἐδήλωσαν δὲ οἵ τε Λακεδαιμόνιοι τὸν Παυσανίαν καὶ ἔτι πρότερον τούτου Λεωτυ
χίδην καὶ Ἀργεῖοι Χρυσίδα, καθεζομένους ἐνταῦθα ἱκέτας, οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν ἐξαιτῆσαι θελήσαντες.

  [5.6] But when his fellow citizens charged him with his slowness in this Boeotian campaign, he did not wait to stand his trial, but was received by the people of Tegea as a suppliant of Athena Alea. Now this sanctuary had been respected from early days by all the Peloponnesians, and afforded peculiar safety to its suppliants, as the Lacedaemonians showed in the case of Pausanias and of Leotychides before him, and the Argives in the case of Chrysis; they never wanted even to ask for these refugees, who were sitting as suppliants in the sanctuary, to be given up.

  [7] Παυσανίου δὲ φυγόντος οἱ μὲν παῖδες Ἀγησίπολις καὶ Κλεόμβροτος νέοι παντάπασιν ἔτι ἦσαν, Ἀριστόδημος δὲ ἐπετρόπευεν αὐτοὺς γένους ἐγγύτατα ὤν: καὶ τὸ ἐν Κορίνθῳ Λακεδαιμονίων κατόρθωμα Ἀριστοδήμου σφίσιν ἐγένετο ἡγουμένου.

  [5.7] When Pausanias fled, his sons Agesipolis and Cleombrotus were still quite boys, and Aristodemus, their nearest relative, was their guardian. This Aristodemus was in command of the Lacedaemonians when they won their success at Corinth.

  [8] Ἀγησίπολις δὲ ἐπεὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ἔσχεν αὐξηθείς, Πελοποννησίων πρώτοις ἐπολέμησεν Ἀργείοις. ὡς δὲ ἐκ τῆς Τεγεατῶν ἐς τὴν Ἀργολίδα ἤγαγε τὸν στρατόν, πέμπουσι κήρυκα οἱ Ἀργεῖοι σπεισόμενον πρὸς Ἀγησίπολίν σφισι πατρῴους δή τινας σπονδὰς ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθεστώσας τοῖς Δωριεῦσι πρὸς ἀλλήλους. ὁ δὲ οὔτε τῷ κήρυκι ἐσπείσατο καὶ προϊὼν ὁμοῦ τῇ στρατιᾷ τὴν γῆν ἔφθειρεν: ἔσεισέ τε δὴ ὁ θεὸς καὶ ὁ Ἀγησίπολις οὐδ᾽ οὕτω τὴν δύναμιν ἀπάξειν ἔμελλε, καίτοι Λακεδαιμονίοις μάλιστα Ἑλλήνων — ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ Ἀθηναίοις — δεῖμα αἱ διοσημεῖαι παρείχοντο.

  [5.8] When Agesipolis grew up and came to the throne, the first Peloponnesians against whom he waged war were the Argives. When he led his army from the territory of Tegea into that of Argos, the Argives sent a herald to make for them with Agesipolis a certain ancestral truce, which from ancient times had been an established custom between Dorians and Dorians. But Agesipolis did not make the truce with the herald, but advancing with his army proceeded to devastate the land. Then there was an earthquake, but not even so would Agesipolis consent to take away his forces. And yet more than any other Greeks were the Lacedaemonians (in this respect like the Athenians) frightened by signs from heaven.

  [9] καὶ ὁ μὲν ὑπὸ τὸ τεῖχος κατεστρατοπεδεύετο ἤδη τὸ Ἀργείων καὶ οὐ παρίει σείων ὁ θεὸς καί τινες καὶ ἀπώλοντο τῶν στρατιωτῶν κεραυνωθέντες, τοὺς δὲ καὶ ἔκφρονας ἐποίησαν αἱ βρονταί. οὕτω μὲν δὴ ἐκ τῆς Ἀργολίδος ἀνέζευξεν ἄκων, ἐπὶ δὲ Ὀλυνθίους ἐποιεῖτο αὖθις στρατείαν. κρατοῦντα δὲ αὐτὸν τῷ πολέμῳ καὶ ᾑρηκότα τῶν τε ἄλλων πόλεων τῶν ἐν Χαλκιδεῦσι τὰς πολλὰς καὶ αὐτὴν ἐλπίζοντα αἱρήσειν τὴν Ὄλυνθον νόσος τε ἐξαίφνης καὶ θάνατος ἐπέλαβεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς.

  [5.9] By the time that he was encamping under the wall of Argos, the earthquakes were still occurring, some of the troops had actually been killed by lightning, and some moreover had been driven out of then senses by the thunder. In this circumstance he reluctantly withdrew from Argive territory, and began another campaign, attacking Olynthus. Victorious in the war, having captured most of the cities in Chalcidice, and hoping to capture Olynthus itself, he was suddenly attacked by a disease which ended in his death.

  6. Ἀγησιπόλιδος δὲ ἄπαιδος τελευτήσαντος ἐς Κλεόμβροτον περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχή, καὶ ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι τούτῳ Βοιωτοῖς ἐναντία ἠγωνίσαντο ἐν Λεύκτροις: Κλεόμβροτος δὲ αὐτὸς γενόμενος ἀνὴρ ἀγαθὸς ἀρχομένης ἔτι ἔπεσε τῆς μάχης. μάλιστα δέ πως ἐπὶ πταίσμασιν ἐθέλει μεγάλοις προαφαιρεῖσθαι τὸν ἡγεμόνα ὁ δαίμων, καθὰ δὴ καὶ Ἀθηναίων ἀπῆγεν Ἱπποκράτην τε τὸν Ἀρίφρονος στρατηγοῦντα ἐπὶ Δηλίῳ καὶ ὕστερον ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ Λεωσθένην.

  [6.1] VI.As Agesipolis died childless, the kingdom devolved upon Cleombrotus, who was general in the battle at Leuctra against the Boeotians. Cleombrotus showed personal bravery, but fell when the battle was only just beginning. In great disasters Providence is peculiarly apt to cut off early the general, just as the Athenians lost Hippocrates the son of Ariphron, who commanded at Delium, and later on Leosthenes in Thessaly.

  [2] Κλεομβρότου δὲ ὁ μὲν πρεσβύτερος τῶν παίδων Ἀγησίπολις παρέσχετο μέγα οὐδὲν ἐς μνήμην, Κλεομένης δὲ ὁ νεώτερος μετὰ τὸν ἀδελφὸν τελευτήσαντα ἔσχε τὴν ἀρχήν. γενομένων δὲ αὐτῷ παίδων Ἀκροτάτου καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ Κλεωνύμου κατήγαγε τὸ χρεὼν Ἀκρότατον ἔτι πρότερον ἢ αὐτὸν Κλεομένην, καὶ ὡς Κλεομένης ἀπέθανεν ὕστερον, ἐς ἀντιλογίαν ἀφίκοντο ὑπὲρ τῆς βασιλείας Κλεώνυμός τε ὁ Κλεομένους καὶ Ἀρεὺς ὁ Ἀκροτάτου. δικάζουσιν οὖν οἱ γέροντες Ἀρεῖ τῷ Ἀκροτάτου καὶ οὐχὶ Κλεωνύμῳ πατρῴαν εἶναι τὴν τιμήν.

  [6.2] Agesipolis, the elder of the sons of Cleombrotus, is not a striking figure in history, and was succeeded by his younger brother Cleomenes. His first son was Acrotatus, his second Cleonymus. Acrotatus did not outlive his father, and when Cleomenes afterwards died, there arose a dispute about the throne between Cleonymus the son of Cleomenes and Areus the son of Acrotatus. So the senators acted as arbitrators, and decided that the dignity was the inheritance of Areus the son of Acrotatus, and not of Cleonymus.

  [3] Κλεωνύμῳ δὲ ἀπελαθέντι τῆς βασιλείας περισσῶς δή τι ὁ θυμὸς ᾤδει, καὶ αὐτὸν οἱ ἔφοροι καὶ ἄλλοις γέρασι ψυχαγωγοῦντες καὶ ἐπὶ ταῖς δυνάμεσιν ἐφιστάντες ἄρχοντα παρῆγον μή ποτε πολέμιον γενέσθαι τῇ Σπάρτῃ. τέλος δὲ ὁ μὲν πολλά τε καὶ ἐχθρὰ ἐς τὴν πατρίδα ἐτόλμησε καὶ Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου σφίσιν ἐπηγάγετο ἐς τὴν χώραν:

  [6.3] Deprived of his kingship Cleonymus became violently angry, and the ephors tried to soothe his feelings by bestowing upon him various honors, especially the leadership of the armies, so as to prevent his becoming one day an enemy of Sparta. But at last he committed many hostile acts against his fatherland, and induced Pyrrhus the son of Aeacides to invade Laconia.

  [4] Ἀρέως δὲ ἐν Σπάρτῃ τοῦ Ἀκροτάτου βασιλεύοντος Ἀντίγονος ὁ Δημητρίου πεζῷ τε καὶ ναυσὶν ἐπὶ Ἀθήνας στρατεύει. τοῖς δὲ Ἀθηναίοις ἀμυνοῦντες ἀφίκοντο μὲν ὁ Αἰγυπτίων ὁμοῦ Πατρόκλῳ στόλος, ἐξίασι δὲ καὶ οἱ Λακεδαιμόνι�
�ι πανδημεί, τὸν βασιλέα ἡγεῖσθαί σφισιν Ἀρέα ἐπιτάξαντες.

  [6.4] While Areus the son of Acrotatus was king in Sparta, Antigonus the son of Demetrius attacked Athens with an army and a fleet. To the help of the Athenians there came the Egyptian expedition with Patroclus, and every available man of the Lacedaemonians with Areus their king at their head.

  [5] περικαθημένου δὲ Ἀντιγόνου τὰς Ἀθήνας καὶ τῆς ἐσόδου τῆς ἐς τὴν πόλιν τὰ Ἀθηναίων συμμαχικὰ εἴργοντος, Πάτροκλος ἀποστέλλων ἀγγέλους προέτρεπε Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Ἀρέα ἄρχειν πρὸς Ἀντίγονον μάχης, ἐκείνων δὲ ἀρξάντων οὕτω καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ νώτου τοῖς Μακεδόσιν ἔφασκεν ἐπικείσεσθαι: πρότερον δὲ οὐκ εἰκὸς εἶναι σφᾶς Αἰγυπτίους τε ὄντας καὶ ναύτας Μακεδόσιν ἐπιέναι πεζῇ. Λακεδαιμόνιοι μὲν δὴ παρακινδυνεύειν ὥρμηντο Ἀθηναίων τε εὐνοίᾳ καί τι καὶ ἄξιον μνήμης ἐς τοὺς ἔπειτα ἐργάσασθαι προθυμούμενοι:

  [6.5] Antigonus invested Athens and prevented the Athenian reinforcements from entering the city; so Patroclus dispatched messengers urging Areus and the Lacedaemonians to take the offensive against Antigonus. On their doing so, he would himself, he said, attack the Macedonians in rear; but before such a move it was not fair for Egyptian sailors to attack Macedonians on land. The Lacedaemonians were eager to make the venture, both because of their friendship for Athens and also because they were ambitious to hand down to posterity a famous achievement,