APPENDIX 7
Monks’ Hall
MONKS’ HALL. A presumed floor plan at the Daibutsu/Eihei Monastery during Dogen’s time. Reconstructed from the current floor plan at the Eihei Monastery, drawn by Shohaku Okumura (Dogen’s “Pure Standards for the Zen Community”).
APPENDIX 8
Time System
ACCORDING TO THE TRADITIONAL East Asian system, the daytime from sunrise to sunset is divided into six (five and two half) hours. The nighttime is similarly divided into six hours. Hence, the lengths of daytime hours and nighttime hours change daily, while the positions of noon and midnight do not change. These diagrams illustrate the cases of a day in the summer and a day in the winter.
There are five night periods, each of which is divided into five segments. According to Dogen’s instructions for monastic practice, a night period is signaled by so many strikes of a drum, and a segment by so many strikes of a bell.
GLOSSARY
THIS GLOSSARY BRIEFLY explains terms, titles of writings, and mythological and historical names mentioned in the main text. Some entries only provide linguistic information. All entries are listed in alphabetical order. Readers should note the order of entries: a word followed by a comma appears prior to entries of the same word followed immediately by a phrase or another word without an interceding comma (i.e., Buddha, Vipashyin is followed by buddha activity).
We include traditional forms of ideographs. English and Chinese entry terms are followed by their Japanese equivalents in phonetic transliteration within brackets. Sanskrit spellings are a simplified form of transliteration with macrons indicating long vowels. Plurals of Sanskrit words are rendered by adding the English suffix -s. When the syllable –su is added to a Japanese noun, it turns that noun into a verb. Language abbreviations include J. (Japanese), C. (Chinese), and Skt. (Sanskrit). Years are from the common era (C.E.) unless specified otherwise.
Phrases are often reversed so they may be alphabetized by the more significant word. For example, truths, four noble. Titles, such as Buddha, Emperor, King, and Minister, precede names in order to facilitate searching and comparing. Personal names of laypersons are in alphabetical order by family name. Since Japanese names give the family name first, these names are not reversed for alphabetization. Dharma or Buddhist names are also not reversed.
An original term is often translated according to the context into a variety of English words in different parts of speech. For a typical English term, you will find the original term in the glossary, and in the same entry you will find other translations of the original term, which may appear to be unrelated to one another. This glossary thus reflects the richness of the meanings and ambiguity of the original terms. Also, some of the unusually stretched translations—such as “all are” being used as a compound noun, and “as”—are in the entries.
abbot: 堂頭 [dōchō], literally, head of the hall. Also, 住持 [jūji] or 住持人 [jūjinin], literally, one who abides in and maintains. 席主 [sekishu], literally, head seat. 粥飯頭 [shukuhantō], literally, head of (one who takes) meals. The spiritual leader and administrative chief of a Zen monastery. (Later, in large Japanese monasteries, the latter function became independent from the abbotship.)
abbot, former: 西堂 [seidō], literally, west hall. Also, visiting abbot.
abbot’s quarters: 方丈 [hōjō], literally, ten feet square. Room or building in a Zen temple or monastery. Later it became a large structure in a Zen monastery.
abbot’s room, plaque signaling permission to enter the:入室牌 [nisshitsu hai].
abbot’s room, receive guidance in the: 入室 [nisshitsu]. Enter the inner chamber (of the master).
Ābhāsvara Heaven: 光音天 [Kō’on Ten]. A heaven Shākyamuni Buddha was born into in one of his former lives.
Abhidharma Mahāvibhāsha Shastra: 阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論 [Abidatsuma Daibibasha-ron]. An ancient Indian compilation of pre-Mahāyāna treatises.
abide (in): 住持す [jūji-su].
abide in each moment: See abide in one’s condition.
abide in one’s condition: 住法位 [jū hōi], 住位 [jūi], literally, abiding in (dharma) position(s). Abide in each moment; at each moment.
ability: 力量 [rikiryō]. Power; understanding.
abode, ancestors’: 祖域 [soiki].
abundance and lack: 豐儉 [hōken]. Affirmation and negation; dualism and monism.
acacia powder: 皀莢 [sōkyō]. Used as soap.
accept: 承當(す) [jōtō(-su)]. Realize; hit the mark; exact point.
accept what is as it is: 聽許 [chōko], literally, listen and allow.
accept with trust: See trust, accept with.
accomplishment, gain: 得力 [tokuriki], literally, attain power.
accord, imperceptibly: 冥す[meisu].
achieve, finally: 究竟の果上 [kukyō no kajō], literally, ultimate fruit.
acquired enlightenment: See enlightenment, acquired.
action: 行取 [gyōshu], literally, action taken. 動容 [dōyō], literally, state of movement.
action(s), pure: 梵行 [bongyō].
action, beneficial: 利行 [rigyō]. One of a bodhisattva’s four methods of guidance.
action, dark: 黒業 [kokugō]. Unwholesome action.
action, deluded: 妄業 [mōgō].
action, do wholesome. See also Refrain from unwholesome actions.
action, increasing power of: 業増上力 [gōzōjō riki]. 業増上 [gōzōjō]. Increasing effect of action.
action, monk’s: 僧業 [sōgō].
action, past: 報地 [hōchi], literally, ground of reward (effect).
action, refrain from unwholesome: 離過防非 [rika bōhi], literally, separating from mistakes and preventing violation (of the way). See also Refrain from unwholesome actions.
action, unwholesome: 惡業 [akugō].
action, wholesome past: 宿善 [shukuzen].
action(s) that nurture different types of effect(s): 相異熟業 [sōi juku gō]. For example, situation where a wholesome or unwholesome action creates a neutral effect.
activities: 活計消息 [kakkei shōsoku], literally, activity, disappearing and resting.
activities, daily: 茶飯 [sahan], literally, tea and rice.
activities, everyday: 去就 [kyoshū], literally, go away or get on.
activities, three:三業 [sangō]. Body, speech, and thought.
activities of the (buddha) house: 家業 [kagō], literally, work of the house.
activity: 云爲 [un’i]. Natural activities; literally, words and actions. 機關 [kikan], working; dynamic work; undivided activity. Also, 機 [ki]. Capacity; potential; person. 活計(す) [kakkei(-su)]. Everyday activity; vital activity; experience; activate; struggle; carry on; think superfi-cially; theme. 消息 [shōsoku], fluctuation; fluctuating circumstances; how it is; personal correspondence, literally, disappearing and resting. 造次 [zōji], action; happening; making; work; behavior; thoughts; literally, making next. 運用 [un’yō], literally, carry and use.
activity, celestial: 神境通 [shinkyōtsū], literally, mastering celestial state.
activity, engage in: 造次動容 [zōji dōyō], literally, behavior and movement.
activity, inessential: 雜用 [zōyō], literally, trivial function.
activity, mental: 心行 [shingyō], literally, mind movement.
activity, mutual: 通消息 [tsū shōsoku], literally, to encompass disappearing and resting.
activity, undivided: 全機 [zenki]. 全 [zen]: entire, whole, together. 機 [ki]: possibility, capacity, response, function, working, total experience.
activity, unsurpassable: 上上の機 [jōjō no ki], literally, highest of high activity.
actualization: 證驗 [shōken], literally, realization proof.
actualization, complete: 擧力 [koriki], literally, total strength; complete effort. 盡力 [jinriki], literally, entire strength.
actualization, utmost: 全擧 [zenko], literally, totally raise.
/>
actualize: 現成(す) [genjō(-su)], literally, appear and complete. Appear; let appear; realize; manifest; complete. 差排す [sahai-su], literally, exclude discrepancy. 證會す [shōe-su], literally, realize and understand.
actualize, fully: 圓成す [enjō-su]. 究竟す[kukyō-su], literally, actualize the ultimate realm.
actualize, immediately: 速證 [sokushō].
actualize expression: 道現成 [dō genjō].
actualize the fundamental point: 現成公案 [genjō kōan]. See also actualize; kōan.
Actualizing the Fundamental Point: 現成公案 [Genjō Kōan]. Third fascicle of this book.
Adbhuta-dharma. See also Divisions, Twelve.
add a little to a lot: 多處添些子 [tasho ten shasu].
add eyelids on top of eyelids: 眼皮上更添一枚皮 [gampi jō kōten ichimai hi].
administrator. See also officers, six.
admonition: 制誡 [seikai].
admonition, golden: 誠諦ノ金言 [jōtai no kongon], literally, sincere and truthful golden words.
adoration: 戀慕 [rembo].
advanced: 老大 [rōdai], literally, old and great.
affairs, secular: 世縁 [se’en], literally, world connection.
affirm: 肯然 [kōnen].
afflictions, all: 諸漏 [shoro], literally, various leakings (desires).
Āgama: Pali, Skt. 阿含 [Agon], 阿笈摩 [Agyūma]. Early Buddhist teaching, literally, that which comes (from the source).
Āgama Midiaka Sūtra: 中阿含經 [Chū Agon Kyō]. The Sanskrit version of one of the early sutras, Āgama.
Āgama School(s): 阿笈摩教 [Agyūma Kyō]. Early Buddhist school(s), later called Hīnayāna by Mahāyāna practitioners.
Āgama Sūtra(s): 阿含經 [Agon Kyō]. Early Buddhist sūtra(s). Many of the Sanskrit versions were translated into Chinese.
age of declining dharma. See also three periods.
Ajata: 阿逸多 [Aitta]. Official for King of Kaushala, ancient India. Later he was allowed to leave the household by the Buddha.
Ājñātakaundinya: Skt. 阿若憍陳如 [Anyakyōjinnyo], 陳如尊者 [Jinnyo Sonja]. Kaundinya, 憍陳如 [Kyōjinnyo]. One who was enlightened first among the five earliest disciples of Shākyamuni Buddha.
Akshobhya. See also Buddhas, Five.
aligned. See also arise sequentially.
alike, all worlds are. 界等 [kai tō].
all are. See also buddha nature.
all-inclusive: 等 [tō], literally, equal.
all-inclusive study: 遍參 [henzan]. 1. Visiting and studying with masters in various places. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, realizing the entire teaching of the buddha by penetrating a single dharma.
All-Inclusive Study: 遍參 [Henzan]. Sixty-second fascicle of this book.
all over China: 九州 [kushū], literally, nine lands (of China).
all things. See also dharma.
aloeswood: 沈香 [jinkō], literally, sinking incense. Fine incense made of hardwood that sinks in water. Related to daphne shrub.
Alone above and below the heavens, I am the honored one: 天上天下唯我獨尊 [tenjō tenge yui ga dokuson]. Birth verse of Shākyamuni Buddha. According to legend, when he was born he took seven steps in each of the four directions, raised his right hand, and spoke these words.
altar, stūpa: 塔龕 [tōgan].
Amitābha. Buddha of Infinite Light. See Buddhas, Five.
Amitāyus. Buddha of Infinite Life, another name for Amitābha. See also Buddhas, Five.
Amoghasiddhi. See Buddhas, Five.
Āmrapāli Grove: Skt. 菴羅衞林 [Anrae Rin]. Grove of myrobalan (also translated as mango) fruit in the city of Vaishālī, central India. Known as a place where Shākyamuni Buddha often gave discourses.
amulet of protection: 護身符子 [goshin fusu].
analyze: 度量 [takuryō], literally, measure degree.
Ānanda: 阿難陀 [Ananda], 阿難 [Anan]. A cousin of Shākyamuni Buddha. Became his disciple and attendant. Known as the foremost learner of the Buddha’s teaching, who remembered and narrated the sūtras after the Buddha’s death. Dharma heir of Mahākāshyapa, and regarded as the Second Ancestor in the Zen tradition; and Mahākāshyapa; and Nanda; and Rāhula; and Shākyamuni Buddha.
Anavatapta Lake: 阿耨達池 [Anokudatsu Chi], 阿那婆達池 [Anabadatsu Chi]. A lake at the center of the world in Buddhist cosmology. Described in sūtras as always cool and refreshing without scorching heat.
Anavatapta Lake, Dragon King of: 阿那婆達多龍王 [Anabadatsuta Ryū Ō].
Anavatapta Lakes, four: 四阿耨達池 [shi Anokudatsu Chi]. Mystic lakes in the Northern Continent of Uttarakuru.
ancestor: 祖 [so]. 祖師 [soshi], literally, ancestor [so] teacher. An earlier teacher of the dharma lineage, who inherits and transmits dharma. Also called buddha ancestor. Sometimes translated as “patriarch.”
Ancestor: 祖師 [Soshi]. Sometimes indicates Bodhidharma.
ancestor, go beyond: See go beyond ancestor.
ancestor sickness: 祖病 [sobyō]. Hindrance of attachment to becoming a buddha and ancestor.
ancestors, five early Chinese: 東地五代 [tōchi go dai].
ancestors, surpassing the: 越祖 [osso]. See also go beyond ancestor.
ancient teaching: 古教 [kokyō].
Aniruddha: 阿那律 [Anaritsu]. One of the ten major disciples of Shākyamuni Buddha. A grandson of King Simhahanu, he left the household life with other members of Shākya Clan. Scolded by the Buddha for dozing while listening to discourse, he made a vow not to sleep and lost his eyesight, but attained celestial eyes.
annihilation: 斷滅 [dametsu], literally, cut off and destroy. Freedom from desire.
antagonist nods and smiles, even an: 怨家笑點頭 [onke shō tentō].
apparent. See also Ranks, Five.
appear spontaneously: 新成 [shinjō], literally, newly formed.
appears like a spirit and disappears like a demon: 神出鬼沒 [shinshutsu kibotsu], literally, spirits emerge and demons vanish.
approve: 許可 [kyoka].
area, back: 後架 [goka]. Added area behind the monks’ hall; sink behind the hall. Later meaning, toilet.
arhat: Also arhant. Skt., literally, worthy or venerable one. 阿羅漢 [arakan], 羅漢 [rakan]. A follower of the Buddha’s path who has attained nirvāna. Among the four fruits (achievements) of the way, arhatship was the ultimate goal in early (pre-Mahāyāna Buddhism).
Arhat: 阿羅漢 [Arakan]. Thirty-fifth fascicle of this book.
arhat fruit: 阿羅漢果 [arakan ka]. See arhat.
arise and fall, things that: 造次顛沛 [zōji tempai], literally, creating next and stumbling. Casual, temporary experience.
arise at this moment: 今有 [kon’u], literally, currently existing.
arise sequentially: 相待す [sōtai(-su)], literally, wait for each other. Aligned; to be separate; face one another.
arm is cut off: 断臂 [dampi]. See also Dazu Huike.
armband: 臂鞲 [hikō].
arms are long but the sleeves are short: 臂長衫袖短 [hi chō sanshū tan].
arms, extend one’s: 垂手 [suishu]. Reach out to guide (others).
Arousing the Aspiration for Enlightenment: 發菩提心 [Hotsu Bodai Shin]. Seventieth fascicle of this book.
Arousing the Aspiration for the Unsurpassable: 發無上心 [Hotsu Mujō Shin]. Sixty-ninth fascicle of this book.
arrive: 到 [tō]. To have complete experience.
arrive, not: 不到 [futō]. 未到 [mitō], literally, have not yet arrived. 1. To be not yet realized or experienced. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, not seen as different from arriving or having already arrived. To be free from arriving.
arrowhead and the shaft crush each other: 箭鋒相拄 [sempō sōshu]. A situation of being completely blocked.
art, excellent: 妙術 [myōjutsu]. Splendid method.
as: 時節 [jisetsu], literally, when . . . For example, “As all things are buddha dharma, there are del
usion, realization, practice, birth and death, buddhas and sentient beings” (“Actualizing the Fundamental Point”). The first word in other translations is usually when. But for Dōgen, “when . . .” can mean “all the time.”
as it is: 聻 [nii]. Just as it is without changing anything; just as they are. 如 是 [nyoze]. Thusness.
ascetic practices, twelve: 十二頭陀 [jūni zuda]. Skt., dhūta. Types of asceticism. See also fascicle 31a, “Continuous Practice, Part One.”
ash, cold. See also ash, dead.
ash, dead: 死灰 [shikai]. Meditation in complete stillness. 冷灰 [reikai], literally, cold ash.
Ashoka, (Great) King: 阿育王 [Aiku Ō], 阿育大王 [Aiku Daiō]. Third king of Maurya Empire in India, reigning ca. 270–230 B.C.E. After waging a brutal conquest, he realized the misery of war and stopped violent aggression. Ruled as a great supporter of Buddhism and sent missionaries to foreign lands. Shākyamuni Buddha’s year of birth and pari-nirvāna are counted back from Ashoka’s coronation dates according to the Pāli chronicles. Known through legendary biography of him, King Ashoka Sūtra, in premodern times.
Ashvaghosha: 馬鳴 [Memyō]. Twelfth Ancestor of the Zen tradition in India. Born into a wealthy home in Vārānasī but became a monk. The Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna, a very important text in East Asian Buddhism, though apocryphal, is mythically attributed to him.
ask for a turning word: See turning word, ask for a.
aspiration: 志気 [shiiki], literally, spirit of determination.
aspiration for enlightenment: See enlightenment, aspiration for.
aspiration, initial: 初一念 [shoichinen].
aspiration, joyful: 欣求 [gonku].
asura: Skt. 阿修羅 [ashura]. Fierce and wrathful deity or fighting spirit. Three heads and eight arms, 三頭八臂 [sanzu happi]. See also paths, six; guardians, eight types of.
Assaji: 阿濕卑 [Ashippi]. See also monks, five.
assembly: 會 [e]. Community of dharma practitioners. 衆 [shu], 一衆 [isshu]. Literally, gathering.
assembly, harmonious: 和合衆 [wagōju], literally, harmonious and united gathering.
Treasury of the True Dharma Eye Page 106
