bodhisattva: Skt. Transliteration: 菩提薩埵 [bodaisatta]. Abbreviated as 菩薩 [bosatsu]. 1. In early Buddhism, a former life of the Buddha who endeavors to become a buddha in a future birth. 2. Later in Mahāyāna Buddhism, a seeker of enlightenment (bodhi) who dedicates his or her life to awakening others and practicing the pāramitās (realizations), and who is destined to become a buddha. The bodhisattva in this sense is regarded as an ideal practitioner of dharma.
Bodhisattva, Moonlight: 月光菩薩 [Gakkō Bosatsu]. Skt., Chandraprabha. Commonly known as attendant of Medicine Buddha.
Bodhisattva, Prajñā Kūta: 智積菩薩 [Chishaku Bosatsu]. A speaker in the Lotus Sūtra who had dialogue with Mañjushrī.
Bodhisattva, Pure Light: 光淨菩薩 [Kōjō Bosatsu]. Skt., Prabhāsvara. Identified as Confucius in the Sūtra of Pure Dharma Conduct.
Bodhisattva, Vajragarbha: 金剛藏菩薩 [Kongōzō Bosatsu]. A deity who conveys Vairochana’s universal enlightenment to sentient beings who raise the thought of enlightenment. Regarded as dharma heir of Vairochana, and as Second Ancestor of Esoteric Buddhism.
bodhisattva mahāsattva: Skt. 菩薩摩訶薩 [botatsu makasatsu]. Bodhisattva who is a great being.
bodhisattva of great compassion. See also Avalokiteshvara.
bodhisattva precepts: 菩薩戒 [bosatsu kai]. Mahāyāna precepts.
Bodhisattva Realization Protector: 護明菩薩 [Gomyō Bosatsu]. A former life of the Buddha.
Bodhisattva Vehicle. See also Vehicles, Three.
bodhisattva who is a candidate to be a buddha: 補處(の)菩薩 [fusho (no) bosatsu], literally, bodhisattva at the place (status) of replacement. 補處等覺 [fusho tōgaku], literally, one whose enlightenment is equal (to buddha’s) at the place of standing by. 一生補處(の)菩薩 [isshō fusho (no) bosatsu], literally, bodhisattva standing by only one lifetime (to be a buddha next lifetime).
Bodhisattva’s Four Methods of Guidance: 菩提薩埵四攝法 [Bodaisatta Shi Shōhō]. Forty-sixth fascicle of this book.
bodhisattvas, countless: 那由他衆 [nayuta shu], literally, niyuta people. Skt. niyuta: ten to the eleventh power.
bodhisattvas of the last ten stages approaching buddha’s enlightenment: 十地等 覺 [jitchi tōgaku], literally, ten grounds and equal enlightenment. See also bodhisattvas of the ten stages and three classes.
bodhisattvas of the ten stages and three classes: 十聖三賢 [jisshō sangen], literally, ten stages and three wise ones. According to Tiantai and Huayan doctrines, bodhisattvas are classified into the forty-two stages based on their maturity. The beginning thirty degrees are called three classes (ten stages of abiding, ten stages of practice, ten stages of dedication). The more advanced ten degrees are called the ten stages or the ten grounds. That makes forty stages. There are yet two more stages before becoming a buddha: stages of enlightenment equal to the Buddha’s and of inconceivable enlightenment.
bodies crushed and shattered: 粉碎其身 [funsai goshin].
bodies of all buddhas: 諸佛體 [sho buttai].
bodily presences, four: 四儀 [shigi]. The noble forms in everyday practice: walking, standing, sitting, and lying down.
body: 身 [shin]. 1. The material structure and substance of a human being. 2. Buddha body. 3. Truth itself.
body, all over the: 遍身 [henshin].
body, cast off the: 脱體 [dattai]. Drop away the body; become free from the body.
body, drop: 身沒 [shimbotsu], literally, disappear body.
body, drop away the: 棄身す [kishin-su]. To become free of attachment and preconceived ideas.
body, entire: 渾身 [konshin].
body, final: 最後身 [saigoshin]. The state of being free from rebirth. Body of an arhat; or in Mahāyāna, of a bodhisattva whose enlightenment is equal to Buddha’s.
body, form of the: 身相 [shinsō].
body, forthright: 直身 [jiki shin].
body, hiding the: 蔵身 [zōshin]. Dropping away body and mind; complete identity of teacher and student.
body, mind, and environs: 依正 [eshō]. 依報 [ehō], literally, dependence reward; plus正報 [shōhō], literally, right reward. The “dependence reward” is something the body and mind depend upon; land and the world. The “right reward” means body and mind.
body, place of turning the: 轉身處 [tenshin sho].
body, practice with the: 體究(す) [taikyū(-su)]. Embody or thoroughly take hold of what is essential.
body, see through with the: 體達(す) [taitatsu(-su)]. Realize through bodily experience.
body, short dharma: 短法身 [tan hosshin]. Dharma body is truth itself, which is manifested in the unique characteristics (such as shortness or tallness) of each person.
body, tall dharma: 長法身 [chō hosshin]. Dharma body is truth itself, which is manifested in the unique characteristics (such as shortness or tallness) of each person.
body, three parts of female: Anus, vagina, and mouth. Organs used for sexual activities according to the Precept Scripture.
body, true: 實體 [jittai]. True form. 眞實體 [shinjitsu tai].
body, true dharma: 眞法身 [shin hosshin].
body, true human: 眞實人體 [shinjitsu nintai]. See also buddha body.
body, turn: 轉身 [tenshin]. Become free of stagnation; have a breakthrough.
body, twirl one’s: 翻身 [honshin].
body, two parts of a male: Anus and penis. Organs used for sexual activities according to the Precept Scripture.
body, unconditioned: 清淨身 [shōjō shin], literally, pure body.
body and capacity, same: 同身同機 [dōshin dōki].
body and flap the brain, freely turn the: See turn the body and flap the brain, freely.
body and mind: 正報 [shōhō], literally, right reward. Pursued and fortunate effect from past action, meaning body and mind.
body and mind, drop away: 身心脱落す [shinjin datsuraku-su]. To become fully liberated.
body and mind, fully engage: 身心を擧ぐ [shinjin wo agu]. Literally, upholding body and mind.
body and mind are not separate: 身心一如 [shinjin ichinyo], literally, body and mind one thusness.
Body-and-Mind Study of the Way: 身心學道 [Shinjin Gakudō]. Thirty-eighth fascicle of this book.
body born from the mother: 孃生 [jōshō], literally, young woman birth.
body dimension: 身量 [shinryō].
body first and mind last: 身先心後 [shinsen shingo].
body is straight: 身直 [shinjiki].
body-mind: 身心 [shinjin]. Body and mind experienced as inseparable.
body reaches, wherever the: 通身 [tsūshin].
bones and marrow: 骨髓 [kotsuzui].
born together: 同生 [dōshō].
bound: 拘牽(せらる) [kōken(-se raru)].
boundary: 邊表 [hempyō], literally, superficial (views). 邊量 [henryō], literally, limited amount. 邊際 [henzai], environ. 際限 [saigen], literally, limited bound.
boundlessness: 空 [kū], literally, sky, emptiness.
bow: 禮拜 [raihai]. Prostrating oneself.
bow, hitting: 頓首拜 [tonshu hai].
bow, spread the bowing cloth and: 展坐具禮拜す [ten zagu raihai-su].
bow, standing: 問訊 [monjin], literally, inquiring or greeting. Bowing with hands together in front of the chest while standing. 曲躬す [kyokkyū-su]. literally, bend the body.
bowed to, one who is: 所禮 [shorei].
bowing, utmost: 最上禮 [saijōrei]. Bowing by hitting the floor with one’s head.
bowing cloth: 坐具 [zagu]. A rectangular patched cloth spread fully or half folded on the floor or bowing mat by an ordained person for full bowings (prostrations). It is folded into a strap and carried over the left forearm under the robe when not spread during a ceremony.
bowing cloth, fully spread the: 大展 [daiten], literally, great spread. The most formal way to make prostrations.
bowing cloth twice and make three formal bows,
spread the: See spread the bowing cloth twice and make three bows.
bowing down with the head touching the floor: 稽首拜 [keishu hai].
bowing mat: 拜席 [haishiki/hasshiki]. A straw mat placed on the floor in front of the altar, on which the officiant of a ceremony or service makes full bows to the enshrined image.
bowl, monk’s: 鉢盂 [hou/hatsuu].
bowl, same: 一盂 [ichi u], literally, one bowl.
bowls and utensils, eating: 鉢具 [hogu]. Used for meals and begging practice.
bows, indefinite: 不住拜 [fujū hai].
bows, make three formal: 三禮 [sanrai].
bows, nine formal: 九拜 [kyūhai]. Most formal bow on the floor over the spread bowing cloth.
bows, one who: 能禮 [nōrei].
bows, semiformal: 觸禮 [sokurei]. Placing the bowing cloth cross-folded on the floor and making a bow by touching the mat with forehead.
bows, spread the bowing cloth twice and make three: See spread the bowing cloth twice and make three bows.
Boxiang: See Wang Boxiang.
Brahmā Heaven: 梵天 [Bon Ten]. 梵世 [Bonse], literally, Brahmā World. Heaven where Brahmā resides. Heaven of purity.
Brahmā, King: See King Brahmā.
Brahmā World. See also Brahmā Heaven.
Brāhman: Skt. Transliteration: 婆羅門 [baramon]. A priest of the priest caste in Brāhmanism or Hinduism. 梵志 [bonshi], literally, seeker of Brahman, the Absolute.
Brāhman, a drunk: 醉婆羅門 [sui baramon].
Brāhman, Dīrghanakha: 長爪梵志 [Chōso Bonshi], literally, Long Nail Brāhman. Uncle of Shāriputra. As a Brāhman he made a vow not to cut his nails until he attained the way. He became one of the ten great disciples of the Buddha. Named Kushinagara, he was known as the best debater.
Brāhmanism: 婆羅門教 [Baramon Kyō]. Religious practice related to Vedas, prevalent in ancient India.
Brāhmanist Texts, Eighteen Large: 十八大經 [jūhachi daikyō]. Four Vedic scriptures, six supplementary scriptures, and eight commentaries.
brain, freely turn the body and flap the: See turn the body and flap the brain, freely.
branches and vines: 蔓枝 [manshi].
breaking an eggshell by pecking from the inside and outside at once: 啐啄の迅 機 [sottaku no jinki], literally, swift timing of spitting and pecking.
break away: 出離 [shutsuri].
break open. See also illuminate and break open.
breathing in: 入息 [nissoku].
breathing out: 出息 [shussoku].
breezes, freely circulates like the flowing: 轉風流 [ten fūryū].
brick, polishing a: 磨塼 [masen]. Just as polishing a brick does not make it into a mirror, sitting zazen with a desire to become a buddha will not make a person a buddha. Based on a story about Nanyue Huairang and Mazu Daoyi.
brightness comes meet it with brightness, when: 明頭來明頭打 [meitō rai meitō da]. Puhua’s words. Brightness represents duality.
brilliance and obscure traces, hide: 韜光晦跡 [tōkō kaiseki].
bring: 將來す [shōrai-su], literally, pull and come.
bring across. See also awakening.
bring forth: 拈來 [nenrai]. Take up; touch; quote.
bring here, take away: 擔來擔去 [tanrai tanko].
brings forth: 推出す [suishutsu-su], literally, push out.
brush, take up the: 援筆 [empitsu].
Budai: Gan Budai 憨布袋 [Kan Hotei], literally, Heavy Cloth Bag. d. 916, China. A fat-bellied person from Ming Region (Zhejiang). Wandering about and begging with all his possessions in a cloth bag, he later became a symbol of freedom and was regarded as an incarnation of Maitreya Bodhisattva.
buddha: Skt., literally, awakened one. 佛 [butsu; hotoke]. One who has attained unsurpassable, complete enlightenment and teaches others. One of the three treasures.
Buddha: 1. See Buddha, Shākyamuni. 2. An enlightened being described in scriptures. 3. Mythological or deified personification of enlightenment, i.e., Vairochana Buddha.
Buddha, accept: 佛信受 [butsu shinju], literally, trust and accept Buddha.
buddhas, active: 行佛 [gyōbutsu]. See also Awesome Presence of Active Buddha.
buddha, become a: 成佛 [jōbutsu]. 作佛 [sabutsu], literally, create a buddha. Attain buddhahood.
Buddha, bondage to: 佛縛 [butsubaku].
Buddha, Dīpankara: 定光佛 [Jōkō Butsu], literally, Solid Light Buddha. 然燈 如來 [Nentō Nyorai], literally, Lamp-Burning Tathāgata. A mystic Buddha said to be the first one to give a prediction of enlightenment to a bodhisattva, one of the former lives of Shākyamuni Buddha.
buddha, earlier: 前佛 [zembutsu].
Buddha, eighty appearances of the: 八十種好 [hachijisshu kō].
buddha, enter the realm of: 佛に入る [butsu ni iru].
buddha, everyone’s mind becomes: 是心作佛 [zeshin sabutsu].
buddha, go beyond: See go beyond buddha.
Buddha, Kanakamuni: 拘那含牟尼佛 [Kunagon’muni Butsu]. 金色仙 [Konjiki Sen], literally, Golden Sage. Fifth of the six mythological Buddhas among the Seven Original Buddhas.
Buddha, Kāshyapa: 迦葉佛 [Kashō Butsu], 迦葉波佛 [Kashōha Butsu]. 飲 光 [Inkō], literally, Drinking Light. Sixth and last of the mythological Buddhas among the Seven Original Buddhas. Regarded as the dharma teacher of Shākyamuni, the seventh Original Buddha.
buddha, kill: 殺佛 [satsubutsu]. Go beyond buddha.
Buddha, Krakucchanda: 拘留孫佛 [Kuruson Butsu]. 金仙人 [Kin Sennin], literally, Golden Wizard. Fourth of the six mythological Buddhas among the Seven Original Buddhas.
Buddha, Mahā Abhijñā Jñanā Abhibhū: 大通智勝佛 [Daitsū Chishō Butsu]. Buddha described in the Lotus Sūtra.
Buddha, Moon-Face: 月面佛 [Gachimen Butsu]. See also Buddha, Sun-Face.
buddha, not-: 非佛 [hibutsu]. Beyond buddha.
buddha, old: 古佛 [kobutsu]. Ancient buddha.
Buddha, Ratnakosha: 寶藏佛 [Hōzō Butsu]. One of the Buddhas to whom Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former lifetime.
buddha, realized: 證佛 [shōbutsu].
buddha, reward-body: See buddha body.
Buddha, Ruchi: 樓至佛 [Rōshi Butsu]. Last Buddha of the present eon.
Buddha, Shākyamuni: Ca. 566–ca. 486 B.C.E., according to Western and Indian scholarship. Many contemporary Japanese scholars support the dates ca. 448–ca. 368 B.C.E., based on the northern textual tradition. Dōgen’s understanding of the Buddha’s dates is 908–828; B.C.E. (Fascicle 23, “Buddha Nature,” gives a clue to the year of the Buddha’s attaining the way, which is calculated to be 878 B.C.E. Fascicle 31a, “Continuous Practice, Part One,” says the Buddha was thirty years old then and entered pari-nirvāna fifty years later.)
The founding teacher of Buddhism who taught in the plain along the Ganges, central to eastern part of northern India. Dōgen refers to him in a number of ways: Skt. Shākyamuni, 釋迦牟尼 [Shakamuni], literally, practitioner of silence from Shākya Clan. Family name, Gautama, 瞿曇 [Kudon]. Royal title, Prince Siddhārtha, 悉達太 子 [Shidda Taishi]. Also in Buddhism, Shākyamuni Tathāgata, 釋迦牟 尼如來 [Shakamuni Nyorai];Venerable Shākya, 釋尊 [Shakuson]. Particularly in Zen, Great Master Shākya, 釋迦大師 [Shaka Daishi]; Old Man Shākya, 釋迦老子 [Shaka Rōshi]; 釋迦老漢 [Shaka Rōkan]; Old Gautama, 老瞿曇 [Rō Kudon]. His honorary titles include: the Buddha, Tathāgata, and the World-Honored One.
Born in Kapilavastu (present-day central southern Nepal) as son of King Shuddhodana and Queen Māyā. Married Princess Yashodharā and had a son named Rāhula. Left the palace to seek the way, visited Brāhman teachers, sat alone and attained the way in Buddhagaya (currently called Bodhgaya), in the western part of the kingdom of Magadha. As the Buddha, he gave his first teaching (turn-ing of the dharma wheel) at Deer Park in Vārānasī, the central city of Brāhmanism, located in the northwest of Buddhagaya. For almost five decades he taught monks and nuns
as well as laypeople of all kinds. His summer retreats took place at Jeta Grove, Shrāvastī, in the kingdom of Kaushala. Vulture Peak in Magadha is often described in scriptures as the place where he gave dharma discourses. He entered pari-nirvāna in Kushinagara in the northwest of Magadha at age eighty.
After the Buddha’s death, his teachings were recalled and collected by his disciples and dharma descendants; centuries later these were recorded as scriptures. Buddhist scriptures developed in response to the needs of practitioners in each era. However, until modern scholarship started to develop in the nineteenth century, it was common for Buddhists, including Dōgen, to believe that all Buddhist sūtras were direct discourses of the Buddha himself.
In the Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition, the Buddha’s becoming enlightened simultaneously with the awakening of all sentient beings is emphasized. His enlightenment is seen as the result of his search in former lifetimes as a variety of beings called bodhisattvas. It is also seen as an inheritance of the universal enlightenment transmitted by his earlier buddhas; Shākyamuni is regarded as the last of the Seven Original Buddhas, six of whom are mythological. Inspired by his teaching, different types of deified Buddhas and their iconographic images, along with other deities, evolved in the Buddhist pantheon. According to the Zen tradition, he transmitted dharma to Mahākāshyapa, the First Ancestor.
Buddha, Sun-Face: 日面佛 [Nichimen Butsu]. According to the Buddhas’ Names Sūtra, Sun-Face Buddha lives for 1,800 years, while Moon-Face Buddha lives for one day and night. These Buddhas represent immeasurable time and short moments.
buddha, true: 眞佛 [shimbutsu].
Buddha, Universal Protection: 普守如來 [Fushu Nyorai]. One of the Buddhas to whom Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former lifetime.
Buddha, Vairochana: Skt. 毘盧遮那佛 [Birushana Butsu], 毘盧 [Biru]. Vairochana Tathāgata, 毘盧遮那如來 [Birushana Nyorai]. 盧舍那佛 [Rushana Butsu]. The dharma body buddha, manifestation of reality of the uni-verse; literally, illumination buddha. Called Mahā Vairochana Buddha in Esoteric Buddhism. See also Buddhas, Five; dharma body.
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