Dongshan Liangjie: 洞山良价 [Tōzan Ryōkai]. 807–869, China. Became a monk in childhood, studied extensively with teachers including Nanquan and Guishan. Later became dharma heir of Yunyan Tansheng, Qingyuan Line. Taught at Mount Dong, Rui Region (Jiangxi). Author of “Song of Precious Mirror Samādhi,” Baojing Sanmeike [Hōkyō Zammaika], the text that established the Five Ranks of the teaching, the philosophical underpinning of Caodong practice. Regarded as a founder of the Caodong School, one of the Five Schools of Chinese Zen. His posthumous name is Great Master Wuben, 悟本大師 [Gohon Daishi].
Dongshan School: 洞山宗 [Tōzan Shū].
donkey, blind: 瞎驢 [katsuro].
donkey and horse, herd: 餧驢餧馬 [iro iba].
donkey comes before and horse comes after: 驢前馬後漢 [rezen bago (no) kan], literally, one who is in front of a donkey and behind a horse. One who is not oneself.
donkey has not left, yet the horse has arrived: 驢事未去馬事到來 [roji miko baji tōrai]. Also reads: 驢事いまたおはらされとも馬事到來す [roji imada owara zare domo baji tōrai su]. While delusion has not left, enlightenment has arrived. Doing two things at once. Being inclusive and not divided.
donkey, fins of a: 驢腮 [rosai]. That which is invisible or impossible.
donkey, hoof of a: 驢馬の脚蹄 [roba no kyakutei]. Freedom from intellect and hierarchy.
donkey womb, enter into a: 生身入驢胎 [shōshin nyū rotai]; 入驢胎 [nyū rotai], literally, be reborn with a body in the womb of a donkey.
donor: 施主 [seshu].
dormitory, head of the: 寮主 [ryōshu].
doubt: 自魔 [jima], literally; self demon, self-killer.
doubt, ground of no: 不疑之地 [fugi no chi].
doubt, have a great: 大疑す [daigi-su].
doubtful: 不信 [fushin]. Lacking in trust.
dragon: 龍 [ryū]. Often represents an enlightened person. Same as true dragon.
dragon, blind female: 盲龍女 [mōryūnyo].
dragon, true: 眞龍 [shinryū]. True practitioner of dharma.
Dragon Gate: 龍門 [Ryūmon]. Rapids midway up the Huang River, where fish who pass are said to turn into dragons.
dragon head, snake tail: 龍頭蛇尾 [ryūtō dabi]. Usually meaning the beginning is not matched by what follows. For Dōgen a snake tail can be as powerful as a dragon head.
dragon king: 龍王 [ryūō].
dragon replaces, bones a: 龍の換るか骨 [ryū no kauru ga hone].
dragon song: Fresh, joyous, and vast awareness.
Dragon Song: 龍吟 [Ryūgin]. Sixty-fifth fascicle of this book.
dragons, hungry: 餓龍 [garyū].
dragons and elephants: 龍象 [ryūzō]. Excellent practitioners of dharma.
dream: 1. Illusory vision. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, direct and nondual experience of reality.
dream, actualize the: 證夢 [shōmu].
dream, phantom, and empty flower: [mugen kūge] 夢幻空華.
dreams, direct: 夢直 [muchoku].
drift: 流浪 [rurō].
drink tea and eat rice: 茶飯 [sahan], literally, tea and rice.
drop away: 脱落(す) [datsuraku(-su)]. Let go; be released. To experience complete freedom beyond delusion and enlightenment, with nonattachment to body and mind.
落處 [rakusho], literally, place of dropping. 1. To be stagnant, to be stuck with narrow views. 2. To be in a state of complete freedom.
drop off facility: 落便宜 [raku bengi]. Drop away initial understanding.
drops off completely, skin: 皮膚脱落盡 [hifu datsuraku jin]. Experiencing freedom from body.
drum, big: 法鼓 [hōku]. literally, dharma drum.
dualism, barrier of: 兩重關 [ryōjūkan], literally, heavy barrier of two.
duck: 鴛鴦 [en’ō].
dullness: 昏昧 [kommai].
dumbfounded: 茫然 [bōzen]. Astonished; gone blank.
Duofu: 多福 [Tafuku]. Ca. ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Zhaozhou Congshen, Nanyue Line. Taught in Hang Region (Zhejiang).
dushkrita: Skt. Transliteration: 突吉羅 [tokira]. Light wrongdoing, for which repentance may be made to oneself or another sangha member.
dust, extra speck of: 客塵 [kakujin]. Delusion that comes from outside.
dust, red: 紅塵 [kōjin]. Worldly matter.
dusts, six: 六塵 [rokujin]. Objects of the six senses: form, sound, smell, taste, touch, and mind.
dynamic work. See also activity.
ear, celestial. See also miraculous powers, six.
early morning zazen: 朝參 [chōsan].
earth deity, shrine of the local: 土地堂 [tochi dō].
earth, emerge from the: See emerge from the earth.
earthworm: 蚯蚓 [kyūin].
east mountains travel on water: See water, east mountains travel on.
Eating Bowl: 鉢孟 [Hou]. Seventy-eighth fascicle of this book.
effect(s): See action(s) that nurture different types of effect(s).
effect, realize: 感果 [kanka]. Experience the effect.
effect, true: 實果 [jikka].
effective: 得益あり [tokuyaku ari], literally, having benefit.
effort: ちから [chikara], literally, strength, power. 功夫 [kufū]. Practice. 精進 [shōjin]. Vigor.
effort, accumulate: 積功 [shakku].
effort, complete:. See also actualization, complete.
efforts, four right: 四正勤 [shishōgon]. Not arousing an unwholesome action that has not arisen, stopping an unwholesome action that has arisen, arousing a wholesome action that has not arisen, and allowing a wholesome action that has arisen to increase.
Ehu Zhifu: 鵞湖智孚 [Gako Chifu]. Ca. ninth–tenth century, China. Student of Xuefeng Yicun, Qingyuan Line. Biography unknown.
Eight Awakenings of Great Beings: 八大人覺 [Hachi Dainin Gaku]. Eighty-fourth fascicle of this book.
eight or nine out of ten are accomplished before questioning: 機先の八九成あり [kisen no hakkujō ari].
eight- or sixteen-foot body: 丈六八尺 [jōroku hasshaku]. Shākyamuni Buddha is characterized as being sixteen feet tall when standing and eight feet tall when sitting.
eight precepts: See precepts, eight.
Eight Seas: See Seas, Eight.
eight types of karma: 八種の業 [hasshu no gō]. Each of the following four types of karma is divided into two categories: matured result is definite and indefinite. (1) Effect received in this lifetime. (2) Effect received in the next lifetime. (3) Effect received in the lifetime(s) after next. (4) Effect received in an indefinite lifetime.
eighteen items: See items, eighteen.
Eighteen Large Brāhmanist Texts: See Brāhmanist Texts, Eighteen Large.
eightfold noble path: See path, eightfold noble.
eighty-four thousand: 八万四千 [hachiman shisen]. A commonly used number in Buddhism to indicate a great many.
Eihei: 永平. Dōgen referred to himself as Eihei after the Daibutsu Monastery was renamed Eihei (Eternal Peace) Monastery in 1246.
Eihei Dōgen: 永平道元. See also Editor’s Introduction and “Texts in Relation to Dogen’s Life” for Dōgen’s biography and main writings: Treasury of the True Dharma Eye: 正法眼藏 [Shōbō Genzō]. (See also Treasury of the True Dharma Eye.) Other major writings of Dōgen’s are: 1. “Recommending Zazen to All People,” 普勸坐禪儀 [Fukan Zazen Gi] (see appendix 1). 2. Extensive Record of Priest Eihei Dōgen, 永平道元和尚広録 (Eihei Dōgen Oshō Kōroku), also called Eihei Kōroku. A collection of Dōgen’s monastic guidelines, lectures, words, and poems compiled soon after his death by his students Sen’e, Ejō, and Gien. Published in 1672. 3. Monastic Guidelines of Eihei, 永平清規 (Eihei Shingi), formally called Monastic Guidelines of Dōgen Zenji, First Ancestor of the Sōto School, Japan. A collection of six texts of monastic rules, published in 1667. 4. Journal of My Study in China. Commonly known as Record of the Baoqing Era, 宝慶記 [Hōkyō Ki], a draft record of Dōg
en’s study with his teacher, Rujing. Discovered and edited by Ejō after Dōgen’s death. 5. Treasury of the True Dharma Eye, Record of Things Heard: 正 法眼藏随聞記 [Shōbō Genzō Zuimon-ki]. A collection of Dōgen’s informal evening talks recorded by Ejō during Katei Era (1235–1238), probably edited later by one of Ejō’s students.
Eihei Monastery: 永平寺 [Eihei-ji]. Named in 1246. Formerly called Daibutsu Monastery. Zen training center in Shibi County, Echizen Province (present Fukui Prefecture), Japan, founded by Dōgen. Eihei—literally, eternal peace; Japanese transliteration of Yongping, an era in the Later Han Dynasty, 58–75, when Buddhism was officially introduced to China. Its “mountain name” is 吉祥山 [Kichijō Zan], literally, Auspicious Mountain.
Eisai: See Myōan Eisai.
Ekottarika Āgama Sūtra: 増一阿含經 [Zōichi Agon Kyō]. Sanskrit version of one of the Āgama Sūtras—early Buddhist scriptures. Translated into Chinese. Ekota means increasing by one. In this sūtra, ungrouped terms, as well as those classified in groups of two, three, and so on, up to eleven, are explained.
elder: 耆年老宿 [ginen rōshuku], literally, elderly person, old teacher.
elements or objects: 大塵 [daijin], literally, great dust. Four great elements, plus five skandhas.
elements, five: 五行 [gogyō]. 五才[gosai]. Ancient Chinese classification: wood, fire, soil, metal, and water.
elements, five great: 五大 [godai]. Ancient Indian classification: earth, water, fire, air, and space.
elements, four great: 四大 [shidai]. Ancient Indian classification: earth, water, fire, and air.
elements, six great: 六大 [rokudai]. Ancient Indian classification: earth, water, fire, air, space, and consciousness.
elements, three: 三才 [sansai]. Ancient Chinese classification: heaven, earth, and humans.
elucidate: 解説 [gesetsu].
emancipated right where one is: 當處解脱 [tōjo gedatsu].
emancipation: 解脱 [gedatsu]. Liberation. Freedom from bondage, like a fish escaping the net. Liberation from delusion or suffering.
emancipation, eight types of: 八解脱 [hachi gedatsu]. Steps of meditation toward freedom from attachment: (1) See all things as impure and reduce desire. (2) Reduce attachment to external phenomena. (3) Avoid giving rise to illusion. (4) Contemplate boundless space transcending all form. (5) Contemplate boundless consciousness. (6) Contemplate nonsubstantiality. (7) Contemplate the state beyond thought. (8) Attain a state where all mental activity ceases.
emancipation, gate of: 解脱門 [gedatsu mon]. Also translated as gate of liberation.
emancipation, state of great: 大解脱地 [daigedatsu chi].
embody, originally: 本具す [hongu-su].
emerge from the earth: 地涌 [chiyū].
emotion: 汗栗多心 [karida shin]. Transliteration of Skt. hridaya, heart.
emotions arise wisdom is pushed aside, while: 情生智隔 [jōshō chikyaku].
Emperor Dai: 代宗 [Daisō]. Eighth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 762–779.
Emperor Gao: 高宗 [Kōsō]. Third Emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 649–683.
Emperor Guangwu: 光武皇帝 [Kōbu Kōtei]. First Emperor of the Later Han Dynasty, China. Reigned 25–57.
Emperor Jing: 敬宗 [Keisō]. Thirteenth emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 824–826.
Emperor Kimmei: 欽明天皇 [Kimmei Tennō]. 509–571, Japan. Reigned 539–571. Buddhism was officially introduced shortly before or during his reign.
Emperor Mu: 穆宗 [Bokusō]. Twelfth emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 820–824.
Emperor Ning: 寧宗 [Neisō]. 1168–1224, China. 嘉定聖主 [Katei Shōshu] /嘉定の皇帝 [Katei no Kōtei], meaning Emperor in the Jiading Era. Fourth emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, China. Reigned 1194–1224. Ning is his posthumous name; named after the era of his reign, as customary in East Asia.
Emperor of Wei: 魏主 [Gi Shu]. The ruler of Wei when Bodhidharma arrived in the northern country of Wei was Emperor Xiaoming (reigned 516–528).
Emperor Ren: 仁宗皇帝 [Jinsō Kōtei]. Fourth emperor of Northern Song Dynasty, China. Reigned 1022–1063.
Emperor Shōmu: 聖武天皇 [Shōmu Tennō], 聖武皇帝 [Shōmu Kōtei]. 701–756, Japan. Reigned 724–749. A great supporter of Buddhism. Sponsored the construction of Tōdai Monastery with the gigantic image of Vairochana Buddha in Nara.
Emperor Shun: 舜 [Shun]. A legendary virtuous ruler of ancient China. Regarded as the successor of Emperor Yao.
Emperor Shun: 順宗 [Junsō]. Tenth emperor of the Tang Dynasty China. Reigned in 805.
Emperor Su: 肅宗 [Shukusō]. Seventh emperor of the Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 756–762.
Emperor Tai: 太宗 [Taisō]. 598–649, China. Second emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Reigned 626–649. Supported the translation project of the Buddhist canon from Sanskrit to Chinese, headed by Xuanzong, who had traveled to India and brought back a number of scriptures.
Emperor Tai: 太祖 [Taiso]. 155–220, China. Called Caocao while alive. Founder of the northern kingdom of Wei. His successor, Emperor Wen, the first monarch of Wei, gave him this posthumous title. Also called Emperor Wu.
Emperor Wen: 文宗 [Bunsō]. Fourteenth emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 826–840.
Emperor Wu: 武宗 [Busō]. Fifteenth emperor of Tang Dynasty. Reigned 840–846. Oppressed Buddhism during his reign.
Emperor Wu of Liang: 梁武帝 [Ryō Butei]. Founder of the southern kingdom of Liang. Reigned 502–549. Regarded as one who had a dialogue with Bodhidharma upon his arrival in China.
Emperor Xian: 憲宗 [Kensō]. Eleventh emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 805–820.
Emperor Xiaoming: 孝明皇帝 [Kōmei Kōtei]. Second emperor of Later Han Dynasty. Reigned 57–75. He sent a messenger to India to invite monks, which resulted in the first official introduction of Buddhism to China in 67.
Emperor Xuan: 宣宗 [Sensō]. Sixteenth emperor of Tang Dynasty. Reigned 846–859. Treated brutally by his brother Emperor Wu, he left the palace and became a wanderer. As Monk Dazong, he studied with Xiangyan Zhixian, Guiyang School. After ascension, he abolished Wu’s persecution of Buddhism.
EmperorYang of the Sui Dynasty: 隋の煬帝 [Zui no Yōdai]. Second emperor of the Sui Dynasty, China. Reigned 604–618.
Emperor Yao: 堯 [Gyō]. Legendary virtuous ruler of ancient China.
Emperor Yōmei: 用明天皇 [Yōmei Tennō]. d. 587, Japan. Reigned 585–587. There was a major conflict among his retainers whether to support Buddhism or stay with the indigenous belief, Shintoism.
Emperor Zong: 中宗 [Chūsō]. Fourth and seventh emperor of Tang Dynasty, China. Reigned 683–684 and 705–710.
Emperor, Yellow: 黄帝 [Kōtei]. Legendary ruler of ancient China. Regarded as creator of the calendar, music, literature, and medicine.
Emperors, Five: 五帝 [gotei]. Heavenly rulers of four directions, plus Yellow Emperor in the center. The four rulers are: Green Emperor (east, in charge of spring), Red or Flame (south, summer), White (west, autumn), and Black (north, winter). There are other lists, too.
emptiness: 空 [kū], literally, sky. Skt., shūnyatā, literally, zeroness. Formless, boundless, and nonseparate nature of all things. Space, void. Also, illusory.
emptiness, a piece of rock hanging in: See rock hanging in emptiness, a piece of.
emptiness, flower of: 空華 [kūge]. Also, flower in the sky.
emptiness, gate of: 空門 [kūmon].
emptiness, twenty types of: 二十空 [nijukkū]. Aspects of emptiness (shūnyatā): (1) Internal emptiness. (2) External emptiness. (3) Internal and external emptiness. (4) Emptiness of emptiness. (5) Great emptiness (that of the four noble truths and twelvefold causation). (6) Lesser emptiness (that of four fruits). (7) Emptiness of truth. (8) Emptiness of conditional form. (9) Emptiness of unconditional elements. (10) Absolute emptiness. (11) Unoriginated emptiness. (12) Caused form emptiness. (13) Unchangeable form emptiness. (14) Original nature empt
iness. (15) Self-form emptiness. (16) Common form emptiness. (17) All existences emptiness. (18) Unobtainable emptiness. (19) Non-nature emptiness. (20) Self-nature emptiness.
empty, originally: 性空寂 [shō kūjaku], literally, (self) nature is empty and serene.
empty and serene: 空寂 [kūjaku].
Empty Eon, King of the: 威音王 [Ion Ō], 威音王佛 [Ion Ō Butsu]. The four stages in a world cycle are: becoming, abiding, decaying, and empty. The buddha who appears in the Empty Eon is called the King of the Empty Eon or King of Emptiness, 空王 [Kū Ō], king of beginningless kalpa 空劫 [kūgō]. Regarded as symbol of the original face.
encompass: 覆藏す [fukuzō-su], literally, cover and store. 蓋 [gai], literally, cover. 嚢括 [nōkatsu], literally, bag and bind.
encompass, fully: 正當覆藏 [shōtō fukuzō], literally, exactly covering and treasuring.
encounter: 相見(す) [shōken(-su)], literally, seeing each other. 相逢 [sōhō], literally, meeting each other. 1. Dualistic opposition. 2. Meeting between teacher and disciple. 3. Understanding.
encountering Buddha: 値佛 [chi butsu].
encourage: 誨勵 [kairei].
end of the break from zazen: 放參罷 [hōsan ha].
end of the practice for the day: 放參 [hōsan]. Also, a day of rest from scheduled monastic activities.
endeavor of the way, concentrated: See way, concentrated endeavor of the.
endeavor, conscious: 心意識 [shin’ishiki].
enemy: 讐家 [shūke].
enjoyment and ease: 大安樂 [dai anraku], literally, great ease and bliss.
enjoyment, four practices of: 四安樂行 [shi anraku gyō]. Taught in Lotus Sūtra. (1) Wholesome action by the body. (2) Wholesome action by speech. (3) Wholesome action by mind. (4) Vow to awaken sentient beings.
enlighten: 證(す) [shō(su)].
enlightened, naturally: 性覺 [shōkaku].
enlightenment: Skt. bodhi. Awakening. Transliteration: 菩提 [bodai]. Translation: 覺 [kaku] (awakening); 悟/さとり[go/satori] (enlightenment, realization); 證 [shō] (enlightenment, realization); 道 [dō] (way, enlight-enment). 1. Shākyamuni Buddha’s great realization under the bodhi tree. 2. Original manifestation of buddha nature, inseparable from practice. 3. Fundamental awareness of reality beyond dualism. 4. Sudden and direct experience of reality, which is often sought as a goal separate from practice. Dōgen emphasizes that one must go beyond enlightenment in this sense.
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