kalpas, limitless: 長劫 [chōgō], literally, long kalpas. Timeless eon.
Kānadeva: 迦那提婆 [Kanadaiba], literally, One-Eyed Deva. Originally a Brāhman from southern India. Fifteenth Ancestor of Zen tradition as successor of Nāgārjuna. Resented and killed by those outside the way.
Kanakamuni Buddha: See Buddha, Kanakamuni.
Kannondōri-in: See Kōshō Hōrin Monastery.
Kānyakubja: 曲女城 [Kyokunyo Jō]. A city on the upper part of the Ganges in central northern India (Uttar Pradesh). Sometimes regarded as the place where Shākyamuni Buddha descended from the Heaven of Thirty-three Devas (Tushita Heaven) above Mount Sumeru.
Kapilavastu: 迦毘羅衞 [Kabirae], literally, town of Kapila, center of Shākya Clan’s region (present-day central southern Nepal, bordering India). Siddhārtha’s father, King Shuddodana, ruled this region. Lumbinī Garden, where Siddhārtha was born, is in the western side of the town.
Kapimala: 迦毘摩羅 [Kabimara/Kabimora]. Monk from Magadha. As Thirteenth Ancestor of the Zen tradition, he taught in southern and western India. Regarded as Nāgārjuna’s teacher.
karavinka: Skt. Also, kalavinka. 迦陵頻伽 [karyōbinga], 頻伽 [binga]. Mythical bird who sings with celestial voice.
karma: Skt. 業 [gō]. Action; visible or invisible effect of action.
karma, collective: 引業 [ingō]. Karma that brings forth a common form, such as a human being.
karma, driven by: 業にひかる [gō ni hikaru], literally, pulled by karma.
karma, hindrance of: 業障 [gosshō].
karma, individual: 滿業 [mangō]. Karma that brings forth individual differences.
karma, practice, body-mind, and environs: 業道依正 [gōdō eshō]. 業道 [gōdō], literally, karma way. See also body, mind, and environs.
karma consciousness: 業識 [gosshiki]. Action consciousness; consciousness resulting from past deluded action; total ignorance.
karma consciousness, vast: 業識茫茫 [gosshiki bōbō].
Karma in the Three Periods: 三時業 [Sanji Gō]. Eighty-fifth fascicle of this book.
karma-formations: See causation, twelvefold. karmic results: 果報 [kahō], literally, effect reward. 業報 [gōhō], literally, karma reward.
kāshāya: Skt. Transliteration: 袈裟 [kesa]. お袈裟 [okesa], an honorific Japanese spoken expression. 衲衣 [nōe], literally, patched robe. A patched robe worn over one shoulder by a Buddhist monk or nun. Shoulder robe. Also represents a monk or nun.
kāshāya, three types of: 三衣 [sanne]. 三法衣 [sanhō’e], three dharma robes. (1) Great robe, most formal robe; Skt., sanghātī, 僧伽梨衣 [sōgyari’e]. 大 袈裟 [daikesa]. Consists of nine to twenty-five panels. (2) Formal robe; Skt., uttarāsangha: 嗢呾羅僧伽衣 [uttarasōgya’e]. Consists of seven panels. (3) Indoor robe, informal robe, minor robe; Skt. antarvāsa, 安陀衣 [anda’e]. Consists of five panels. 中著衣 [chūjaku’e]. See also fascicle 46, “Power of the Robe.”
kāshāya, wear the: 搭袈裟 [takkesa]. To put on the Buddhist shoulder robe.
Kāshyapa Bodhisattva: 迦葉菩薩 [Kashō Bosatsu]. Mahākāshyapa.
Kāshyapa Buddha: See Buddha, Kāshyapa.
Kaundinya: 憍陳如 [Kyōjinnyo]. 1. Ājñātakaundinya, one of the first disciples of the Buddha. 2. Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former lifetime to many Buddhas with this name.
Kaushala: Skt. 拘薩羅國 [Kōsara Koku / Kyōsatsura Koku], literally, country of Kaushala or Kosala. A large ancient kingdom on the Ganges, in central northern India near Nepal (Uttar Pradesh). West of the kingdom of Maghada; northwest of the kingdom of Kāshi; southwest of the region of the Shākya Clan. Shrāvastī was its capital, where King Prasenajit ruled during Shākyamuni Buddha’s time. Jeta Grove, where the Buddha’s community retreated in summer, is in the south of Shrāvastī.
Kausika: 憍尸迦 [Kyōshika]. Another name for Indra.
keep it in mind: 心術とす [jinjutsu to su], literally, make it mind art.
keep precept: 持戒 [jikai]. One of the six pāramitās.
Kefu: See Zhiyi Kefu.
Keqin: See Yuanwu Keqin.
Kewen: See Zhenjing Kewen. key to this barrier: 關棙(子) [kanrei(su)]. Key point, essential matter, mechanism of time.
kind speech: 愛語 [aigo]. One of the bodhisattva’s four methods of guidance. See also fascicle 46. “Bodhisattva’s Four Methods of Guidance.”
kindness, fields of: 恩田 [onden].
King Ajātashatru: 阿闍世王 [Ajase Ō]. Son of King Bimbisāra of Maghada, one of the sixteen kingdoms of India during the time of Shākyamuni Buddha. Ajātashatru became king by poisoning his father, who later died in prison. He agonized over his crime but reached peace of mind by taking refuge in the Buddha’s teaching. He supported the first assembling of the sūtras soon after the Buddha’s pari-nirvāna.
King Brahmā: 梵王 [Bonnō]. Brahmā Deva 梵天 [Bon Ten]. Great Brahmā King, 大梵王 [Dai Bonnō]. Highest god of Brāhmanism. Regarded as one of the former lives of the Buddha, an initial listener of the Buddha’s discourse, and a guardian deity who protects Buddhist teachings.
King Gridra: 吉利王 [Kitsuri Ō]. Mythological king at the time of Kāshyapa Buddha.
King Kanishka: 迦膩色迦王 [Kanishika Ō]. Ca. second century, India. King of Gandhāra. A great supporter of buddha dharma. Studied with Pārshva and Ashvaghosha, ancestors of Zen.
King of Samādhis: 三昧王三昧 [Sammai Ō Zammai]. Literally, samādhi that is king of samādhis. Seventy-second fascicle of this book.
King Prasenajit: 波斯匿王 [Hashinoku Ō]. Monarch of Kaushala, a large nation in central northern India near Nepal, who lived in the city of Shrāvastī. About the same age as the Buddha, he was a devoted follower and great supporter of Shākyamuni Buddha and his community. But he was ousted by his son Prince Virūdhaka and died in misery while the Buddha was alive.
King Ratnabyūha: 寶莊嚴王 [Hōshōgon Ō]. King in Shrāvastī of the ancient Indian kingdom of Kaushala. Father of Sanghānandi, the Seventeenth Ancestor.
King Shuddhodana: 淨飯王 [Jōbonnō]. Monarch of the Shākya Clan, based in Kapilavastu (present-day central southern Nepal, bordering India). The first son of King Simhahanu. Father of Siddhārtha by Queen Māyā. He is also the father of Nanda by Queen Mahāprajāpatī, whom he married after the death of Māyā.
King Simhahanu: 師子頬王 [Shishikyō Ō]. Monarch of Shākya Clan, based in Kapilavastu, ancient India. Father of King Shuddhodana. Grandfather of Siddhārtha.
King Subhavyūha: 妙莊嚴王 [Myōshōgon Ō], literally, Wondrously Adorned King. One who was told about his former life story in the Lotus Sūtra by Jaradhara Garjita Ghosha Susvara Nakshatra Rāja Sankusumitābhijña Buddha.
King Wants the Saindhava: 王索仙陀婆 [Ō Saku Sendaba]. Eighty-first fascicle of this book.
King Wen: 文王 [Bunnō]. Ca. eleventh century B.C.E., China. Xibai Chang, 西伯昌 [Seihaku Shō]. Xibai is his title as head of lords in western China. After his death, his son King Wu defeated Empire of Yan and founded Zhou Dynasty. His posthumous name is King Wen of Zhou.
king, wheel-turning/King, Wheel-Turning: 轉輪王 [tenrinnō]. 輪王 [rinnō]. See dharma wheel. 轉輪聖王 [tenrin jō-ō], literally, wheel-turning sacred king.
kingfisher: 翡翠 [hisui].
Kings, Three: 三皇 [sankō]. Mythological rulers of China—emperors of heaven, earth, and humans.
kinnara: Skt. See also guardians, eight types of.
kitchen: 庫院 [kuin], literally, storehouse. 香積局 [kōjaku kyoku], literally, place of accumulating fragrance.
kitchen assistant: 陪饌役送 [baisen ekisō], literally, assisting to cook and serve up.
kneeling: 長跪 [chōki], literally, kneeling tall.
knot and wood grain: 節目 [setsumoku]. Also, nodes in bamboo or knots in wood. Concepts and theories.
know, intuitively: 靈知す [reichi-su], literally, know with spirit.
know and trust: 決定信解す [ketsujō
shinge-su], literally, determine and resolve with faith.
Knower of the World: 世間解 [Seken Ge]. One of the ten primary names of the Buddha.
knowing, beyond: 未識 [mishiki], literally, not yet know.
knowing, correct pervasive: 正遍知 [shōhin chi].
knowing, seeing, understanding, and merging: 知見解會 [chiken ge’e].
knowledge: 知見 [chiken], literally, knowing and seeing.
knowledge, excellent: 善知識 [zenchishiki]. Also, teacher.
knowledge, three types of. See also miraculous powers, six.
kōan: J. 公案. 1. Fundamental point, first principle, truth that is experienced directly. 2. An exemplary story pointing to this realization. 3. Story used to lead students to experience this realization. Dōgen uses this word mainly in the first sense. Kōan is a Japanese transliteration of the Chinese gongan, which referred to official records or cases. The ideogram gong represents “official” or “public,” and an represents “a case at law” or “legal records.” Often Dōgen’s commentators interpret the first syllable as “universal” and the second as “particular.”
kōan, a: 一則公案 [issoku kōan]. A kōan case.
Kōen: 公圓. Ca. twelfth–thirteenth century, Japan. Seventieth Head Priest (Zasu) of Tendai School, based on Mount Hiei, in 1213. Around this time, Dōgen studied both Esoteric and Exoteric Buddhism with him.
Kōin: 公胤. d. 1216, Japan. Bishop and Head Priest of Onjō Monastery, Tendai School, Ōmi Province, east of Kyōto. In his young age, Dōgen received instruction from him.
Kokālika: 倶伽離 [Gukari/Kukari]. An associate of Devadatta. He became a follower of the Buddha along with Devadatta and other members of Shākya Clan. Later he tried to split the practicing community and fell into unceasing hell.
Kosala: Pāli. See Kaushala.
Kōshō Hōrin Monastery: 興聖寶林寺 [Kōshō Hōrin-ji]. Originally a temple called Kannondōri-in 觀音導利院, existed on the remains of An’yō-in 安養院, a part of Gokuraku Monastery 極楽寺 [Gokuraku-ji], located in Fukakusa, just south of Kyōto. Dōgen moved into this temple in added some buildings, and renamed it Kōshō Hōrin-ji in 1236. He retained the original name as its mountain name, or first name, so its full name became Kannondōri Kōshō Hōrin-ji 觀音導利興聖 寶林寺. (He also used 護國 [Gokoku], meaning “Protecting Nation,” as one of the monastery titles.) Dōgen lived there for eleven years until his community moved to Echizen. Since 1649, the site of this temple has been in Uji, further south of Fukakusa.
Koun Ejō, Japan. 孤雲懷弉 After studying Zen with Kakuan of the Japan Daruma School, he became Dōgen’s student in 1234 and, later, the first head monk. As the most advanced student, he assisted Dōgen, edited many of his writings, and became his dharma heir. He was appointed second abbot of the Eihei Monastery by Dōgen in 1253.
Krakucchanda Buddha: See Buddha, Krakucchanda.
Kuangren: See Sushan Guangren.
Kumāralabdha: 鳩摩羅多 [Kumorata]. Originally a Brāhman, he became a monk and Nineteenth Ancestor of the Zen tradition in India.
kumbhānda: Skt. 狗辨荼 [kuhanda]. Demon who flies like wind and consumes human spirits.
Kumu Facheng: 枯木法成 [Koboku Hōjō]. 1071–1128, China. Also called Jingyin Facheng. Became dharma heir of Furong Daokai, Caodong School, on Mount Dahong, Sui Region (Hubei). Accompanied Daokai when he moved to Jingyin Monastery, Dongjing (Henan). Later became its abbot. He was called Kumu, meaning “tree stump,” because of his devotion to sitting in silent meditation day and night, as he had learned to do from his teacher, Shishuang Qingzhu. Kumu was one of the teachers of Hongzhi Zhengjiao and inspired his emphasis on “silent illumination Zen,” which later became the defining practice of the Caodong School. His posthumous name is Great Master Puzheng, 普證大師 [Fushō Daishi].
Laborer Huineng: See also Dajian Huineng.
lacquer, bucket of pitch-black: 黒漆桶 [koku shittsū]. Complete darkness, ignorance.
lake without heat: 無熱池 [munetsu chi]. 無熱惱池 [munetsunō chi], literally, lake of no suffering from heat.
lamp: 燈 [tō]. Represents dharma that is transmitted.
land of eternal serene light: 常寂光土 [jōjakkō do].
land on earth, not an inch of: 大地無寸土 [daichi mu sundo].
Land View Pavilion: 望州亭 [Bōshū Tei]. Located in Mount Xuefeng, Fu Region (Fujian). Known for its excellent view. See also Crow Stone Peak.
language, intimate: 密語 [mitsugo], literally, secret words.
Langye Huijiao: 瑯瑘慧覺 [Rōya Ekaku]. Ca. tenth–eleventh century, China. Dharma heir of Fenyang Shanzhao, Linji School. Taught at Mount Langye, Chu Region (Anhui). Langye decided to become a monk after visiting an ancient monastery at the top of Mount Yao and feeling as though he already knew the place. His teachings and those of Master Xuedou Chongxian were known as “the two gates of sweet dew.” Given the title Zen Master Guangzhao 廣照禪師 [Kōshō Zenji].
lantern: 燈籠 [tōrō]. Originally a bamboo container for a lamp with paper at the sides. Often represents insentient being.
Laozi: 老子 [Rōshi]. Ca. sixth–fifth century, China. Sage regarded as founder of Daoism. Attributed author of the Daoist classic Daode Jing (Tao-te Ching), “The Way and Its Power.”
lapels, pull open the: 開襟 [kaikin].
lapis lazuli: 瑠璃 [ruri].
last eon: 莊嚴劫 [shōgen kō], literally, kalpa of magnificence.
latecomer: 晩學 [bangagu], 後學 [kōgaku], literally, one who studies later. One who recently started. 晩進 [banshin], literally, one who advances afterward. 晩流 [banru], literally, later stream.
Later Han Dynasty: 後漢 [Gokan]. See also Han Dynasty.
laughing kills people: 笑也笑殺人 [shō ya shōsetsu nin].
lay men and women: 在俗の男女 [zaizoku no nannyo].
layperson: 俗人 [zokunin]. 白衣 [byakue], literally, white robe, as opposed to black robe representing a monk or nun.
Lazy An: See Changqing Da’an. leap, make the: 跳脱す [chōdatsu-su], literally, jump and drop away.
leap beyond: 一超す [itchō-su], literally, take one leap. See also go beyond.
leap beyond ancient and present: 透脱古今底 [chōdatsu kokon tei]. 底[tei] is a suffix meaning “that which is.”
leap into: 跳入 [chōnyū].
leap out: 跳出 [chōshutsu]. Leap clear. Become free.
leap over: 参跳 [sanchō], literally, study and jump. 跳翻 [chōhon], literally, jump and flap.
learn from the ancients: 稽古 [keiko]. Revere and follow the ancient way, study the past. Also, ancient custom.
learn to do concentration: 習禪 [shūzen]. Step-by-step practice of learning meditation.
learning, extensive: 多聞 [tamon], literally, much hearing.
learnings, three: 三學 [sangaku]. Practice of precepts, samādhi, and prajñā.
Leave bondage behind: See go beyond.
leave no trace: 不留朕跡 [furyū chinshaku], literally, not leaving a sign of traces.
Leaving the Household: 出家 [Shukke]. Eighty-third fascicle of this book.
lecture: 講誦 [kōju].
lecture, informal: 陞座 [shinzo], literally, ascend the (teaching) seat.
lecture on scripture: 講經 [kōkyō].
lecturer: 講者 [kōsha]. 講師 [kōshi], literally, lecturing teacher. 座主 [zasu], literally, head of seats. One who teaches Buddhist scriptures.
leg, invisible: 失脚來 [shikkyaku rai], literally, lost leg comes.
legs, crossed: 累足 [ruisoku].
Leian Zhengshou: 雷庵正受 [Raian Shōju]. Ca. twelfth–thirteenth century, China. Compiler of Jiatai Record of the Universal Lamp. Advocated the accord of the Three Teachings (Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism).
leisurely person: 閑道人 [kandōnin], literally, leisurely way person.
Lesser Vehicles: See also Vehicles, Three.
Letan Zhantang: See Zhantang We
nzhun.
let flow, freely: 通暢す [tsūchō-su].
let go: 放 [hō]. 捨 [sha], literally, throw away. 失 [shitsu], literally, lose. 放行 [hō gyō], literally, practice letting go. 拈放 [nempō], literally, take up and let go. 雙放す [sōhō-su], literally, let go both.
level, ultimate: 究竟位 [kukyōi].
level balance: 平平 [heihei], literally, even and even.
li: C. 里 [ri]. Measuring unit. One li was approximately 559.8 meters (0.348 miles) in Tang Dynasty and 553 meters (0.343 miles) in Song Dynasty.
Li Fuma: 李駙馬 [Ri Fuba]. d. 1038, China. Government official. Studied with Guyin Yuncong, Linji School, and received seal of approval. Developed friendship with a number of Zen masters. Compiled Tiansheng Extensive Record of the Lamp during Tiansheng Era (1023–1032).
Li, Minister: See Minister Li.
liang: C. 兩 [ryō]. Measuring unit. One liang was approximately 37.3 grams (1.31 ounces) in Tang and Song dynasties. Sometimes we translate it as “ounce.”
Liang: See Xishan Liang.
Liang: 梁 [Ryō]. Southern kingdom of China, 502–557.
Liang, Lecturer: 亮座主 [Ryō Zasu]. Ca. eighth century, China. A student of Mazu Daoyi, Nanyue Line. After realization, he secluded himself on Mount Xi, Hong Region (Jiangxi).
Liangjie: See Dongshan Liangjie.
Liangshan Yuanguan: 梁山縁觀 [Ryōzan Enkan]. Ca. tenth century, China. Dharma heir of Tong’an Guanzhi, Caodong School. Taught at Mount Liang, Ding Region (Hunan).
Liaoran: See Moshan Liaoran.
Liaoyuan: See Fuyin Liaoyuan.
liberation, gate of: 解脱門 [gedatsu mon]. See also emancipation, gate of.
liberation, pure: 清淨解脱 [shōjō gedatsu].
librarian: 藏主 [zōsu].
life, before and after: 身先身後 [shinsen shingo]. Also, before and after this lifetime.
life, limited: 命者 [myōsha]. Those who live a transient life.
life, renounce worldly: 捨命 [shamyō].
life, vitalize: 活命 [katsumyō].
life root: 命根 [myōkon].
life span: 壽命 [jumyō].
life span, timeless: 壽量 [juryō]. Timeless activity.
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