hut, grass-roof: 草菴 [sōan].
hut, pounding: 碓房 [taibō].
Hutou Zhao: 虎頭昭 [Kotō Shō]. Ca. ninth–tenth century. A student of Xiangyan Zhixian. Biography unknown.
huts, residential: 菴内 [annai].
I am always intimate with this: 吾常於此切 [go jō o shi setsu].
I am originally in this land: 吾本來此土 [go honrai shi do].
icchantika: Skt. Abbreviated transliteration: 闡提 [sendai] 1. Someone who is unable or does not wish to become a buddha. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, a buddha who goes beyond buddha.
identify with and actualize: 信受奉行 [shinju bugyō], literally, accept dharma with trust and practice.
Identifying with Cause and Effect: 深信因果 [Shinjin Inga]. Ninetieth fascicle of this book.
identity action: 同事 [dōji], literally, same thing. One of the bodhisattva’s four methods of guidance. See also fascicle 46, “Bodhisattva’s Four Methods of Guidance.”
if the top of a stone is large, the bottom is large: 石頭大底大 [seki tō dai tei dai].
if the top of the stone is small, the bottom is small: 石頭小底小 [seki tō shō tei shō].
ignorance: Skt., avidyā, 無明 [mumyō]. See also causation, twelvefold.
ijing/Ijing: C. 易經 [eki kyō/ Eki Kyō]. Also, i-ching. Ancient Chinese philosophy on change and human actions, including methods of making predictions. Originally, Book of Changes.
illuminate: 開明す [kaimei-su], literally, open and clarify.
illuminate, auspiciously: 放光現瑞 [hōkō genzui].
illuminate all the ten directions, broadly: 遍照於十方 [henshō o jippō].
illuminate and break open: 照破 [shōha].
illumination: [kōmyō] 光明. See also Radiant Light.
illumination, splendid: 莊嚴光明 [shōgon kōmyō].
Illumination and Function, Four Positions of: 四照用 [shishōyū]. Linji’s teaching on Serenity—寂照 [jakushō] (essence) and its function: (1) Serenity first. (2) Function first. (3) Serenity and function are not simultaneous. (4) Serenity and function are simultaneous.
illusion: 妄法 [mōhō], literally, illusory dharma (thing).
illusion, no: 莫妄想 [maku mōzō].
images, sacred: 形像 [gyōzō].
imagine: 想憶 [sō’oku].
immature: 未練 [miren], literally, not yet kneaded.
immature person, foolish: 小獃子 [shōgaisu], literally, small, stupid person.
immediate: 直下 [jikige]. Directly beneath one’s feet.
immediately: 忽爾 [kotsuji]. 驀地 [makuchi]. 地 [chi/ji] is a suffix with no special meaning.
immersed: 礙 [ge]. See hindrance.
immersed, totally: 埋沒す [maibotsu-su], literally, buried.
immovability: 不動著 [fudōjaku]. 著 [chaku/jaku] is a suffix with no special meaning.
imperial advisor: 供奉 [gubu].
impermanence of all things: 諸行無常 [shogyō mujō], literally, everything that is created (shogyō; Skt., sanskāra) is impermanent.
impermanent: 無常 [mujō].
impulse. See also skandhas, five.
incarnate body: 化身 [keshin]. A buddha body attained by miraculous power.
incense burner, portable: 手爐 [shuro].
incense offering: 燒香 [shōkō], literally, burn incense.
incense sticks: 棧香 [senkō].
incense, distribute to the monks: 行香 [ankō]. Making a gift to monks during a meal offering.
inclination. See also skandhas, five.
inclination skandha: 行衆 [gyōshu], literally, inclination assembly. See also skandhas, five.
inclusion: 全收 [zenshū], literally, totally including.
inconceivable: 不可思議 [fukashigi]. 密有 [mitsu’u], literally, intimate being.
inconceivable cause, inconceivable effect: 妙因妙果 [myōin myōka].
incorrect views: 不是處 [fuzesho], literally, point that is not right.
indefinite: 不必 [fuhitsu], literally, not necessarily.
independent of before and after: See before and after, independent of.
indestructible: 堅牢 [kenrō], literally, solid and firm.
indestructible body: 不壞身 [fueshin].
India: 天竺 [Tenjiku]. 竺乾 [Jikuken]. 西天 [Saiten], literally, Western Heaven.
India and China: 乾唐 [Ken Tō].
Indian sounds: 梵音 [bon’on].
Indra: Skt., Shakra Devānām Indra, literally, Shakra (mighty one), who is the lord of devas. Transliteration: 釋迦提桓因陀羅 [Shaka Daikan Indara]. (Dōgen refers to this deity in the following ways.) Abbreviated: 釋提桓因 [Shaku Daikan In]. Also, Deva Lord Shakra, 天帝釋 [Ten Taishaku]; Lord Shakra, 帝釋 [Taishaku]; Deva Lord, 天帝 [Ten Tei]; Shakra Deva, 釋天 [Shaku Ten]; Shakra King, 釋王 [Shaku Ō]. Originally a Vedic deity, regarded in Buddhism as a main guardian deity of dharma. Resides in the Heaven of Thirty-three Devas (Tushita Heaven) above Mount Sumeru.
Indra Ketu: 帝相 [Taisō], literally, King Form. Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former lifetime to many Buddhas with this name.
Indra’s Cave: 因沙臼室 [Inshakyū Shitsu]. The cave on Mount Veda in the ancient Indian kingdom of Magadha. Known as the first place the Buddha had a summer retreat.
Indra’s Net Sūtra: 梵網經 [Bommō Kyō].
Indra’s Net Bodhisattva Precepts Sūtra, 梵網菩薩戒經 [Bommō Bosatsu Kai Kyō]. Mahāyāna sūtra, revered for its elucidation of the bodhisattva precepts.
inessential activity: See activity, inessential.
infirmary: 延壽院 [enju in], literally, hall for prolonging longevity.
inherit, individually: 單傳す [tanden-su]. Also, transmit person to person.
initial enlightenment: See also enlightenment, acquired.
inner chamber: 屋裏 [okuri], literally, inside the house. 堂奧 [dō’ō], literally, deep inside the hall. 閫奧 [kon’ō], literally, deep inside the threshold. Domain. Teacher, or inner meaning of the teaching.
inner chamber, enter the: See also abbot’s room, receive guidance in the.
innumerable eons: 五百塵點 [gohyaku jinten], literally, five hundred particle (eons).
inquire: 咨問す [shimon-su].
insentient beings: See being, insentient.
Insentient Beings Speak Dharma: 無情説法 [Mujō Seppō]. Fifty-fourth fascicle of this book.
inseparable, close and: 親密 [shimmitsu], literally, parent intimate.
insight into others’ minds: See also miraculous powers, six.
insightful flashes: See unroll the matter and hurl insightful flashes.
insightful flashes at each other, hurl: 互換投機 [gokan tōki]. Tossing back and forth of deep understanding.
insightful response, launch the: 投機 [tōki].
instruction: 啓發 [keihatsu], literally, guide and express.
instruction for zazen practice: 修行の用心 [shugyō no yōjin], literally, use of mind for practice.
instruction, compassionate: 慈悲指示 [jihi shiji].
instruction, give: 爲示(す) [iji(-su)].
Instructions on Kitchen Work: 示庫院文 [Ji Kuin Mon]. Eighty-second fascicle of this book.
instructor: Skt. āchārya. Transliteration: 阿闍梨 [ajari], 闍梨 [jari]. Reverend, teacher.
intellect: Skt. (possibly), vriddha, literally, expanded (traditionally interpreted as, accumulated mind). Transliteration: 矣栗多 [iriddha]. Translation: 心識 [shinshiki], literally, mind and knowing. 慮知 [ryochi], literally, thinking and knowing. 有智 [uchi], literally, having wisdom.
intellect and awareness: 慮知念覺 [ryochi nengaku].
intellectual: 擬議量 [gigiryō], literally, discuss measurement..
intention, considerate: 老思 [rōshi], literally, old person’s thought.
intention, true: 正意 [shōi].
intentionally: 知而 [chini], literally, knowing and then.
interact with, not: 不礙 [fuge].
interchangeable and not interchangeable: 回互不回互 [ego fu ego]. Interpenetrating and beyond interpenetrating one another.
interfere, not: 不干 [fukan].
intermediary realm: 中有 [chū’u]. In-between realm, intermediary existence. A realm between this life and the next life. 中陰相 [chū’insō], literally, in-between invisible form.
interpretation: 釋 [shaku].
intimate: 親切 [shinsetsu], 親 [shin], literally, parent. 切 [shin], literally, close, deep. 密 [mitsu], literally, tight, secret. 親曾 [shinzō], literally, parent ever. Immediate experience. Close and inseparable.
intimate, fully: 全靠密 [zenkōmitsu], literally, totally close and secret.
intimate attention, with: 綿密 [memmitsu], literally, (woven) cotton tight secret.
Intimate Language: 密語 [Mitsugo]. Fifty-second fascicle of this book.
intimate with or remote from: 親疎 [shinso]. Shin means intimate, and so means distant.
intimately observe: 當觀(す) [tōkan(-su)], literally, see right in front.
introspection: 念想觀 [nensōkan], literally, memory, recollection [nen]; thought, ideas [sō], and observation or insight [kan]. Dōgen indicates that zazen is not visualization, insight, or analytical observation.
investigate: 商量(す) [shōryō(-su)], literally, discuss and measure. 局量 [kyokuryō], literally, border measure. Analyze. 検點 [kenten], literally, examine.
investigate, thoroughly: 功夫參究 [kufū sankyū], literally, endeavor and study all the way.
involvements, various: 諸縁 [shoen], literally, various relationships. Outside conditions.
iron, a single rail of: 一條鐵 [ichijō tetsu]. Solid rail of iron, one straight rod of iron.
iron, one rod of: See one rod of iron, ten thousand miles long.
iron person: 鐵漢 [tekkan]. Person of determination, or someone who has attained the way.
iron tree blossoms: 鐵樹華開 [tetsuju kekai].
Ise Shrine: 伊勢神宮 [Ise Jingū]. Primary Shinto shrine of Japan, located in Ise Province (present-day Mie Prefecture). Consists of Kōtai Jingū (Inner Shrine) and Toyouke Jingū (Outer Shrine). The former enshrines Sun Goddess [Amaterasu Ōkami] and the latter, Harvest God [Toyouke Ōkami].
items, eighteen: 十八種物 [jūhachi shu motsu]. What a home leaver carries for engaging in ascetic practice or traveling: a willow twig, washing powder, three robes, a jar, bowls, a sitting mat, a walking stick, an incense bowl, a water bag, a towel, a knife, a flint stone, tweezers, a straw mat, sūtras, a precept book, a Buddha image, and a bodhisattva image.
Itivrittaka: See also Divisions, Twelve.
Jambudvīpa: Skt. See Continents, Four.
Jambunada: 閻浮檀 [Embudan], literally, Jambu Wood Platform. Shākyamuni Buddha made offerings in his former lifetime to many buddhas with this name.
Jaradhara Garjita Ghosha Susvara Nakshatra Rāja Sankusumitābhijña Buddha: 雲雷音宿王華智佛 [Unrai On Shuku Ō Kechi Butsu], literally, Cloud Thunder Constellation King Flower Wisdom Buddha. Described in Lotus Sūtra as the buddha who, an incalculable time ago, expounded the sūtra to King Subhavyūha.
Jātaka. See also Divisions, Twelve.
Jayata: 闍夜多 [Shayata]. Monk from northern India. Twentieth Ancestor of the Zen tradition in India.
Jeta Grove: 祇園/祇桓 [Gion], literally, Je Garden. [Kodoku On], Garden of Solitude. In the south of the city of Shrāvastī, Kaushala Kingdom, central northern India. According to sūtras, this is where Shākyamuni Buddha’s community practiced together in the monastery during the rainy season. Donated by Prince Jeta, a son of King Prasenajit of Kaushala.
Jeta, Prince: Son of King Prasenajit of Kaushala Kingdom, India. He donated the Jeta Grove to Shākyamuni as a site for a monastery.
jewel: 瓔珞 [yōraku]. Jeweled ornament.
jewel in the banded hair, bright: 髻中の明珠 [keichū no meiju]. According to the Lotus Sūtra, a precious jewel that a wheel-turning king wore in his tied-up hair and gave to a retainer for his meritorious service.
jewel, Bian’s giant: 卞璧 [Ben peki]. Bianhe (Bian), 卞和 [Benka] of the country of Chu in Zhou Dynasty, found a large jade stone and dedicated it to two successive kings. Each time he was punished for making a false statement, but finally the third king had it polished and a most precious jewel emerged.
jewel, to attract a: See tile to attract a jewel, hurl a.
jewel, wish-granting: 摩尼珠 [mani ju].
jewels, four: 四寶 [shihō]. Also called 四蔵 [shizō], literally, four treasuries. Sūtras, precepts, treatises, and dhāranīs.
Jiaofan Huihong: 覺範慧浩 [Kakuhan Ekō]. 1071–1128, China. Also called Shimen (Rock Gate). Dharma heir of Zhenjing Kewen, Linji School. Taught at Qingliang Monastery, Rui Region (Jianxi) but was falsely accused by other monks and imprisoned four times. After being pardoned, he lived in Xiangxi (Hunan) and concentrated on writing. Author of books including Record within the Forests.
Jianfu Chenggu: 薦福承古 [Sempuku Shōko]. d. 1045, China. Studied with Nanyue Liangya, Yunmen School. Had realization when he heard about Yunmen’s words. Claimed to have received dharma transmission from Yunmen without actually meeting him. Taught at Jianfu Monastery, Mount Jianfu, Rao Region (Jiangxi).
Jianyuan Zhongxing: 漸源仲興 [Zengen Chūkō]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Daowu Yuanzhi, Qingyuan Line. Taught at Mount Jianyuan, Tan Region (Hunan). His posthumous name is Zen Master Zhongxing, 仲興大師 [Chūkō Daishi].
Jianzhi Sengcan: 鑑智僧璨 [Kanchi Sōsan]. d. 606, China. Third Chinese Ancestor of Zen School. Dharma heir of Second Ancestor Dazu Huike. Due to harsh government persecution of Buddhism, Sengcan lived in hiding as a homeless wanderer for much of his teaching life, and was a leper who was eventually cured. Nevertheless, Sengcan was found by Dayi Daoxin, who came to him as a fourteen-year-old novice, attained enlightennment, served as Sengcan’s attendant for many years, and became his successor, the Fourth Ancestor. Later, Sengcan taught at Mount Sikong, Shu Region (Anhui). Regarded as the author of a poem titled “Engraving of Trust Mind” [Shinjinmei]. Sengcan died standing up. His posthumous name is Zen Master Jianzhi, 鑑智禪師 [Kanchi Zenji].
Jianzhong Jingguo Continuous Transmission of the Lamp: Jianzhong Jingguo Xudeng-lu 建中靖国續燈録 [Kinchū Seikoku Zokutōroku]. Compiled by Foguo Weibai of Yunmen School and dedicated to the Emperor in the first year of Jianzhong Jingguo Era (1101). Organized historical Zen masters according to their dharma lineages.
Jiashan Shanhui: 夾山善會 [Kassan Zenne]. 805–881, China. First taught at Zhulin Monastery, Jingkou, Run Region (Jiangsu). Then he became a dharma heir of “the boatman” Chuanzi Decheng, Qingyue Line, before the latter disappeared in the river. After that, Jiashan dwelt deep in the mountains for thirty years before teaching at Mount Jia, Feng Region (Hunan). His posthumous name is Great Master Chuanming, 傳明大師 [Demmyō Daishi].
Jiatai Record of the Universal Lamp: Jiatai Pudeng-lu, 嘉泰普燈録 [Katai Futō-roku]. Compiled by Leian Zhengshou. Dedicated in the fourth year of Jiatai Era (1204) to the Emperor, who allowed it into the Buddhist canon. Unlike earlier collections of historical Zen materials, it includes stories of nuns, kings, officials, and commoners.
Jiazhi: 迦智 [Kachi]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, Korea. Dharma heir of Damei Fachang. Taught in Korea.
jin: C. 斤 [kin]. Measuring unit. 596.82 grams (1.31 pounds) in Tang and Song dynasties. Sometimes we translate it as “pound.”
Jingcen: See Changsha Jingcen.
Jingde Record of Transmission of the Lamp: Jingde Chuandeng-lu, 景徳傳燈録 [Keitoku Dentōroku]. Compiled in the first year of Jingde Era (1004), probably by Yong’an Daoyuan of Fayan School. A primary collection of words and deeds of 1,701 masters. A common Zen expression, “1,700 kōans,” derives from this number.
Jingqing Daofu: 鏡清道怤 [Kyōshō Dōfu]. 864–937, China. Dharma heir of Xuefeng Yicun, Qi
ngyuan Line. Taught at Jingqing Monastery, Yue Region (Zhejiang). Honorary title: Great Master Shunde 順徳大師 [Juntoku Daishi].
Jingxuan: See Dayang Jingxuan.
Jingyin Facheng: See Kumu Facheng.
Jingzhao Mihu: 京兆米胡 [Kyōchō Beiko]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Guiyang School. Dharma heir of Guishan Lingyou. Mihu means “foreigner.” Jingzhao taught in the ancient Chinese capital city of Jingzhao. He said, “If there’s a Buddha to be seen, it’s not other than all beings.” He was known for his wonderful beard.
Jingzhao Xiujing: 京兆休靜 [Keichō Kyūjō]. Ca. ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Dongshan Liangjie, cofounder of the Caodong School. Taught at Jingzhao Huayan Monastery, Mount Zhongnan, south of the city of Chang’an (Shanxi). Also called Huayan Xiujing. His posthumous name is Great Master Baozhi 寶智大師 [Hōchi Daishi].
Jinhua Juzhi: 金華倶胝 [Kinka Kutei/Gutei]. Ca. ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Hangzhou Tianlong, Nanyue Line. Juzhi always responded to dharma questions by simply raising his finger. Old Monk Juzhi, 老倶胝 [Rō Kutei].
join palms together. See also gasshō.
journey among other types of beings: 異類中行 [irui chū gyō]. Walk in the midst of various beings.
joy, boundless: 福徳無量 [fukutoku murō], literally, immeasurable bliss and virtue.
Judun: See Longya Judun.
Jui: See Bai Jui.
Juñānaprabha: 智光 [Chikō]. Monk student of Shākyamuni Buddha. Formerly a wealthy man in a small country far away in the northeast of Rājagriha.
just as they are: 法爾 [hūni], literally, dharma thus.
just now: 而今 [nikon].
just sit: 打坐 [taza]. Ta is a prefix for emphasis. Za means “sit” or “sitting.” 只管打坐/祇管打坐 [shikan taza], literally, single-minded sitting: practice of zazen with no attempt to solve questions or expectation of attainment or enlightenment, and without either repressing or holding on to thoughts and feelings. Sometimes contrasted to meditation with kōan studies.
just this:
Juzhi: See Jinhua Juzhi.
kalpa: Skt. Transliteration: 劫波 [kōha], 劫 [kō]. Eon; an incalculable span of time. 歴劫 [ryakukō], literally, passing many kalpas.
kalpa, this present: Skt., bhadra kalpa, literally, good kalpa. Translation: 賢劫 [gengō / kengō], literally, kalpa of sages.
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