ground: 露地 [roji], literally, bare earth.
grounds, nine: 九地 [kuchi/ kyūchi]. Also, nine types of existences. One ground in the desire realm, and four grounds each in the form and no-form realms.
gruel, satisfied with: 粥足 [shuku soku].
Guangcheng: 廣成 [Kōsei]. Legendary sorcerer of ancient China who taught the Yellow Emperor.
Guangren: See Sushan Guangren.
Guangtong Huiguang: 光統慧光 [Kōzu Ekō]. 468–537, China. Precept Master who advocated precepts that are classified in four divisions. Purportedly one of the monks who accused and attempted to oppress Bodhidharma.
Guangzuo: See Zhimen Guangzuo.
Guanxi Zhixian: 灌溪志閑 [Kankei Shikan]. d. 895, China. Dharma heir of Linji Yixuan, Linji School. Taught at Guanxi, Changsha (Hunan).
Guanzhi: See Tong’an Guanzhi.
Guanzi: 管子 [Kanshi]. A book by Guanzhong (d. 645 B.C.E.), prime minister of Qi Kingdom.
guard: 護持 [goji].
guardian spirit of the monastery buildings: 護伽藍神 [gogaran jin].
guardians, eight types of: A deva, dragon, yaksha (flying demon), gandharva (heavenly musician), asura (fighting spirit), garuda (bird god), kinnara (heavenly singer), and mahoraga (land dragon). Often revered as protectors of dharma.
guest and host: 賓主 [hinju]. Student and teacher.
guest office: 接待 [settai].
Guichen: See Dizang Guichen.
guidance: 化導 [kedō], literally, transform and guide.
guide other: 爲他 [ita], literally, make other.
guide the person: 接渠 [sekkyo], literally, touch the person.
guideline, pure: 清規 [shingi], literally, pure regulation.
Guidelines for Zen Monasteries: C. Chanyuan Qinggui, 禪苑清規 [Zennen Shingi], literally, pure rules for Zen gardens. Compiled by Changlu Zongze of Yunmen School, eleventh–twelfth century, China. Published in 1103. The oldest extant collection of monastic guidelines, as most of the earlier guidelines, attributed to Baizhang, had been lost. Basis for later monastic guidelines.
guidelines, what are the: いかなる規矩かある [ikanaru kiku ka aru].
guidepost: 榜樣 [bōyō]. Example. 標傍 [hyōbō]. Standard.
guiding a person: 爲人接人 [inn setsunin], literally, making and touching a person.
Guishan Lingyou: 潙山靈祐 [Isan Reiyū]. 771–853, China. Dharma heir of Baizhang Huaihai, Nanyue Line. Along with his co-student Huangbo Xiyun, Guishan was a renowned Zen teacher of Tang Dynasty China. Taught at Mount Gui, Tan Region (Hunan). He had forty-one roomentering (senior) students, one of whom was Yangshan Huiji. Guishan and Yangshan are regarded as cofounders of the Guiyang School, the first of the Five Schools of Chinese Zen to come into existence. His posthumous name is Zen Master Dayuan 大圓禪師 [Daien Zenji].
Guixing: See Shexian Guixing.
Guiyang School: 潙仰宗 [Igyō Shū]. One of the Five Schools of Chinese Zen Buddhism. Regards Guishan Lingyou and Yangshan Huiji as its founders.
Guizong Zhichang: 歸宗智常 [Kisu Chijō]. Ca. eighth century, China. Dharma heir of Mazu Daoyi, Nanyue Line. Taught at Guizong Monastery, Mount Lu (Jiangxi). His teaching was well known, and he was frequently visited by the famous Tang Dynasty poet and statesman Bai Zhuyi. At the end of his life he was known as Red-Eyed Guizong because the medicine he used for cataracts turned his eyes red. His posthumous name is Zen Master Zhizhen 至眞禪師 [Shishin Zenji].
Guotai Hongtao: 國泰弘瑫 [Kokutai Kōtō]. Ca. ninth–tenth century, China. Dharma heir of Xuefeng Yicun, Qingyuan Line. Taught at Anguo Monastery, Fu Region (Fujian). His posthumous name is Great Master Mingzhen, 明眞大師 [Myōshin Daishi].
Gushan Zhiyuan: 孤山智圓 [Kozan Chien]. Dates unknown, China. His theory of the Three Teachings as one is quoted in the preface of the Record of the Universal Lamp.
Ha!: 咦 [nii].
Haihui Shouduan: 海會守端 [Kaie Shutan]. 1025–1072, China. Also, Baiyun Shouduan. Dharma heir of Yangqi Fanghui, Linji School. Taught at Haihui Monastery on Mount Baiyun, Shu Region (Anhui).
hair breathing in the vast ocean, tuft of: 毛呑巨海 [mō don kokai].
hairbreadth: 毫釐 [gōri].
half-lotus position: 半跏趺坐 [hanka fuza]. Sitting with one leg crossed over the other.
hall, auxiliary cloud: 重雲堂 [jū’undō]. A hall for zazen, eating, and sleeping, attached to the main monks’ hall.
hall, entry: 旦過寮 [tangaryō], literally, passing the dawn dormitory. Special building or quarters for those seeking entry to the monastery or staying overnight. Visitors’ room.
hall, meditation: 坐禪堂 [zazendō].
hall, monks’: 僧堂 [sōdō]. 雲堂 [undō], literally, cloud hall, because a monk who wanders about in search of the way is called 雲水 [unsui], meaning cloud and water. This hall is where monks engage in zazen, have morning and midday meals, and sleep.
hall, relic: 舍利殿 [shari den].
hall, study: 衆寮 [shuryō], literally, dormitory of assembly. 照堂 [shōdō], literally, illumination hall, hall of light. 本寮 [honryō], literally, main dormitory. A building in the Zen monastery where monks read, drink tea, and have evening meals.
hall for sleeping: 寢堂 [shindō].
han: J. 版 / 板. A hanging wooden board struck by a wooden mallet as a signal in a monastery.
Han Dynasty: 漢 [Kan]. Former Han, 202–28 B.C.E. Later Han, 25–220 C.E.
Han Yu: 韓愈 [Kan’yu]. 768–828, China. Government official and outstanding writer, exiled and pardoned twice. Studied with Dadian Baotong, Qingyuan Line. His posthumous name is Lord Wen.
hands and eyes, countless: Referring to one thousand arms and one thousand eyes of Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.
hang on emptiness: 空にかかる [kū ni kakaru].
hang up traveling staff: 掛錫 [kashaku]. Stay at a monastery.
Hangzhou Tianlong: 杭州天龍 [Kōshū Tenryū]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Dharma heir of Damei Fachang, Nanyue Line. His teaching was always raising one finger, known as Tianlong’s One Finger Zen, which was famously taken up by his student Juzhi.
Haojian: See Baling Haojian.
Haoyue, Imperial Attendant: 皓月供奉 [Kōgetsu Gubu]. Ca. eighth–ninth century, China. Student of Changsha Jingcen, Qinguan Line. Biography unknown.
hasta: Skt. 肘 [chū]. Measuring unit. The length from elbow to middle fingertip.
hat, wild boar: See boar hat, wild.
have some tea: 喫茶去 [kissa ko], literally, go and drink tea.
head, shave the: 剃頭 [teitō]. To become a monk or nun.
head, turn one’s: See turning one’s head.
head as it is: 頭聻 [zu nii].
head but no tail, one who has: 有頭無尾漢 [utō mubi kan].
head monk: 首座 [shuso], literally, head seat. One who assists the abbot in teaching during one practice period as part of the training.
head monks, those who have been: 立僧の首座 [rissō no shuso].
head of the garden: 園頭 [enjū].
head on top of another, placing one: 頭上安頭 [zujō anzu]. Head above headtop.
head to tail, from: 頭正尾正 [zushin bishin], literally, the head is correct and the tail is correct.
heads, divine: 神頭 [jinzu].
heads are right, their: 頭角正 [zukaku shin], literally, head horn is correct.
heads of work crew: 頭首 [chōshu].
hear sounds with entire eye: 滿眼聞聲 [mangen monshō].
Heart of the Way: 道心 [Dōshin]. Ninety-fourth fascicle of this book.
heaven: 天堂 [tendō], literally, heavenly halls. Heavenly world.
Heaven of No Thought: 無想天 [musōten]. Skt., Āsamjñika. The realm of meditation where all mental activity is stopped.
heaven of purity: See also Brahmā Heaven.
Heaven of Shining Banner: 光明旛世界 [Kōmyō Ban Sekai].
Heaven of Thirty-three Devas: �
�十三天 [Sanjūsan Ten]. One of the six heavens of the desire world above Mount Sumeru. Indra is surrounded by thirty-two other devas—eight in each of the four directions. Also called Tushita Heaven.
Heaven Share: 共天 [Kuten]. King, one of the former lives of Shākyamuni Buddha.
Heaven, Tushita: See Tushita Heaven.
heavenly beings: 天衆 [tenshu]. Devas.
heavenly eyes: See eyes, five.
heels have not yet touched the ground: 脚跟未點地在 [kyakkon mitten chi zai]..
heir, direct: 親嫡嗣 [shin tekishi], literally, intimate heir.
heir, new: 新嗣 [shishi].
heir to heir: 嫡嫡 [tekiteki].
heir-buddha: 嗣佛 [shibutsu]. Same as buddha’s heir [busshi]. Holder of an authentic dharma heritage.
hell: Skt., niraya. Transliteration: 泥犁 [nairi]. Translation: 地獄 [jigoku], literally, underground prison.
help invisibly: 冥資 [myōshi], 冥助 [myōjo].
helper, young: 童行 [zunnan]. Young worker or youth who is not yet ordained.
herbs, three types of: 三草 [sansō]. Classification in the Lotus Sūtra. Excellent herbs: Bodhisattva Vehicle. Medium herbs: Shrāvaka and Pratyeka-buddha Vehicles. Lesser herbs: Human and Deva Vehicle.
here, it is right: 只在者裏 [shi zai shari].
here, right: 當處 [tōjo].
here, what is right: 這裏是什麼處在 [shari ze jūmosho zai].
heretic thinkers, six types of: 六群禿子 [rokugun tokushi]. See monks, group of the six.
heritage, document of: 嗣書 [shisho]. A genealogical record given by a teacher to a disciple as a proof of dharma transmission. The names of the buddha ancestors and the new heir are written by the heir, and the teacher adds words of approval with a signature and seals.
heritage, mutual: 相嗣 [sōshi]. Realization outside of time; beyond, before, and after. In the merged realization of teacher and disciple, disciple inherits dharma from the teacher, and the teacher inherits dharma from the disciple. (Document of Heritage: “Shākyamuni Buddha inherited dharma from Kāshyapa Buddha. . . . Kāshyapa Buddha inherited dharma from Shākyamuni Buddha.”).
heritage, our: 宗門 [shūmon], literally, spiritual gate.
hero: 英雄 [eiyū].
Heshan Shouxun: 何山守玽 [Kazan Shujun]. Ca. eleventh–twelfth century, China. Dharma heir of Taiping Huiqin, Linji School. Taught at Mount He (Zhejiang). His posthumous name is Zen Master Fudeng 佛燈禪師 [Buttō Zenji].
hidden in the entire world, nothing is: See world, nothing is hidden in the entire.
hidden, apparent, existent, or not existent: 隱顯存沒 [onken zommotsu].
high ancestor: 高祖 [kōso]. For Dōgen, high ancestor refers to an outstanding ancestor, such as Yunyan or Dangshan.
High Banner Palace: 高幢本天宮 [Kōtō Hon Tengū].
High Eight: 上八 [Jōhatsu].
Himālāyas: Described in sūtras as the place where Shākyamuni Buddha practiced in his former life. See also Snow Mountains.
Hīnayāna. See also Vehicles, Three.
hindrance: 罣礙(す) [keige(-su)], 礙 [ge]. 1. Hinder, obstructing, being sheltered, contradicted, covered. Separation from reality. 2. For Dōgen, being completely covered, immersed, undivided. Being one with reality.
hindrance in the study of the way: 障道 [shōdō].
hindrances of unwholesome actions: 罪障 [zaishō].
Hinokuma Shrine: 日前杜 [Hinokuma Sha]. Shinto shrine in Akitzuki, Kii Province (present Wakayama Prefecture), Japan. Enshrines Great Deity of Hinokuma [Hinokuma Ōkami].
hiro: J. 尋. Measuring unit. Sixty sun.
hit the mark: 一當 [ittō], literally, one strike.
Hōjō, Tokiyori: 1227–1263. Became the head of the Kamakura government as Regent of Japan in 1246. His monk name is Dōsū Saimyōji. He invited Dōgen to give dharma discorses in Kamakura.
hold on fully: 但惜 [tan shaku], literally, only be attached.
hold up a flower and blink: 拈華瞬目 [nenge shummoku]. See also treasury of the true dharma eye.
hold up grass: 粘草 [nensō]. Have realization.
hollow discussion: 戲論 [keron]. Theoretical discussion, groundless theory.
homage to: 稽首 [keishu], literally, lower the head (to the ground).
home leaver: 出家 [shukke]. Monk or nun. 出家人 [shukkenin], person who has left his or her household to join the sangha.
home leaving and entry into the practice of the way: 出家修道 [shukke shudō].
home leavers, Five Schools of: 五部の僧衆 [gobu no sōshu].
Hongren: See Daman Hongren.
Hongtao: See Guotai Hongtao.
Hongzhi Zhenjiao: 宏智正覺 [Wanshi Shōgaku]. 1091–1157, China. Dharma heir of Danxia Zichun, Caodong School. When he was abbot at Mount Tiantong, his monastery flourished with as many as twelve hundred monks in residence. In a period when Zen practice was in decline, he revived the Caodong tradition. Regarded as leader of “silent-illumination Zen,” he was a prolific writer who poetically articulated Caodong meditation practice. Author of Hongzhi’s Capping Verses, which became the basis of the Book of Serenity. His posthumous name is Zen Master Hongzhi, 宏智禪師 [Wanshi Zenji].
honorarium: 俵錢 [hyōsen], literally, straw bag full of coins.
Honored One: 大和尚 [dai oshō], literally, great priest.
horizontally and vertically, maneuver: 横擔竪擔 [ōtan jutan].
horn on the head, break a: 頭角觸折 [zukaku shokusetsu].
horn on the head, grow a: 頭角生 [zukaku shō]. Arouse desire.
horn, painted: 畫角 [gakaku].
horns, hide the body but expose the: 藏身露角 [zōshin rokaku].
horse, beak of: 馬觜 [bashi]. Something that does not exist.
horse, command a: 調馬 [chōba].
horse’s womb, enter the: 入馬胎 [nyū batai].
host: 主人 [shujin], literally, main person.
hours of a day, utilizes the twelve: 使得十二時 [shitoku jūniji].
hours of Horse and Sheep: Horse is the seventh hour of the day. Sheep is the eighth hour of the day.
hours of the day, twelve: 十二時 [jūni ji]. In East Asia a day was divided into twelve hours. See also Time System (appendix 8).
house where water is used sparsely: 惜水之家 [sekisui no ie].
house, burning: 火宅 [kataku].
house, in one’s own: 自家屋裏 [jike okuri].
house, in the: 屋裏 [oku ri]. Domain, teaching of the buddha house.
household, merit of leaving the: 出家功徳 [shukke kudoku].
Houses, Five: See Schools, Five.
how: 爲體 / ていたらく [teitaraku]. 1. How it is, how it works. 2. Meaning (of a word or phrase).
How does this expression of thusness emerge?: See thusness emerge?, How does this expression of.
how to maintain them, how not to violate them, how to be open to them, and how to control oneself: 持犯開遮 [jibon kaisha]. Ways to work on precepts.
Huaihai: See Baizhang Huaihai.
Huairang: See Nanyue Huairang.
Huangbo Xiyun: 黄檗希運 [Ōbaku Kiun]. d. 850, China. Dharma heir of Baizhang Huaihai, Nanyue Line. Born in Fu Region (Fujian) and ordained on Mount Huangbo of the region. After attaining deep insight with Baizhang and teaching for some time, he moved to a mountain at Zhongling (Jiangxi) at invitation of Minister Pei Xiu and called it Huangbo after his place of ordination; his teaching flourished there. Known for striking with a staff as a teaching device. Linji Yixuan was one of his successors. Pei Xiu compiled Huangbo’s words, Transmission of Heart, Essential Dharma. His posthumous name is Zen Master Duanji, 斷際禪師 [Dansai Zenji].
Huangbo’s striking with a staff: 黄檗の行棒 [Ōbaku no gyōbō], literally, Huangbo’s practice stick.
Huanglong Huinan: 黄龍慧南 [Ōryū Enan]. 1002–1069, China. Dharma heir of Shishuang Chuyuan, Linji School. His teaching with the use of kōans flouri
shed at Mount Huanglong (Jiangxi). Regarded as founder of the Huanglong Order of Linji School. His posthumous name is Zen Master Pujiao, 普覺禪師 [Fugaku Zenji].
Huangmei: Hongren of; Mount. See also Daman Hongren.
Huanxi Weiyi: 環溪惟一 [Kankei Iichi]. 1202–1281, China. Dharma heir of Wuzhun Shifan, Linji School. Abbot of several renowned training centers, including Ruiyuan Monastery and Tiantong Jingde Monastery, both in Ming Region (Zhejiang). A visiting abbot of Jingde Monastery when Dōgen visited.
Huanzhong: See Daci Huanzhong.
Huayan School: Also called Avatamsaka School. In China, it developed profound dialectic of Mahāyāna philosophy that was the basis for much Zen thought.
hub: 要 [yō]. Center of a folding fan.
Huiche: See Shimen Huiche.
Huiguang: See Guangtong Huiguang.
Huiji: See Yangshan Huiji.
Huijiao: See Langye Huijiao.
Huike: See Dazu Huike.
Huileng: See Changqing Huileng:
Huinan: See Huanglong Huinan.
Huineng: See Dajian Huineng.
Huiqin: See Taiping Huiqin.
Huiran: See Sansheng Huiran.
Huisi: See Nanyue Huisi.
Huitang Zuxin: 晦堂祖心 [Kaidō Soshin]. 1025–1100, China. Dharma heir of Huanglong Huinan, Linji School. He traveled back and forth for seven years between Yunfeng Wenyue and Huanglong before attaining clarity with Huanglong. He taught at Mount Huanglong (Jiangxi), emphasizing clear seeing and self-understanding. His posthumous name is Zen Master Baojiao 寶覺禪師 [Hōgaku Zenji].
Huiyan Zhizhao: See Zhicong.
Huiyong: See Nanyuan Huiyong.
Huizang: See Shigong Huizang.
Huizhong: See Nanyang Huizhong.
Human and Deva Vehicles: 人天乘 [ninden jō]. See also Vehicles, Five.
human stupidity is deadly: 鈍置殺人 [donchi satsunin].
humans and devas: 人天 [ninden]. See also deva.
humans, things, body, and mind: 人物身心 [nimmotsu shinjin].
hunger: 飢 [ki]. 1. Hunger as opposed to satisfaction. 2. In Dōgen’s usage, emptiness or ultimate truth.
hungry ghost: 餓鬼 [gaki]. See also paths, six.
hunting dog: 獵狗 [ryōku].
hurl insightful flashes: See unroll the matter and hurl insightful flashes.
hut: 菴 [an].
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