Tangku Truce (1933), 240, 241
erasure of Japa nese identity and influence in,
Tanino Sakutaro, 375
292; incorporated into Qing empire, 56;
Tapani Incident (1915), 178
Japa nese attack (1874), 87, 93; Japan’s
taxes, 8, 10, 65, 276; Buddhist monasteries development of, 90–91, 287, 413; Japan’s exempt from, 13, 21, 38, 39; coin currency postwar relations with, 353, 359–362; lobby and, 33; in effec tive system in China, 250; in
in United States, 320; Ming loyalists in,
Japanese- occupied areas of China, 270; in
54–57; Nixon- Kissinger plan and, 323–324;
Korea, 116; merchants and, 35–36; on rice
population statistics (1895), 177; postwar
agriculture, 41; Taiho Code (701) and, 13;
trade relations with Japan, 285, 321; Potsdam
Treaty of Shimonoseki and, 126
Agreement (1945) and status of, 373; PRC
Taylor, Jay, 278
preparations for war with, 317, 361;
Temmu, Emperor, 23
Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands dispute and, 372,
Tenryuji Temple, 39
374; Sino- Japanese relations and, 329,
THAAD (Terminal High Altitude Area
331–332, 335, 375; Sino- Japanese Treaty Defense) missile system, 401
(1873), 86–87; Treaty of Shimonoseki and,
Three Feudatories (Fujian, Guangdong,
126; UN China seat and, 309, 316, 322, 378;
Yunnan), 53
U.S. Navy protection of, 305
Tian anmen Square protests (1989), 354–355,
Taiwan, colonization of, 97, 130, 159, 175; from
361, 364, 410, 427
colony to business partner of Japan,
Tianjin, city of, 103, 461; foreign concessions in,
307–310; Japa nese relations with native
129; Japa nese citizens living in, 273; Japa nese
population, 272, 273; Japa nese residents of
occupation of, 248, 249; refugees in, 268
Taiwan, 180; legacy of, 202; period of
Tianjin, Treaty of (1858), 81
Japa nese rule (1895–1945), 176–182; Taipei
Tianjin Convention (1885), 108, 118
as modern capital, 197
Tiantai, Mount (Zhejiang province,
Takahashi Korekiyo, 219, 231
China), 38
Takasaki Tatsunosuke, 295, 311, 319, 341,
Tibetans, 4, 66
449–453
Toa Dobun Shoin, 293
Takasugi Shinsaku, 84
Toby, Ronald, 55
Takeiri Yoshikatsu, 329
Todaiji Temple (Nara), 19, 24–25
. 519 .
Index
Togo Heihachiro, 119
double- tracking of, 187; Rus sia’s strategic
Togo Kazuhiko, 337
position and, 185
Tohoku earthquake (2011), 389–390
Trautmann, Oskar, 255, 459
Tojo Hideki, 317
Treatise on Japan [ Riben zhuan] (part of Ming
Tokugawa Ieyasu, 46, 51–52, 57
shi), 47
Tokugawa Mitsukuni, 57
Treatises on Japan (Huang Zunxian, 1887), 90
Tokugawa period, 11, 35, 66, 77, 90, 393, 430;
Treaty of Peace and Friendship (1978), 317, 333,
neo- Confucianism in, 39; Qing China
359, 400, 426, 445; cultural exchanges and, viewed by three groups, 59–64; shogunate’s
350; Deng Xiaoping’s visit to Japan and,
relations with China, 53–54; stability of,
337–343; discussions leading to, 336–337;
51–53; suppression of piracy during, 47;
twentieth anniversary of, 376
volume of trade with China, 405
treaty ports, 64, 132, 204, 205, 235
Tokyo, city of, 52, 153, 316, 456; air pollution in, tribute system, of imperial China, 1, 3–4, 5, 22,
328; Chinese diplomats in, 87–90, 135;
26, 38, 39; Korea and, 101, 103; resumption Chinese tourists in, 399; earthquake (1923)
of Japan’s tributary relationship with, 30, 31
in, 219–220; as new capital of Japan, 73;
Truman, Harry, 302, 305
Teachers College, 139–140, 150, 159, 160. See Trump, Donald, 400, 404
also Edo, city of
Tsushima domain / islands, 54, 55, 63, 67,
Tokyo Broadcasting System Corporation (now
93–94
NHK), 193, 281
Tuchman, Barbara, 277
Tokyo University, 152, 155, 156, 162, 174,
Tungusic peoples, 4
321, 397
“twelve- cap system,” 8
Tokyo War Crimes Trials (International
Twenty- One Demands (1915), 164, 171, 193,
Military Tribunal for the Far East), 235, 261,
194, 200, 220, 460; Chinese publicity
281, 299–301, 436
campaign against, 212–213, 410; as Tomioka Silk Mill, 94
diplomatic blunder, 211–212; Japa nese
Tonghak Rebellion (1894–1895, Korea), 115–118
opposition to, 461; National Humiliation
Tongzhi emperor / period, 68, 69, 74, 75, 78
Day and, 368; Sun Yat- sen and, 420;
Toshodaiji (Tang Meditation Compound), 25
Washington Conference and, 216
Toyo Jiron, 428
Toyo Keizai, 210, 429
Uchida Ryohei, 225
Toyo Keizai com pany, 428
Ugaki Kazushige, General, 220–221, 224, 227,
Toyo Keizai Shimpo (Oriental economist), 428
228, 242, 244
Toyo Seikan com pany, 450
Uighurs, 66
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 46, 51, 56. See also Korea, UNCLOS. See Convention of the Law of the
Hideyoshi invasion of
Sea
trade relations, 29–31, 393–396, 472n1; after unequal treaties, 71, 81, 122–123, 128, 217, 218,
First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), 132;
228, 437, 449
Cold War and, 303; growth in 1880s, 112;
Unit 731 atrocities, 281, 300, 301
Liao- Takasaki agreements and, 318–321;
United Nations (UN), 305–306, 388; China
merchants and monks involved in, 31–33,
seat in, 309, 316, 322, 378; Security Council,
37–39; during Ming dynasty, 319; modern-
316, 378, 381, 382–384, 409–410, 411;
ization of China and, 339–340, 343;
UNCLOS (Convention on the Law of the
Nagasaki and Qing China, 57–59; port
Sea), 372–374
supervisors and, 33–36; resumption of
United States, 68, 74, 103, 129, 197, 218–219, 415;
tributary relationship, 31, 41–44; Taiwan as Burlingame Mission in, 71; Chiang Kai- shek
postwar business partner of Japan, 307–310;
and American officials, 277–278; “China
Tokugawa and Qing policies, 51–53;
lobby” in, 213; China’s challenge to
without diplomatic relations, 315–316
dominance of, 371; Chinese Exclusion Act,
Trans- Siberian Railway, 91, 100, 124, 129, 146,
148; Chinese immigrant workers in, 71;
183, 432; connection to Port Arthur, 184;
Chinese students in, 170–171; Cold War
. 520 .
Index
policies, 286, 428; compulsory schooling in,
warlords, in China and Manchuria, 188, 196,
151; economic sanctions on Japan (1930s), 451;
199, 201, 208, 216, 225; in battle with favorable public impressions of Japan in, 200;
Japa nese troops, 239–240; corruption of,
Flying Tigers
volunteer squadron, 277;
242; Japa nese occupation and, 270; Japa nese
Hawaii and the Philippines taken over by,
troops hired by, 294; in Second Sino-
138, 148, 206; heightened Sino- American Japanese War (1937–1945), 250, 263, 272.
tensions (2017), 401–403; immigration
See also Zhang Zuolin
restrictions in, 210; Japa nese plans for war
Warring States period (471–221 BC), 47, 51,
with, 432; Japa nese residents of, 128, 461; in
106
Korean War, 304–307; military bases in
Waseda University, 162, 165, 173, 314; as center Japan, 363; Monroe Doctrine, 142;
of liberal thinking in Japan, 428; Chinese
Occupation policies in Japan, 463; open- door
students at, 163, 443, 444; founding of, 211
policy for China, 183; opening of China and,
Washington Conference (1921–1922), 215–218,
322–326; postwar Japa nese politicians’ visits,
219, 220, 221, 229
456; racially tainted laws in, 206–207;
Watanabe Ryusei, 155
rebuilding of Japan and, 284; response to
Water Margin (heroic classic), 438
Manchurian Incident, 232–233; as source of
Wei dynasty (China), 5
raw materials for Japan, 298–299; Sun
Wei Yuan, 67–68
Yat- sen in, 447; support for Chinese
“well- field” system, 13
Nationalists, 294–295; Taiwan lobby in, 320;
Wen Di, Emperor, 1
Taiwan’s relations with, 361; trade relations
Wen Jiabao, 383, 388, 415
with Japan, 325; Washington Conference
Western powers, 80, 84, 97, 207, 442; “Asia for and, 215–218; weakening of alliance with
the Asians” policy against, 141; China’s
Japan, 364–365. See also Pacific War
unequal treaties with, 81; collapse of Qing
Ushiba Nobuhiko, 323
dynasty and, 206; colonial empires of,
U.S.– Japan Security Treaty (1951), 312, 375
110–111, 175, 191, 287; growing demands on Utsunomiya Taro (1861–1922), 310
China, 130; intervention after Treaty of
Utsunomiya Tokuma (1906–2000), 310–311,
Shimonoseki, 127–129, 182; Japa nese
318
expansion in Asia and, 125; most- favored-
nation status and, 85; seen as threat by
Van der Ven, Hans, 278
Japan, 98; Sino- Japanese War (1894–1895)
Versailles Treaty (1919), 171, 173, 214–216, 461.
and, 115; Treaty of Shimonoseki and, 126.
See also World War I
See also colonialism; imperialism,
Verschuer, Charlotte von, 36
Westerners
Vietnam, 4, 11, 107, 344, 345
Westerners, 27, 52, 65, 71, 78, 117; as “barbar-Von Glahn, Richard, 32
ians,” 84; Boxer vio lence against, 156; first
arrivals in Japan, 67, 77
Wa state ( Japan), 5
White, Theodore, 277
Wakatsuki Reijiro, 198, 229, 231
Wilson, Woodrow, 213, 214, 216, 304
Wan Li, 426
woodblock printing, 13, 16
Wang, C. T. , 214
World Bank, 348, 371, 386
Wang Fengcao, 115
World Trade Organ ization (WTO), 370, 378,
Wang Jing wei, 161, 174, 208, 239, 444, 449;
379, 383, 394
succession strug gle with Chiang Kai- shek,
World War I (the Great War), 171, 173, 193,
267, 421, 457–459; war time cooperation
207, 439, 458; Bolshevik armistice with with Japan, 255, 267–268, 459–460
Germany and, 243–244; Germany’s defeat
Wang Kepang, 261
in, 243; Japa nese military strategy affected
Wang Tao, 110
by, 221; Japan’s role in, 211; Jiang Baili’s
Wang Yi, 396, 397, 398
study of, 241–242; nationalism and, 282;
Wang Yong, 6
as total war, 431–432. See also Versailles
Wanli, Emperor, 49
Treaty
. 521 .
Index
World War II, 182, 200, 341, 381, 412, 421, 434,
leaders about, 407; Koizumi and, 379–380,
444; Chinese movies about Japa nese
384; Nakasone and, 352, 363, 409
cruelties in, 367, 399, 400, 412, 414;
Yayoi period ( Japan), 4
normalization of Sino- Japanese relations
Yi Sun- sin, Admiral, 49, 50, 51
and, 331–332. See also Pacific War;
Yin Yuan (Chan monk; Jp: Ingen), 56, 62
Sino- Japanese War, Second (1937–1945)
Yiwen leiju encyclopedia, 18
Wu Peifu, 195–196
Yokohama, city of, 79, 127, 219, 242, 461
Wu Tiecheng, 234, 235
Yokoi Yutaka, 398
Wu Xu, 83
Yongle, Emperor, 43
Wuhan, city of, 144, 147, 203; battle for (1938), Yoro Code (718), 13
262, 264–267; as inland treaty port, 204; in
“Yoshida doctrine,” 463
Sino- Japanese War (1937–1945), 255, 279;
Yoshida School, 460
Wang Jing wei’s headquarters in, 459
Yoshida Shigeru, 312, 328, 427, 429, 452,
Wushe ( Jp: Musha) Incident (1930), 178
460–464; Yohansen (Yoshida Anti- War)
Wutai, Mount (Shanxi province, China),
group, 462; “Yoshida Letter,” 312–313
24, 38
Yu Dayou, General, 45
Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), 30, 40–41, 100
Xi Jinping, 392, 396–397, 400
Yuan Shikai, 105, 117–118, 134, 143, 155, 173; as Xi’an (formerly, Chang’an), city of, 7–8, 12, 26,
commander of Chinese troops in Korea,
84, 146, 253; Emperor Akihito’s visit to
107, 108–109; corruption of, 242; death of, (1992), 357; Japa nese monks and officials in,
195; Japa nese negotiations with, 211;
26; Murayama in, 375; Nara and Kyoto
Japa nese training of Chinese police and,
compared with, 14
160; power strug gle with Sun Yat- sen,
Xi’an Incident (1936), 245, 251
204–205, 208, 445, 447–448; as president Xianfeng, Emperor, 69
of Chinese Republic, 163, 438; study tours
Xin hua News Agency, 444
for Chinese officials in Japan and, 153; turn
Xinjiang region, 144, 273
toward autocratic rule, 171; Twenty- One
Xu Fu, 5, 338
Demands and, 212–213
Xu Guangqi (1562–1633), 45–46, 47
zaibatsu companies, 180, 220
Yada Shichitaro, 217
Zeng Guofan, 70, 71, 440–441
Yamagata Aritomo, 76–77, 80, 81, 98, 111, 113,
Zeng Jize, 71
115, 137, 219, 221
Zhan Qixiong, 387, 388, 389
Yamamoto Jotaro, 225
Zhang Qun, 225, 234
Yamato clan, 1, 2, 6, 10
Zhang Xueliang, 196, 197, 201, 231, 232, 233, 239;
Yan Fu, 78–79
in exile, 240; Xi’an Incident (1936) and, 245
Yan Xishan (warlord), 294, 459
Zhang Zhidong, 134, 135, 140, 143, 153, 173, 174;
Yang Jiechi, 396
Boxer uprising and, 146; education and, 157,
Yang Shangkun, 357
158; Exhortations to Study, 136, 137; program Yang Tianshi, 277
of Chinese– Japanese cooperation and, 164;
yangban class, of Korea, 107, 116
>
reform agenda of, 147; study- in- Japan
Yangdi, Emperor, 9
program of, 166–167, 172; view of Sun Yangtze River area, 31, 32, 144, 182; disorder in Yat- sen, 169
Yangtze delta, 222–224; flood (1931), 237;
Zhang Zongxiang, 174
smuggling into, 44; Wuhan as inland treaty
Zhang Zuolin (Manchurian warlord), 188,
port, 204
195–196, 216, 225, 227–228, 461
Yao Yilin, 345
Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and management]
Yasuda com pany, 180
(journal), 381
Yasuda Ryumon, 466
Zheng Guanying, 102
Yasukuni Shrine (Tokyo), 301, 368, 406, 413;
Zheng Zhilong (1604–1661), 55
Abe and, 384, 392, 398; concern of China’s Zhenzhong, Emperor, 39
. 522 .
Index
Zhigang, 71
327–328, 342, 453, 454; Tanaka’s visit to Zhou, Duke of, 86
China and, 330–331
Zhou Enlai, 174, 313, 425, 430, 444, 464–470;
Zhou Xuexi, 153
Bandung Conference (1955) and, 315, 397,
Zhou Zouren, 173
452–453; at Huangpu Military Acad emy,
Zhu Rongji, 378, 379
222, 446, 468; Japa nese “friends of China”
Zhu Shunshui, 57
and, 318; Japa nese visitors to China and, 333,
Zhu Xi (1130–1200), 39
334; Kissinger and, 324; Korean War and,
Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor, 30, 41, 42–43, 52
306; Mao’s policy implemented by, 313, 469;
Zongli Yamen, 77–79, 88, 90, 96, 102
Sino- Japanese relations and, 312–317,
Zuo Zongtang, 176
. 523 .
Document Outline
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Chinese Contributions to Japanese Civilization, 600–838
2. Trade without Transformative Learning, 838–1862
3. Responding to Western Challenges and Reopening Relations, 1839–1882
4. Rivalry in Korea and the Sino-Japanese War, 1882–1895
5. Japanese Lessons for a Modernizing China, 1895–1937 with Paula S. Harrell
6. The Colonization of Taiwan and Manchuria, 1895–1945
7. Political Disorder and the Road to War, 1911–1937 with Richard Dyck
8. The Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945
9. The Collapse of the Japanese Empire and the Cold War, 1945–1972
10. Working Together, 1972–1992
11. The Deterioration of Sino-Japanese Relations, 1992–2018
12. Facing the New Era
Biographies of Key Figures
Notes
Sources and Further Reading
Acknowledgments
Index
China and Japan Page 81
