Okita Saburo, 327–328, 346, 347
pottery / ceramics, 4, 6, 25, 29, 36
Okubo Toshimichi, 74, 81, 89, 95
prefecture system ( Japan), 10, 73, 93
Okuma Shigenobu, 140, 210–211, 212
Pu Yi (last emperor of China), 198–199, 267
Olympic Games, 366, 371, 385–386
P’yongyang, city of, 49, 119–120
opium, 110, 180, 241
Opium War, First (1839–1842), 64, 65, 111
Qi Jiguang, 45
Opium War, Second [Arrow War] (1856–
Qian Qichen, 356
1860), 64, 68, 78, 366
Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), 47
Osaka, city of, 35, 45, 316, 399, 456
Qin Shi Huangdi (first emperor of China), 5, 47
Osaka Exhibition (1903), 150, 167
Qing dynasty (1644–1912), 47, 51, 74, 165, 307,
Osamu Kenji, 456
442; anti- foreign extremism in, 145–147;
O- shin [Ch: A- xin] (Japa nese 1980s TV
disorder in China leading to revolution,
series), 350
203–205; establishment of, 54; ethnic policies,
Ouchi family, 43
66; foreign relations of, 77–79; immigration Oyama Ikuo, 311, 314
policy in Manchuria and, 91; military forces,
Oyama Iwao, 76, 77, 121
112; overthrow of, 168–171, 198, 203, 242, 283;
Ozawa Ichiro, 389
Ryukyu kingdom and, 91–92; Taiwan and, 176;
Ozawa Seiji, 199–200
Tokugawa views of, 59–64; trade with Japan
through Nagasaki, 57–59, 63–64, 393; volume Pacific War, 278, 305; American bombing in
of trade with Japan, 405. See also Manchus;
Manchuria, 451; atomic bombings of Japan,
Sino- Japanese War, First (1894–1895)
305, 410, 423; Bataan Death March, 297;
Qingdao, city of, 129, 211, 217
. 515 .
Index
Rabe, John, 257, 258, 260, 261, 300
91–93; Satsuma clan and, 67. See also Rec ords of the Wei Dynasty (297), 5
Okinawa
Red Cross, Japa nese, 76, 121, 162
Ryutaro Hashimoto, 365, 375
Red Swastika Society, 261, 270
Reinsch, Paul, 213, 214
Saburi Sadao, 217, 228
Reischauer, Edwin O., 15, 328
Saeki Arikiyo, 5
Revive China Society, 446
Sagoya Tomeo, 230
Revolutionary Alliance (Tongmenghui), 169,
Saicho (Dengyo Daishi), 15
170, 443, 447, 457
Saigo Takamori, 89, 92, 94–95, 101
Rhee, Syngman, 304
Saigo Tsugumichi, 92
Ricci, Matteo, 45–46
Sakai, port of, 34–35, 45
rice agriculture, 4, 6, 31, 41, 179
Sakhalin Island, 90, 111
Richardson, Henry, 82
samurai class, 95, 107, 407; kangaku (Chinese Rogers, William P., 323
learning) and, 61, 62; Meiji Restoration and,
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (heroic classic),
73
438
Sanger, Margaret, 210
Roo se velt, Franklin, 277
Sato Eisaku, 322–326, 351, 454, 460
Roo se velt, Theodore, 166, 187, 210, 217
Sato Yasunosuke, General, 225
Root, Elihu, 216
Sato Yato, 439
Rus sia, imperial, 54, 61, 67, 71, 93, 206; Anglo-Satsuma clan / domain, 52, 54, 67, 73, 76, 98;
Japanese Treaty aimed against, 463; defeat in
British attack on (1863), 84; troops sent to
war with Japan, 165, 168, 169; growing subdue Ryukyu kingdom, 92
presence in Manchuria, 146; Liaodong
Satsuma Rebellion (1877), 87, 89, 95
Peninsula taken over by, 128; moderniza-
science, 66, 70; education and, 152, 181, 192;
tion ambitions of, 184–185; occupation of
Japa nese students abroad and, 76;
Beijing after Boxer uprising, 156; Priamur
modernization and, 137
region established by, 111; reforms of Peter the
Seijo Gakko ( Japa nese military acad emy), 165,
Great, 136; Revolution (1905), 186; seen as
167
threat by China, 87, 91, 97, 100, 102, 144; seen Seiyukai Party ( Japan), 218
as threat by Japan, 82, 87, 90, 97, 98, 100, 115;
Sekigahara, battle of (1600), 51, 52
seen as threat by Korea, 103
Self- Defense Force, Japa nese, 302, 464
Rus sian Revolution (1917), 187, 193, 207, 424,
Self- Strengthening Movement, 70, 103, 130,
465, 466. See also Soviet Union
440, 441
Russo- Japanese War (1904–1905), 97, 100,
Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands, 329, 331, 338, 348,
129, 162, 207, 216, 419; Asian nationalists
365, 415; administration passed to Japan
and Japan’s victory, 169; enthusiasm
(1972), 336, 387; Air Defense Identification
following Japa nese victory, 165, 168; events
Zone (ADIZ) of Japan, 393; Chinese
leading to, 184–186; Japa nese fund- raising
student protests against Japan and, 353;
for, 237; Japa nese strategy in, 242; Japan’s
collision at sea near (2010), 386–390, 409;
entry into Manchuria, 186–187; Korea and,
easing of tensions over, 396, 400–401;
303, 437; opened with Japa nese surprise
Japan’s “nationalization” of (2013), 390–392;
attack, 117, 186; Portsmouth Treaty at end
media coverage of dispute, 406; rising
of, 194, 217; as precursor to brutality of
tension over, 358, 364, 369; UNCLOS and World War I, 163; security concerns of
dispute over, 372–374
Japan and, 182; territorial gains of Japan
Senzaimaru visit (1862), 74, 81–85, 109
after, 175, 182, 187, 209
Seoul, city of, 48, 49, 50; Capital Guard Ryukyu Islands, 54, 55, 58, 63, 144, 372;
Command of, 105; Japa nese citizens living
China– Japan negotiations over (1873),
in, 107; Tonghak Rebellion and, 118
86–87; incident of shipwrecked fishermen
Seventeen Article Constitution, 8–9
in Taiwan (1871), 92, 176, 442; incorporated Shandong Peninsula, 119, 121–122, 211, 217, 218
into Japan, 93, 97; in de pen dent kingdom in,
Shandong province, 36, 91, 171, 461
. 516 .
Index
Shanghai, city of, 64, 112, 113; Communist without diplomatic relations (1949–1972),
movement in, 425; as economic base, 182;
310–312; China’s po liti cal tightening
French Concession, 130, 448; industry in
(1957–1960), 317–318; Chinese legation
area of, 295; International Settlement, 111,
opened in Tokyo, 87–90; Chinese students
143, 223, 273; Japa nese citizens living in, 234,
in Japan, 164–168; contact before Empress
253, 273; Jiangnan Arsenal, 70; labor unrest Suiko, 4–7; cultural exchange of 1980s,
in, 223; refugees in, 268; Senzaimaru visit
350–351; enmity following invasion of
(1862), 74, 81–85, 109; in Sino- Japanese War Manchuria, 233–239; Japa nese advisers and
(1937–1945), 237, 239, 253–255; violent teachers in China, 154–155; Japa nese
anti- Japanese demonstrations (2005), 383
“friends of China” and, 310, 318, 332, 470;
Shanghai Incident (1932), 234–235, 407
Japan’s economic advice
and assistance,
Shen Junru, 174
346–349; Japan’s turning away from
Shenyang, city of, 126, 185, 461; Japa nese Chinese culture, 109–110; Korean War and
civilian residents of, 273; Manchurian
freeze in (1948–1972), 303–307; limited
Incident (1931) near, 196, 433
opening (1972–1978), 333–337; military
Shenzong, Emperor, 39
ambitions of Meiji Japan and, 97–99;
Shi Yinhong, 381, 382
negotiations over Taiwan and Ryukyu
Shibusawa Eiichi, 106, 225
Islands, 86–87; new era of (since 2014),
Shidehara Kijuro, 208, 216, 217, 220–221, 228,
404–416; normalization after World War
231
II, 445, 453–454; po liti cal frictions in 1980s,
Shigemitsu Mamoru, 228–229, 238
351–354; rivalry over Korea, 100–109, 112,
Shiina Etsusaburo, 330
114; Ryukyu issue (1871–1874), 91–93;
Shimoda Utako, 151, 157, 169
Taiwan issue and, 329, 331–332, 335; Tanaka’s Shimonoseki, Treaty of (1895), 81, 123–127, 128,
visit to China (1972), 327; Tian anmen
132, 135, 139, 373
Square protests (1989) and, 354–355; treaty
Shinto, 20, 21, 22, 23, 73, 207
negotiations (1870–1873), 85–86; turning
Shiozawa Koichi, Rear Admiral, 234, 235
points in 1860s, 68–76. See also trade
Shirakawa Yoshinori, General, 224, 227, 228,
relations; Treaty of Peace and Friendship
237, 238
Sino- Japanese relations, deterioration in
Shiwubao (newspaper), 136
(1992–2018): China’s dominance in Asia
shogunate, 30, 38, 42. See also Tokugawa and, 370–374; Emperor Akihito’s visit to
period
China (1992), 356–358; heightened
Shosoin Trea sure House, 19
Sino- American tensions and, 401–403;
Shotoku, Prince, 3, 7, 9, 471n4; ascent to lowest point (2010–2014), 386–392;
imperial position, 17; Buddhism introduced
Patriotic Education Campaign in China,
to Japan by, 19, 20; Horyuji Temple and, 24;
365–370; sources of, 358–365; stabilization
“twelve- cap system” and, 8
and easing of tensions, 392–401; transition
Showa emperor, 207, 230
to China’s dominance (1993–2012), 374–386.
Shuihu houzhuan (Sequel to Water
See also Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands
Margin), 47
Sino- Japanese War, First (1894–1895), 78, 81,
Siberia, 91, 182, 289, 429
89, 97, 162, 246, 407, 412; antecedents of, Sichuan earthquake (2008), 385–386, 389
115–118; battles and campaigns of, 118–123;
Sichuan province, 276, 277
China at disadvantage in, 90; factors behind
silk industry, 94
Japan’s victory in, 112; impact of Japa nese
Simokobe Atsushi, 348
victory, 129–131; Japa nese strategy in, 242;
Sino- French War (1883–1885), 107, 176
Korean issue and, 100, 303; in Manchuria,
Sino- Japanese relations: agenda for future
114; military ambitions of Meiji Japan and,
cooperation, 415–416; airline flights, 336,
99; reform advocates in China and, 134–136;
396; “Asakai’s nightmare” and turn to
Taiwan acquired by Japan after, 175; Triple
Tanaka (1970–1972), 322–326; “Asia for the
Intervention of Western powers following,
Asians” diplomacy and, 138–143; channels
127–129, 130. See also Shimonoseki, Treaty of
. 517 .
Index
Sino- Japanese War, Second (1937–1945), 171,
Southeast Asia, 36, 42, 45, 74, 279, 369;
184, 188, 248–250, 406, 419, 422; campaigns Chinese merchants in, 64; Eu ro pean
in North China and Shanghai, 252–256;
colonies in, 266; Japa nese business interests
Communist and Nationalist base areas,
in, 395–396; Japa nese tourists in, 399;
274–278; Deng Xiaoping in, 424, 425; home Japan’s bid for UN Security Council seat
front in Japan, 280–281; Hundred
and, 382–383, 384; postwar Japa nese Regiments Campaign, 274, 275; Ichigo
politicians’ visits, 456; Toyotomi Hideyo-
Campaign, 278–280, 293; impacts on China shi’s ambition to conquer, 48
and Japan, 282–285; Japa nese civilians in
Soviet Union, 426, 435, 464; border clashes war time China, 272–273; Japa nese school
with China, 287, 322, 359; China’s split with, textbooks and, 351, 406, 408, 413; Japan’s
311, 319; Chinese Communists and, 424;
apologies for aggression and atrocities,
Cold War and, 286, 302; collapse of (1991),
330–331, 332, 342, 343, 367, 369, 375, 377–378,
359, 363, 364, 365, 410; factories in
379, 384, 411, 414; legacy of, 281–282; local Manchuria stripped by, 453; German
administration in Japanese- occupied areas,
invasion of, 278; influence on Chiang
268–272; military balance on eve of war,
Kai- shek, 421; Japa nese plans for war with,
250–252; Nanjing massacre and, 256–262,
250–251, 266; Japa nese prisoners in Siberia,
281, 351–352, 367, 406, 408; Patriotic
289; Japa nese troops defeated at Nomonhan
Education Campaign and memory of, 367;
(1939), 266; Japan’s oil de pen dency on, 335,
po liti cal frictions of 1980s and, 351–352;
337; Mao’s alliance and break with, 469; in
puppet government of Wang Jing wei,
race to take over Japa nese facilities in
267–268; unoccupied areas of China,
Manchuria, 294, 295; Sino- Japanese
273–274; Xuzhou and Wuhan battles,
relations and, 336–337; support for Chinese
262–267, 272. See also Manchurian Incident Nationalists, 295, 448
Sino- Soviet Treaty (1950), 305
Spain / Spanish empire, 46, 53, 180
smuggling, 36, 41, 44–45
Spencer, Herbert, 110, 242, 439
Smythe, Lewis, 261
Stalin, Joseph, 197, 222, 295, 303–304
social Darwinism, 166
Stilwell, General Joseph, 277, 279, 423
Socialist Party, Japa nese, 311, 315, 327, 375
Stimson, Henry L., 232, 233
Soejima Taneomi, 86–87
Stoessel, Walter, Jr., 324
Soga clan, 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11
“Strategy for Korea, A” (Huang Zunxian), 102
Soldiers’ Riot. See Imo Uprising
Study Group for Japa nese Self- Sufficiency, 280
Somin (Buddhist monk), 7
Su, Prince, 160–161
Sone Toshitora, 89, 113
Sugimoto Nobuyuki, 333
Song (Soong) Ailing, 421
Sugiyama Akira, 146, 150
Song (Soong) Meiling, 276, 421, 448
Sui dynasty (581–618), 1, 3, 6, 7, 21, 340;
Song dynasty (960–1279), 30, 34, 310; Northern orga nizational complexity of, 8; ship-Song, 33, 38, 264; Southern Song, 32, 37, 40
building during, 30
Song Qingling, 448
Suiko, Empress, 1, 2, 3, 4, 392; Chinese emperor Song Taizong, Emperor, 38–39
and, 9; spread of Buddhism to Japan and,
Sonoda Sunao, 342, 358–359, 445
6–7; tribute missions to China and,
7
Soong, Charlie, 448
Sumitomo com pany, 180, 395
Soong, T. V. , 229
Sun Fo, 233–234, 239
South Manchurian Railway (Mantetsu), 129,
Sun Jiagu, 71
175, 181, 182, 190; civilian officials of, 208,
Sun Pinghua, 328
225; contact with local officials and
Sun Yat- sen (Sun Zhongshan, Son Bun), 138,
warlords, 199; Japa nese governance of
140, 141–142, 151, 310, 443, 445–449; Chiang Manchuria and, 187–193, 195; Manchurian Kai- shek and, 420–421, 448, 449; Chinese Incident and, 230; Research Department,
students in Japan and, 169; death of, 208,
191, 192, 199, 432. See also Chinese Eastern
421, 444, 449; entombment of, 231;
Railway
expectations of Japan, 168; in Japan, 161,
. 518 .
Index
446; power strug gle with Yuan Shikai,
Takezoe Shinichiro, 109
204–205, 208, 445, 447–448; Revolution Tale of Poverty, The (Kawakami), 467
(1911) in China and, 204–205; son of,
Tanaka Giichi, 224, 225–226, 227–228, 237
233–234; Soviet support for, 222, 295, 448;
Tanaka Kakuei, 310, 358, 430, 453–457;
Three Princi ples of, 447; tomb at Purple
Lockheed scandal (1976) and, 341, 457;
Mountain, 267; Wang Jing wei and, 457, 458,
normalization of relations with China as
460; Washington Conference and, 216
goal, 328; in Sato cabinet, 325; trade relations
Sze, Alfred, 214, 216, 217
with United States and, 329–330; Treaty of
Peace and Friendship (1978) and, 341–342;
Taewongun ( Grand Premier of Korea), 75–76,
visit to China (1972), 327, 330–333, 337
96, 101, 104–105, 118
Tanaka Ryukichi, Major General, 235
Taiho Code (701), 12–13
Tang dynasty (618–906), 3, 7, 15, 21, 30, 36, 133;
Taihoku Imperial University (Taiwan
decline and collapse of, 29–30; Japa nese
University), 181
learning from China during, 74, 174, 340;
Taika ( Great Change) Reforms (645), 10–11
kentoshi envoys to, 8; victory over Japan in
Taiping Rebellion, 66, 68, 84, 116, 122;
Korean Peninsula, 11–12; Xi’an (formerly,
destruction of silk industry and, 94;
Chang’an) as capital of, 357; Yiwen leiju
suppressed by Huai Army, 176, 440–441
encyclopedia, 18
Taisho, Emperor, 203, 207
Tang Jiaxuan, 397
Taisho era (1912–1926), 205–206
Tang Shengzhi, General, 257, 258–259
Taiwan, 91, 123, 124, 225, 464; aborigines of, 92,
Tang Yulin, 239–240
176, 177; Chiang Kai- shek’s rule in, 419, 424;
China and Japan Page 80
