China, 323–324
376–378, 385
Kitaoka Shinichi, 385
Jianwen, Emperor, 43
Kitera Masato, 398
Jianzhen. See Gaijin
Kobe, city of, 35, 79, 222, 448, 467
Jimmu Tenno (first earthly emperor of Japan),
Kobo Daishi. See Kukai
2, 16–17, 39
Kobun Institute, 150, 165, 169, 171, 466
Jin Lijun, 403
Kodama Gentaro, General, 177
Ji’nan Incident (1928), 407, 444
Koizumi Junichiro, 379–380, 384
Johnson, Lyndon, 454
Kojiki (A rec ord of ancient matters, 712), 4–5,
Jojin ( Japa nese monk), 39
12, 18; Japa nese historical consciousness and,
Jomei, Emperor, 9
17; as oldest Japa nese document, 16; Shinto
Jotenji Monastery (Hakata, Japan), 472n1
not mentioned in, 20
Jurchens, 32, 51
Kojong, King, 75, 96, 101, 102; Japanese- style modernization favored by, 105; Kapsin
Kaifu Toshiki, 355
Coup and, 108; returned to power, 105;
Kaigun (Evans and Peattie), 120
Tonghak Rebellion and, 116, 118
Kamachi, Noriko, 88
kokugaku (“native studies”), 60
Kamakura shogunate (1185–1333), 38, 41, 42
Komeito Party ( Japan), 311, 327
kamikaze (divine wind), 40–41, 60
Komoto Daisaku, 227
Kammu, Emperor, 14
Komura Jutaro, 141, 187, 217
Kan Naoto, 386, 389, 390
Kono Ichiro, 311
Kaneyoshi, Prince, 42
Kono Taro, 311
Kang Youwei, 134, 135–136, 142–143; in exile, Kono Yohei, 311
161; Hundred Days’ Reform and, 137, 141;
Konoe Atsumaro, 138–145, 146, 164
request for asylum in Japan, 138
Konoe Fumimaro, Prince, 140, 229, 435, 462
kangaku (Chinese learning), 60, 61–63
Koo, Wellington (Gu Weijun), 213, 214, 216,
Kanghwa Treaty (1876), 96–97, 101
217, 220
. 511 .
Index
Korea, 1, 4, 9, 15, 250–251, 369; Buddhism local officials and warlords, 199; governance
introduced in, 20; Buddhist temples in,
of Manchuria and, 433–434; growing
24; China’s suzerainty over, 101, 104, 107,
influence of, 208; headquarters of, 202;
126; colonization of, 175, 179, 431; early Ishiwara in, 432; Manchurian Incident and,
migrations to Japan from, 6; efforts by Japan
196–197, 231, 232; Marco Polo Bridge Incident to open (1873–1879), 93–96; Gentlemen’s
and, 248; operations south of the Great
Sightseeing Group, 102–103; Imo Uprising
Wall, 240; South Manchurian Railway
[Soldiers’ Riot] (1882), 100, 101–106;
(Mantetsu) and, 191
imperial family of, 75–76; in de pen dence
Kyoto, city of, 26, 34; Buddhist officials in, 39;
of, 286; Japa nese popu lar support for
Chinese tourists in, 399; as Heian period
expansion into, 111; Japan’s early commercial
capital, 14–15, 26; Kokaryo dormitory,
exchanges with, 26; Japan’s modernization
353–354; silk weavers in, 58
of, 91, 102–103, 118, 287; Kanghwa Treaty, Kyoto Imperial University, 182, 191, 310–311, 360
96–97; Kapsin Coup (1884), 106–109, 110;
Kyushu, 5, 6, 32; Christian peasants in, 53;
Koguryo kingdom, 7, 12; Meiji Japan’s
Mongol invasion of, 48; pirates from, 45
strategic concerns and, 82, 90, 93; national identity in, 177; opening of Wonsan and
Laird, Melvin, 323
Inchon, 96, 101, 111; Rus sian imperialism Lary, Diana, 201, 264
and, 183, 185; in Russo- Japanese War
League of Nations, 200, 214, 240, 305, 383, 434
(1904–1905), 186; Silla kingdom, 7, 12; in Lee Teng- hui. See Li Denghui
Sino- Japanese War (1894–1895), 118–121;
Lei Yang, 324
spread of Buddhism and, 27; Tang dynasty
Li Dazhao, 173
victory over Japan in, 11–12; trade with
Li Denghui (Lee Teng- hui), 182, 353, 359–362,
imperial China, 36; at vortex of strug gles
364
between China and Japan, 303. See also
Li Hongzhang, 70, 71, 72, 78, 103, 440–443;
Paekche kingdom
Boxer uprising and, 146, 147, 160; Chinese Korea, Hideyoshi invasion of (1592), 30, 31,
legation in Tokyo and, 87–88; disgraced
47–51, 97, 98, 100, 102, 362, 407
after Shimonoseki, 134; Korean issue and,
Korea, North, 303–307, 363, 401, 415
95, 96, 97, 104–105, 108, 442; reform agenda Korea, South, 303–307, 363, 371, 376, 401
of, 147; Ryukyu issue and, 92–93, 442; as Korean War (1950–1953), 100, 286, 302,
scapegoat, 128; Sino- Japanese War
303–307, 313, 469
(1894–1895) and, 115, 117–118;
Koreans, 16, 57; artisans, 22, 23, 24, 29, 31, 51;
treaty negotiations with Japan and, 85–86,
Chinese culture brought to Japan by, 26;
87; Treaty of Shimonoseki and, 123, 125,
end of Japa nese identity after World
126–127, 442–443; Treaty of Tianjin and, 81
War II, 291–292; in imperial China, 11; in Li Jingfang, 125
Manchuria, 433; in Mongol- led forces, 40;
Li Keqiang, 400
murdered after earthquake in Japan (1923),
Li Peng, 375
220; shipbuilders, 49; spread of Buddhism
Li Shuchang, 114
and, 19, 21; students in Japan, 467; tensions Li Yiwen, 38
with Japa nese occupiers, 179
Li Zongren, 262, 264, 272, 458
Kosaka Zentaro, 330
Liang Qichao, 136, 137, 138, 142, 169, 241, 242; in Kotoku, Emperor, 10, 11
exile, 161; magazines of, 165–166, 438
Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong), 55, 56, 177
Liao, Cynthia, 444
Kublai Khan, 30, 40
Liao Chengzhi, 292, 310, 443–445, 448, 450,
Kukai, 15
453; Cultural Revolution and, 321, 322;
Kume Kunitake, 74
death of, 258; Deng Xiaoping’s visit to Japan
Kurashiki Rayon, 320
and, 338; meetings with Takasaki, 295,
Kurihara Hiroyuki, 390
315–316, 319; Tanaka’s visit to China and, 331
Kwantung Army, 190, 193–195, 196, 198, 239;
Liao dynasty (970–1125), 32
chain of command and, 222; contact with
Liao Zhongkai, 443, 444, 448, 458
. 512 .
Index
Liao- Takasaki (L- T) agreements (1962), 312,
Manchuria, colonization of, 175–176, 210, 340;
316, 318–321, 322, 450, 453
Japa nese relations with native population,
Liaodong Peninsula, 124, 130, 182, 191, 213;
272, 273; Kwantung Army and, 190, 193–195;
Japa nese military buildup in, 194; returned
legacy of, 202; Manchukuo (In de pen dent
to China, 128, 132; Rus sian takeover of, 128,
Kingdom of Manchuria), 162, 198–200, 241,
182, 184–185; Sino- Japanese War
433; migration from Taiwan to Manchuria,
(1894–1895) and, 119, 121, 175; Treaty of
181; period of Japa nese rule (1905–1945),
Shimonoseki and, 126; Washington
182–184; South Manchuria
n Railway
Conference and status of, 217
(Mantetsu) and, 187–193
Liberal Demo cratic Party [LDP] ( Japan), 311,
Manchurian Incident (1931), 176, 196–198, 199,
312, 428, 455; dependence on the U.S., 386;
201, 407, 412, 430; as act of military formation of, 315; period of stable govern-insubordination, 209, 230–233, 432–433;
ment under, 371; Sino- Japanese tensions
Chinese protests on anniversary of, 352–353,
and, 389; Tanaka’s visit to China and, 329
368; main conspirators behind, 200. See also
Liberal Party ( Japan), 140, 311, 462
Sino- Japanese War, Second (1937–1945)
Lin Biao, 253
Manchus, 53, 54, 55, 66, 104, 158; Chiang Lin Gao, 55
Kai- shek’s opposition to, 419–420; end of
literacy, 16, 27, 62, 66, 186; in Chinese Manchu rule in China, 162; humiliated in
characters, 6; illiteracy, 15, 133; Japa nese Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), 127, 131;
intellectuals’ literacy in Chinese, 89; Japan’s
nationalists’ goal to overthrow, 138; social
military modernization and, 77
Darwinist view of, 166; top officials in
Liu Bocheng, 275, 425
Beijing, 124. See also Qing dynasty
Liu Kunyi, 134, 143–144, 146, 164
“Mandate of Heaven,” 17
Liu Mingchuan, 176–177
Manpukuji Temple, 62
Liu Shaoqi, 425
Manyoshu (Collection of poetry, 759), 16, 17–18
Liuqiu. See Ryukyu Islands
Mao Zedong, 313, 317, 419, 425, 426; Cultural Lockheed scandal (1976), 341, 457
Revolution and, 321; death of, 343; economic
London Naval Conference (1930), 229
relations with Japan cut off by, 318; Japa nese
Lu Xun, 173
officials and, 444; Korean War and,
Luo Sen, 79
305–306; negotiations with Chiang
Kai-shek, 294; Nixon’s visit to China and,
Ma Chaochun, 258, 260
324; normalization of Sino- Japanese
Ma Hong, 348
relations and, 333, 339; Peasant Training
Ma Licheng, 381–382
Institute founded by, 446, 448; relationship
Ma Zhanshan, 201
with Zhou Enlai, 469–470; in Sino-
Macao, 55
Japanese War (1937–1945), 274–275;
MacArthur, General Douglas, 297, 306,
Tanaka’s visit to China and, 331
462–463, 464
Marco Polo Bridge Incident (1937), 248–249,
MacDonald, Ramsay, 233
253, 375, 435
MacKinnon, Stephen, 265
Marine Trade Superintendence Office
Manchukuo. See Manchuria
(Shibosi), 35
Manchuria, 48, 51, 286; Japan’s modernization Maritime Customs Ser vice, Chinese, 160
of, 91, 413; population statistics (1930), 199;
Marshall, General George, 294, 469
postwar repatriation of Japa nese in, 449,
Marxism, 299, 311, 467
451; race to take over Japa nese facilities in,
Matsudaira Nagayashi, 301
293–295; railways in, 129, 175, 181, 182, 183;
Matsumae clan / domain, 67, 90
repatriation of Japa nese civilians after
Matsumoto Kamejiro, 466
World War II, 289; Rus sian activities in, 90,
Matsumura Kenzo, 311
146, 161, 167, 182; Russo- Japanese War Matsuoka Yosuke, 240
(1904–1905) and, 186–187, 188; Sino-Matsushita Konosuke, 340–341
Japanese War (1894–1895) in, 114, 120
May Fourth Movement (1919), 110
. 513 .
Index
May Thirtieth Incident (1925), 223
Mongols, 4, 32; attempted invasions of Japan,
medicine: Chinese practice of, 59; Japa nese
40–41, 48, 93; as ethnic minority in China, 66
colonial governance of Taiwan and, 178
Monks, 137–139
Meiji, Emperor, 10, 73, 75, 76, 85, 436; death of, Monono be, 2
203, 205–207, 219; education of, 79–80;
Mori Arinori, 81, 87, 95–96, 109
interest in foreign affairs, 79; military bud get
Murai Kuramatsu, 234, 238
and, 114; portrait displayed in schools, 152;
Murayama Declaration (1995), 375
Treaty of Shimonoseki and, 124
Murayama Tomiichi, 375
Meiji period, 61, 109, 122, 303; Constitution music / musical instruments, 2, 19, 26, 27
(1889), 206, 218, 219, 437; efforts to open Muslim Rebellion, 66
Korae (1873–1879), 93–96; foreign
Mussolini, Benito, 462
relations of, 79–81; information and
Mutsu Munemitsu, 122, 437
intelligence about China, 112–115; Japan
facing outward (1869–1879), 90–91;
Nagai Michio, 348
modernization and study abroad
Nagaoka Gaishi, 225
emphasized in, 72–76; Occupation- period
Nagara Tetsuzan, General, 244
view of, 298; Senzaimaru visit (1862), 74,
Nagasaki, city of, 45, 67, 68, 79; China’s
81–85; study tours for Chinese officials,
Beiyang Fleet in, 112; Chinatown in, 53, 63,
148–153
64; Chinese mi grants to, 55; Fujian province
Meiji Restoration, 66, 68, 76, 85, 98; genro and trade with, 182; as only open port in
generation, 198, 206, 207, 212, 218; Korea’s Tokugawa period, 35, 52, 93; trade with modernization modeled after, 103, 106;
Qing China, 57–59, 63–64
samurai class and, 107; Tokugawa re sis tance
Nagata Tetsuzan, General, 245, 439
to, 430–431
Naito Konan, 299
Memorandum on Sino- Japanese Long- Term
Nakasone Yasuhiro, 350–351, 352, 354, 363, 396,
Comprehensive Trade. See Liao- Takasaki
409, 445
(L- T) agreements
Nanjing, city of, 224, 253, 419; established as Memorandum Trade Agreement (1968), 322
capital by Chiang Kai- shek, 256, 275, 422;
Merchant Steamship Navigation Com pany,
massacre by Japa nese troops (1937),
441–442
256–262, 281, 300, 351–352, 367, 386, 406,
Miki Takeo, 354
408; Memorial Hall for the Victims of the
Min, Queen, 75, 101, 104
Nanjing Massacre, 386; national puppet
Minami Jiro, 231
government in, 267–268; war time
Ming dynasty (1368–1644), 30, 52, 256, 319,
government in, 161
362, 412, 473n2; campaigns against Japa nese Nara, city of, 6, 7, 11, 35, 399
pirates, 45; Japa nese invasion of Korea
Nara period (710–794), 14, 21, 25–26, 133
repulsed by, 49–50; Ming loyalists in
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 317
Taiwan and Japan, 54–57, 58, 307; tribute nationalism, Chinese, 166, 172, 175, 395, 465;
system and, 41, 43, 44, 50
alliance with Soviet Union and, 303;
Minseito Party ( Japan), 228, 229
Japa nese control of Manchuria and, 184,
Mitsubishi com pany, 180, 211, 220, 395
201; Sun’s Three Princi ples and, 447; in war
Mitsui Bussan, 112, 153
against Japan, 239
Mitsui com pany, 180, 225, 229, 395
nationalism, Japa nese, 22, 94, 152, 438–439;
Mitter, Rana, 201
Qing China and, 60–61; ultranationalists,
/> Miyajima Seiichiro, 89
193, 209, 230
Miyazaki Isamu, 348
Nationalist Party, Chinese. See Guomin dang
Miyazaki Kiichi, 357
neo- Confucianism, 39, 60
Miyazaki Torazo (Miyazaki Toten), 141, 143,
New Policies ( Xinzheng), 147, 164, 165
169, 446
NHK tele vi sion network. See Tokyo
Miyazawa Kiichi, 334, 460
Broadcasting System Corporation
Mongolia, 252, 266, 433
Nian Rebellion, 66, 122
. 514 .
Index
Nihon shoki [ Nihongi] (The chronicles of
Battle of Midway, 280; military balance on eve
Japan, 720), 4–5, 8, 16, 17
of, 251; Pearl Harbor attack, 117, 281, 297,
Nikai Toshihiro, 385–386
435, 462; U.S. airfields in Pacific islands,
Ningbo, city of, 31, 32, 35, 36, 64, 182
279. See also World War II
Nippon Yusen Kaisha (NYK), 112
Paekche kingdom ( Korea), 3, 5, 7; bureaucratic Nishimiya Shinichi, 397–398
system of, 9; invaded by Tang forces, 12;
Nissan com pany, 451
Japa nese troops in support of, 12, 100;
Nisshin Boeki Kenkyujo ( Japan- China
spread of Buddhism and, 6
Trading Research Center), 113
Paine, Sarah, 122
Nitobe Inazo, 179, 181
Pal, Radhabinod, 301
Niwa Uichiro, 387, 388, 397–398
pan- Asianism, 138, 168–169, 222, 225
Nixon, Richard, 309–310, 323–324, 329–330,
Panikkar, K. M., 306
362, 401, 455
Park Chong- Hee, 304
Noda Yoshihiko, 389–391
Patriotic Education Campaign, 365–369, 410
Nogi Maresuke, General, 177, 207
Pei Hua, 381
Nomonhan Incident (1939), 266
Peng Dehuai, General, 274, 275, 318
Nomura Kichisaburo, Admiral, 237, 238
Peng Zhen, 311
Northeast National Salvation Society, 201
Perry, Commodore Matthew, 65, 68, 72, 79, 94
Pescadores Islands, 125
Oba Osamu, 63
Philippines, 180
Obuchi Keizo, 376, 377–378
pirates, Japa nese, 30, 44–47, 54, 362, 412
Oda Nobunaga, 47
Port Arthur (Lushun), 128, 183, 194, 210;
Ogyu Sorai, 62
Japa nese capture and control of, 186, 187;
Ohira Masayoshi, 328, 331, 347, 358, 456, 460
railway connections to, 184, 185; Rus sian
Oka Senjin, 89, 110
takeover of, 128, 184; in Sino- Japanese War
Okamatsu Santaro, 191–192
(1894–1895), 119–122, 123, 162
Okamura Yasuji, 439
Portsmouth Treaty (1905), 194, 217
Okinawa, 93, 336, 372, 373. See also Ryukyu Portugal / Portuguese empire, 46, 49, 53, 56
Islands
Potsdam Agreement (1945), 287–288, 373
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