cruelties and, 285; rebuilding from Sino-
Curtis, Gerald, 380
Japanese War (1937–1945) delayed by, 282
Cixi, Empress Dowager, 69–70, 72, 75, 115, 137
Dai Bingguo, 388
clans ( uji), in Japan, 2, 5, 11, 471n2
Dai Nihonshi (A history of great Japan), 57
Clark, William, 428
daimyo (feudal lords of Japan), 48, 52, 54
Clinton, Bill, 361, 365, 377
Dalian, city of, 121, 123, 128, 183, 210; Japa nese Coble, Parks, 201
troops in, 194; Japanese- built architecture
coin currency, 25, 33, 34, 472n1
in, 202; railway connections through, 187
Cold War, 286, 287, 300–303, 361, 363, 428
Dan Takuma, 229
colonialism, 110–111, 214, 411
Daoism, 17
Columbia University, Chinese gradu ates
Darwin, Charles, 242
of, 213
Date Munenari, 85
“comfort women,” 281–282
Day, Jenny Huangfu, 70
Commission for Sino- Japanese Friendship in
Dazaifu, 34, 35, 37
the Twenty- First Century, 351, 353
Debuchi Katsuji, 232
Common Culture Association, East Asia, 141,
democracy, 163, 284, 298, 447, 463; excess
143, 145, 146, 155
of, 90
Common Culture Society (Dobunkai), 141
Demo cratic Party of Japan, 386, 389, 390
Communist Party, Chinese, 173, 202, 222, 410,
Deng Xiaoping, 144, 174, 311, 345, 346, 396,
444; appeal to patriotism and, 365–370;
424–427; Cultural Revolution and, 337,
Civil War with Nationalists, 423–424;
341–342; cultural ties with Japan and, 350;
contacts with leftist parties in Japan, 311;
exit from power, 358; foreign visitors to
founding of (1921), 465, 468; impact of war
China and, 334; “income doubling” goal and,
on, 282, 283; Long March, 274, 422, 425,
320; military expenditures of China and,
444, 469; policy change with Deng
364; normalization of relations with Japan
Xiaoping, 426; in race to take over Japa nese
and, 333, 367, 445, 453; Patriotic Education facilities in Manchuria, 294–295; Sun
Campaign and, 365–369; Tian anmen
Yat- sen honored as father of 1911 Revolu-
Square protests (1989) crushed by, 427; visit
tion, 449; United Front with Nationalists,
to Japan (1978), 337–343, 374, 376, 381, 385
251, 296, 421, 444, 468; Wang Jing wei Deng Yingchao, 466, 468
considered a traitor by, 268; in war against
Detring, Gustav, 123–124
Japan, 240, 253, 274–275, 278. See also Diaoyu Islands. See Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands
China, People’s Republic of
Ding Ruchang, Admiral, 121
. 507 .
Index
Dogen (Zen Budhhist monk, Japan;
threat by Qing dynasty, 176; silk industry,
1200–1253), 38
94; war with Qing China, 107, 176
Doihara Kenji, 439
Franco- Prussian War (1870–1871), 76, 123
Doko Toshio, 346
Freeman, Chas, 364
Duan Qirui, 214, 216
Friendship and Trade Treaty (1871), 85
Dulles, John Foster, 303, 312–313, 464
Fujian province, 36, 45, 54, 188, 397; Japan’s Dutch, 46, 53; colonial empire in Southeast
expansion plans and, 182; links with Taiwan,
Asia, 111; Nagasaki trade and, 67, 83; in
176, 177, 307; Ming loyalists in, 55; Quemoy Taiwan, 56
and Matsu islands off coast of, 317; smuggling
Dutch East India Com pany, 190
into, 44; Taiwan incorporated as part of,
“Dutch learning,” 63
56, 92
Fukuda Hikosuke, General, 226
Edo, city of, 52, 63, 66, 67, 73. See also Tokyo, Fukuda Takeo, 174, 327, 342, 385, 456, 460
city of
Fukuda Yasuo, 385, 386, 396
education, China’s modernization and,
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 102–103, 106, 109–110, 115,
150–153, 172; Japa nese advisers and teachers
242, 438–439
in China, 154–155; Manchuria under
Japa nese rule, 192; Nankai Middle School,
Gaiko jiho [ Revue diplomatique] (journal), 162
465, 466; Taiwan under Japa nese rule, 181;
“Gang of Four,” 330, 333
teacher education and university develop-
Ganjin (monk; Ch: Jianzhen), 25, 27–28, 320
ment, 155–158
Geneva Conference on Indochina (1954), 314,
Eisai ( Japa nese monk, 1141–1215), 38
315, 369
Eki Hioki ( Japanese minister to Beijing), 212
Geneva Convention (1864), 76, 162
Embree, John, 250
Genghis Khan, 47
Ennin, diary of, 15, 33
Gentlemen’s Agreement, 210
Eon (Buddhist monk), 7
Gentlemen’s Sightseeing Group (1881),
Eto Shimpei, 98
102, 106
Eto Shinkichi, 321–322
Germany, 76, 91, 139, 206; Cold War division examination system (China), 11, 67, 88;
of, 303; holdings in China lost
abolition of (1905), 147, 164; jinshi degree, to Japan, 211; intervention after Treaty of
45, 440; New Policies ( Xinzheng) and, 147
Shimonoseki, 128; Japa nese students in, 162;
extraterritoriality, 130
Nazi regime, 429; Nuremberg trials, 300;
public health program of Bismarck, 178;
Fairbank, John, 277
Qingdao taken over by, 129; in World War
Fan Yuanlian, 157, 174
II, 266
February 26 coup (1936), 209, 244, 245, 430, 434
Godaigo, Emperor, 42
Feng Yuxiang, 448, 459
Gong, Prince, 69, 70, 77, 87, 124, 441, 442
financial crisis, Asian (1997), 370, 376
Goto Shimpei, 178–179, 181, 190–193
financial crisis, global (2008), 371
Gottschang, Thomas, 201
Five- Article Charter Oath (1868), 10
Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere, 266,
Flowers of War (Chinese film, 2011), 367
309, 460
Fogel, Joshua, 5, 30, 82, 273
Great Leap Forward, 174, 287, 312, 318, 425,
Foguang Temple (Mount Wutai, China), 24
470; China’s suffering from, 320; as disaster,
Four Article Edict (646), 10
321, 347; First Five- Year Plan destroyed by,
Four Generations under One Roof (Chinese
344
1985 TV drama), 352
Grew, Joseph, 462
France, 76, 91, 123, 458; Chinese Communists Group of Seven (G7) Economic Summit, 355
in, 424, 465; Chinese students in, 170–171,
Gu Mu, 346, 347, 348
468; influence in China, 129–130;
Gu Zhenghong, 223
intervention after Treaty of Shimonoseki,
Guangdong province, 35, 88, 130, 171, 295;
128; seen as threat by Japan, 115; seen as
industry in, 295; Japa nese interests in, 143;
. 508 .
Index
Nationalist activism in, 446, 447, 448; as Hata Ikuhiko, 261–262
one of Three Feudatories, 53; in Sino-
Hatoyama Ichiro, 312, 315–316, 317, 427, 462
Japanese War (1937–1945), 234; smuggling
Hatoyama Yukio, 386, 390
into, 44
>
Hattori Unokichi, 155–158, 159, 174
Guangxu, Emperor, 69, 70, 75, 80, 120, 136, 137
Hayashi Shihei, 61, 98
Guangzhou, city of, 35, 36, 64, 78, 214, 216, 222,
He Ruzhang (Ho Ju- chang), 88
233, 405, 421, 431, 443, 444, 446,
Heian period (794–1185), 14–15, 26
447, 448, 458
Himiko, Empress, 5
Gulf War (1990–1991), 362, 363, 365
Hirohito, Emperor, 197, 198, 207, 228, 238;
Guo Moruo, 173, 310, 314, 320
death of, 356; Deng Xiaoping’s meeting
Guo Songling, 195
with, 342; Kwantung Army and, 240;
Guo Taiqi, 238
Manchurian Incident and, 232; Showa
Guomin dang (Chinese Nationalist Party), 182,
as reign name for, 230; Yasukuni Shrine
208, 286, 419, 444, 445, 469; base areas in visits abandoned by, 301
Sino- Japanese War (1937–1945), 275–278;
Hirota Koki, 299
Central Executive Committee, 468; Central
Hitler, Adolf, 462
Standing Committee, 458; established by
Hokkaido (Ezo), 54, 90, 91, 376, 399
Sun Yat- sen, 446; flight to Taiwan, 292, 307,
Hong Kong, 64, 83, 143; British lease
360; impact of war on, 282–283; Japa nese over New Territories, 129, 187, 209;
civilians in postwar Manchuria and, 452;
Senkaku / Diaoyu Islands dispute and, 372,
military forces of, 236; in race to take over
374
Japa nese facilities in Manchuria, 294–295;
Hoover, Herbert, 232, 450
Soviet support for, 222; splintered into
Hoppens, Robert, 332
factions (1920s), 223; strategy in war against
Horyuji Temple, 23–24
Japan, 245; Sun Yat- sen honored as father
Hosokawa family, 43, 45
of 1911 Revolution, 449; United Front with
Hotta Masayoshi, 68
Communists, 251, 296, 421, 444, 468;
Hu Hanmin, 444
Wang Jing wei considered a traitor by, 268
Hu Jintao, 336, 350, 371, 380, 384–385, 392
Hu Shi, 240, 244
Haiguo tuzhi [An illustrated treatise on the
Hu Weiyong, 42
maritime kingdom] (Wei Yuan, 1844),
Hu Yaobang, 350, 351, 352, 353
67–68
Hua Guofeng, 343, 344–345, 425–426
Hakata (Fukuoka), port of, 32, 34, 35, 41
Huang Fu, 240
Hakka (“guest people”), 66, 88, 177, 178, 443;
Huang Hua, 342
settlement in southern China, 290; Sun
Huang Xing, 169
Yat- sen and, 446
Huang Zunxian (Huang Tsun- hsien), 88–90,
Hakodate, city of, 79, 82
102, 114, 135
Hamaguchi Osachi, 228–230
Huangpu (Whampoa) Military Acad emy, 421,
Han (ethnic majority in China), 66, 158
422, 444, 448, 458; Chiang Kai- shek as Han dynasty (221–206 BC), 4, 33
leader of, 222, 446, 448; comparison with Hangzhou, city of, 32, 35
Baoding Military Acad emy, 265; established
Hankou, 203, 273
with Soviet aid, 222; Zhou Enlai at, 222,
Hanshu (Rec ords of the Han dynasty, 82), 5
446, 468
Hara Takashi, 208, 212, 213, 216, 218–219, 230
Hughes, Charles Evans, 215, 216
Haraguchi Kaname, 155
Hunan province, 144, 171, 293, 447
Harbin, city of, 273, 436; Japa nese occupation
Hundred Days’ Reform (China), 136–138, 141,
of, 433; railway connections through, 183,
145, 155
185, 187
Harding, Warren, 215, 216
Iguchi Shogo, Major General, 185
Harris, Townsend, 68
Ikeda Daisaku, 312
Hart, Sir Robert, 78, 117
Ikeda Hayato, 319, 320, 460
. 509 .
Index
Imo Uprising [Soldiers’ Riot] (1882), 100,
modeled after, 102; Japan’s national policy
101–106
and, 246; military modernization and, 106
Imperial Japa nese Army, 124, 134; conflicting
Iwakura Tomomi, Count, 74, 80, 81, 95
war plans within, 267; Toseiha (Control
Iwasaki Yataro, 220
Faction), 244, 245
Imperial Japa nese Navy, 120, 124, 234, 251
Jakusho ( Japa nese monk), 39
imperialism, Japa nese, 167, 287–288, 291
Jansen, Marius, 64
imperialism, Western, 75, 172, 459; China’s Japan: advantage in responding to Western
“ century of humiliation” and, 366; Japan’s
challenges, 65–68; Buddhism introduced to,
re sis tance to, 268, 332; pan- Asianism
19–22, 26, 27, 29; Chinese and Korean against, 222; social Darwinism and, 166
migrations to, 6; Chinese students in, 131,
Inayama Yoshihiro, 339
465–466; civil war (672), 12; collapse Ingen. See Yin Yuan
of colonial empire, 287–288; disorder
Ingles, John, 119
following death of Emperor Meiji,
Inoue Junnosuke, 229, 231
205–207; emperor system in, 9–10, 16–17,
Inoue Kaoru, 106
80; Heian period (794–1185), 14–15, 26;
International Military Tribunal. See Tokyo
learning from China (600–838), 7–10,
War Crimes Trials
26–28, 31; military ascendancy in
Inukai Tsuyoshi, 140, 198, 225, 229, 238–239;
(1911–1937), 207–209; Ming loyalists in,
assassination of, 239; Manchurian Incident
54–57; Nara period (710–794), 14, 21;
and, 231
repatriation of Japa nese civilians after
Isawa Shuji, 181
World War II, 288–293; resumed tribute
Ise, Great Shrine of, 23
missions to China, 31, 41–44; Taika
Ishibashi Tanzan, 184, 200, 207, 226, 427–430; as Reforms (645), 10–11; Taisho era (1912–1926),
“friend of China,” 318; postwar Sino-
205–206; textile industry, 105; as
Japanese relations and, 316, 317; as realist
treaty- port power, 132; tribute missions to
about Manchurian colonization, 210;
China, 1, 4, 5, 22, 26, 38; Warring States Shanghai Incident and, 237
period, 47, 51; written language adopted
Ishihara Shintaro, 390
from China, 1, 5, 15, 26. See also Meiji period; Ishiwara Kanji, 98, 117, 188, 196–197, 200,
Tokugawa period
430–436, 439; February 26 attempted coup Japan, Al ied Occupation of (1945–1952), 286,
and, 245, 430, 434; Manchurian Incident
301, 363, 410, 429–430, 452, 460; Cold War and, 230–231, 430, 432–433, 435; Marco and “reverse course” (1947), 301–303; Japan’s
Polo Bridge Incident and, 435; Shanghai
comprehensive reor ga ni za tion and, 287,
Incident and, 235
297–299; peace treaty ending, 312, 313;
Ishizaka Taizo, 315
postwar Constitution (1947), 220, 392, 407;
Itagaki Seijiro, 439
Sino- Japanese relations and, 314, 404;
Itagaki Seishiro, Col o nel, 200, 230–231,
Yoshida and, 462–464
235, 432–433
Japan, modernization of, 67, 72–76, 102;
Ito Chu, 395
military modernization, 76–77, 106, 111;
Ito Hirobumi, 78, 80, 108, 137, 436�
��438, 442;
victory in First Sino-Japanese War
assassination of, 447; on Iwakura
(1894–1895), and, 130
Mission, 74, 81, 139, 436; negotiations Japan, post- Occupation: burst of bubble
with Great Britain and, 122; opening of
economy (1989), 359; Chinese visitors to,
Korea and, 95; Treaty of Shimonoseki
343, 398–399, 405; concern with China’s and, 124, 125, 127
military power, 364; Economic Planning
Itochu trading com pany, 397–398
Agency (Keizai kikakucho), 315, 347;
Iwakura Mission (1871–1873), 70–71, 73,
heightened Sino- American tensions (2017)
74, 76, 81, 94–95, 143; Charter Oath and, 401–403; MITI (Ministry of Trade
and, 148; Eu ro pean colonialism and,
and Industry), 320, 325, 343; weakening of
110–111; Gentlemen’s Sightseeing Group
alliance with United States, 364–365
. 510 .
Index
Japan Airlines ( JAL), 336
Kano Jigoro, 139–140, 150–151, 155; Kobun Japan- China Basic Economic Association, 339,
Institute and, 165, 466; Teachers College
349
and, 157, 159
Japan- China Basic Relations Treaty (1940),
Kato Koichi, 357, 379
460
Kato Takaaki, 211, 220
Japan- U.S. Joint Declaration on Security
Kato Tomosaburo, Admiral, 216
Alliance for the Twenty- First Century
Katsura Taro, 76, 77, 98, 111, 113
(1996), 365
Kawabata Teiji, 238
Japa nese, The: A Foreigner’s Analy sis (Jiang
Kawakami Hajime, 311, 467
Baili), 440
Kawashima Naniwa, 89, 158–162
Japa nese language, 18, 269–270; in Korea, 288;
Kawashima Yoshiko (Eastern Jewel), 235
in Manchuria, 192, 288; in Taiwan, 181, 288,
Keidanren business federation, 315, 346
360
Kennan, George, 302, 303, 306
Jesuits, 45–46, 53, 56
Kennedy, John, 454
JETRO ( Japan External Trade Organ ization),
kentoshi (envoys sent to the Tang), 8
343, 347
Kido Takeyoshi, 74, 81
Ji Pengfei, 331
Kim Dae- jung, 376, 377
Ji Yihui, 169, 171
Kim Hong- jip, 101–102
Jiang Baili, 235, 423, 438–440; China’s strategy Kim Il Sung, 304–305
against Japan and, 241–243, 255; One Kim Ok- kyun, 102–103, 106–109, 111, 115–116
Foreigner’s Study of the Japa nese, 244; “three
Kishi Nobusuke, 188–189, 317–318, 324, 351,
yangs” retreat strategy, 236
392, 428
Jiang Guangnai, General, 235
Kissinger, Henry, 309, 313, 464–465, 469; on Jiang Qing, 333
U.S.- Japanese security treaty, 334; visit to
Jiang Zemin, 356, 357, 358, 362, 371, 375,
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