France, disinformation campaign against, 624–626
Frankfurt School, American military education and, 209–211, 215, 220
Franks, Martin, 592
Franks, Tommy, 240, 250, 615, 629
Frederick, Ivan, 528
FreeArabVoice.org (website), 727n.3, 776
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Abu Ghraib prison scandal investigation and, 516–517
“Freedom Task Force,” 833
Freeman magazine, 176
FreeRepublic.com (website), 587–588
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), 394
French Revolution, 65–66
Freud, Sigmund, military education and, 211
Friedman, Thomas, 276, 464
Friendly fire incidents in Iraq war, 626–627
Frist, Bill, 156
Fromm, Erich, 211
Frontline television show, 250
Frum, David, 74, 112, 171, 175–176, 179
Fulford, Carlton Jr., 494
Fuller, Craig, 833
Fuller, J. F. C., 219
Gaffney, Frank Jr., 86, 102, 111, 257
Gaghan, Fred, 728
Galloway, George, 633–634
Gandhi, Mahatma, 139, 165
Gardiner, Sam, 604–642
Garen, Jeffrey, 9
Garment, Leonard, 262–263
Garner, Jay, 200, 272
Garofalo, Janeane, 592
Garrett, Garet, 117
Gasser, Hans-Peter, 438n.1
Gates, Robert, 285–287, 289
Gearty, Conor, 317
Gelb, Leslie, 577, 646
Geler, Michael, 592
Geneva Conventions: Abu Ghraib prison scandal and, 515–517; Article 5 of, 480–482, 487–489; Bush violations of, 303–304; civilian detentions and, 435–438, 447; electoral politics in, 762; Gonzales' disregard of, 554–561; Guantánamo detentions as violation of, 378–380, 454, 457–463, 480–482; Gulf War I violations of, 826–829; hostage-taking by U.S. soldiers in Iraq and, 508; identification of territory in, 429–430; international humanitarian law and, 422–423, 428–429; interrogation principles in, 438–439, 486–487; journalists' restrictions in, 600; POW and civilian internee classifications of, 432–440, 432n.3; torture conventions in, 510; trial of Saddam Hussein and, 807–808
Georges-Picot, F., 23
Gerecht, Reuel Marc, 260–261
Germany: military culture in, 211–214; terrorists' trials in, 699; war crimes charges against U.S. in, 547–549
Gershwin, Larry, 286
Gerson, Mark, 83
Gery, Mark, 646, 760–795
Geyer, Georgie Anne, 103–104, 736
Ghadhban, Thamer al-, 754–755
Ghost Wars, 575, 581
Gingrich, Newt, 89, 258, 262
Ginsburg, Benjamin, 82
Gitlin, Todd, 592
Glanz, James, 754–755
Glaspie, April, 831
Glennon, Michael, 58
Glick, Jeremy, 585–588
Global hegemony ideology, 181–184, 389–397
God and Man at Yale, 178
Goldberg, Jonah, 62, 120–122
Golden, Tim, 518, 525, 532, 540n.4
Golding, Shmuel, 163–164, 166
Goldstone, Richard, 53, 56
Goldwater, Barry, 115
Gonzales, Alberto, 303–304, 379, 420; Guantánamo investigation and, 510n.2, 513–514; Hutson's testimony against, 553–561; prisoner abuse investigations and, 523–524, 546
Gonzales, Henry B., 375, 823–824
Good-Bye, Good Men, 177–179
Goodman, Amy, 186
Goodman, Mel, 289
Goodrich, Tim, 223, 225–231
Goran, Khasro, 748
Gordon, Joy, 4n.1
Gore, Al: Bush debates with, 92; Iraqi policy and, 8, 16
Goss, Porter, 285, 301
Gott, Richard, 15
Gottfried, Paul, 82, 112
“Governing Council of Iraq,” creation of, 14
Government Executive magazine, 200
Gowan, Peter, 13
Graham, Bob, 267, 294
Graham, Bradley, 582–583
Graham, Franklin, 142n.1
Graham, Lindsey, 604
Graham, Patrick, 708, 719n.1
Gramsci, Antonio, 212, 215
Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and its Geostrategic
Imperatives, 107–108
Graner, Charles, 528, 536, 543–544
Grant, Jerry, 591
Gray, Robert K., 833–834
Great Britain: civilian detainees from, 479–480; euro-dollar conflict and, 410–411; history of Iraq policy of, 19–26; Iraqi electoral politics and, 764–765; Iraq war and, 367–371; Kosovo war and, 55; military recruiting and equipment losses in, 741; Northern Ireland conflict with, 432n.1; perception of neoconservatives in, 110; strategic influence campaign by, 606–642; war crimes investigations in, 546; yellowcake uranium controversy and, 496
Greco-Roman culture: American hegemony ideology based on, 387–397; just-war theory and, 127
Green, Joyce Hens, 442, 469–482, 486
Green, Stanley E., 526–529
Greenberg, Stan, 6
Greenpeace, 336, 339–340
Gregory VII (Pope), 668
Gregson, Wallace C., 569
Grotius, Hugo, 127
Guantánamo and Beyond, 525
Guantánamo detainees: Amnesty International report on, 464–482; Army Regulation 190–8 and, 509; “Article 5” hearings concerning, 480–482, 487–489; Church report concerning, 515–517; Combatant Status Review Tribunals and, 466–472, 474–489; documentary evidence concerning, 510–513; establishment of prison for, 453–459; extra-judicial detention status of, 436–438; interrogation techniques used on, 518–519, 533–536, 550–552; investigations into abuse of, 519–529; legal issues involving, 378–380, 442–463; overcrowding of, 445n.1; Supreme Court rulings on, 444–445, 460–463, 460n.1, 477–482, 549–550
Guardian, The, 357, 584, 696, 700–701, 708
Guerrilla warfare, by Iraqi resistance, 688–713, 725–734
Gulf War (1991), 3–4. See also Iraq war (2003-?); bombing raids after, 5–6, 826–827; detention policies during, 446–447; gas attacks in, 828–829; international law and war crimes issues in, 547–548, 820–829; Iraqi infrastructure affected by, 3–4; legal issues surrounding, 374–375; marketing campaign for, 830–839; media coverage during, 584, 593, 597, 600; nuclear weapons and, 341; veterans' illnesses from, 286
Guryal, Sabah, 720n.1
GWOT. See War on terror Habeas Corpus Act of 1863, 448n.2
Habeas corpus principle: Guantánamo detention center and, 443–463, 468–482; next-friend relief and, 444n.1; trial of Saddam Hussein and, 799–807; wartime suspension of, 452–453
Habib, Mamdouh, 486
Hadley, Stephen, 251
Hague Convention: electoral politics and, 762; Gulf War I violations of, 826–829
Hakim, al-, 646, 773, 787–788
Halabja massacre, 328–331, 758n.2
Hall, Mary, 531n.1
Halliburton: defense contracts with, xx-xxi, 203–204; euro-dollar conflicts and, 400; insurance coverage for, 189, 191; Iraq reconstruction contracts of, 653; profiteering in Iraq by, 187, 192–193, 195
Hallin, Daniel, 599
Halper, Stefan, 93, 105–106
Hamdan, Salim Ahmed, 372, 472n.2, 477n.1, 480–482
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, 372, 379–380, 480–482, 488n.1
Hamdi, Yasser, 461, 467
Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, 461–463, 467, 477
Hamdoon, Nizar, xiv Hamza, Khadir, 266–267, 619
Hannah, John, 94, 266, 500
Hannity, Sean, 178
Hanssen, Robert, 491–492
Hardball television show, 590
Hardcastle, Bruce, 263, 265
Harkabi, Yehoshafat, 85–86
Harman, Sabrina, 528
Harris, Arthur, 25
Harris Corporation, 188–189
Harvey, Francis, 737n.2
Hashemi, Khaled al-, 632
Hassan, Crown Prince of Jordan, 24
Hatch, Orrin, 498
Hayes, Jimmy, 832–833
Haynes, William, 510n.2, 517
Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 582
Helgerson, John, 287–288
Henly, James, 739
Henry, Ed, 504
Heraud, Corrine, 273–274
Herman, Edward S., 765
Herrington, Stuart A., 542–543
Hersh, Seymour, 122; Abu Ghraib scandal and, 527, 535–536, 544–545; on Iraqi resistance fighters, 713–715, 717–718; on Pentagon misuse of intelligence, 283–285; Salman Pak training facility allegations and, 618–619; on Special Access Program, 536–543
Herzl, Theodor, 138
Herzog, Chaim, 86
Hess, Moses, 138
Hezbollah, 102
Hibbs, Thomas, 176
Hickson, Robert, 208–220
High Contracting Party, Geneva Conventions concerning, 429–430
Hill, Paul, 326
Hill & Knowlton public relations firm, 600–601, 833–839
Hirabayashi, Gordon, 449
Hiro, Dilip, 745
Hitchens, Christopher, 91
Hoar, Joseph, 242, 513–514
Hodge, Jerry, 517–519
Hoekstra, Peter, 287–288
Hoffman, Bruce, 326–327, 723
Hoffman, Mike, 223
Hogan, Thomas F., 500
Holbrooke, Richard C., 77–78
Hollings, Ernest “Fritz,” 139–141
Holmes, Greg, 624
Holt, Lester, 598
Holtzman, Liz, 508, 546
Homeland Security Department (U.S.), Weapons of Mass Destruction Information Center in, 344
Homosexuality, conservative assault on, 177–178
Hook, Sidney, 115, 214
Hoon, Geoff, 2, 628
Horkheimer, Max, 210
Horton, Scott, 510n.1, 527, 533–534, 543–545, 547–549
Hoskins, R. Taylor, 190
Houston Chronicle, 357
Hughes, Karen, 636
Humanitarian rights: armed-conflict legal principle and, 421–441; critics of, 425; Hussein trial as violation of, 815; identification of conflict and, 430; identification of parties in, 427–429; identification of territory in, 429–430; international and non-in-ternational armed conflict and, 422–423; media coverage of, 580–581; prisoner abuse scandal and, 47, 336, 464, 522, 548–549; U.S. killings in Yemen and, 429–430, 432–434; wartime restrictions on, 423–424
Human rights: Iraqi violations of, 367–368
Human Rights First, 464, 522, 548–549
Human Rights Watch, 47, 336, 522, 815
Hunt, E. Howard, 176
Huntington, Samuel, 210, 213
Hussein, Qusay, 678–679
Hussein, Saddam: alleged al-Qaeda links to, 202, 259–262, 280–281, 310–327, 493, 661; alleged bin Laden links to, xx-xxii, 108–109, 310–327; Aziz and, 675–682; Bush administration obsession with, 90, 201, 251–275, 280, 311, 670–672; chemical weap-ons use by, 324–327; coup attempts against, 6, 8–11, 254–257; “End Game” scenario in Iraq and, 255; flight to Libya story and, 632; illegal treatment of, 646; international relations ambitions of, 204; last days of regime in, 674–682; neoconservatives' view of, 34, 87–88, 102–109; nuclear capability myth concerning, 266–269; oil pricing policies of, 34, 205, 406–407; political oppression under, 666–667; resistance fighters in support of, 713–717; Rice's views on, 96–97; Russian Embassy story involving, 634; Scowcroft's views on, 107; September 11, 2001, attacks and, 111, 257–259, 261–262, 493; U.S. alliance with, 830–839; war crimes trial of, 381–382, 758n.2, 796–817; WMD buildup allegations against, xv-xviii, 251–275, 280–282, 493, 512
Hussein, Sherif, 22, 24
Hussein, Uday, 678
Hutson, John D., 549, 553–561
Ideological nationalism, 68, 688–713
Ideology of empire, 64–65, 78. See also American hegemony ideology Idir, Mustafa Ait, 487, 518–519
Ikle, Fred, 257–258
Image-building strategies, for marketing Iraq war, 617–618
Impeachment efforts against Bush, legal issues in Iraq war and, 374–375, 382
Imperial Hubris, 693–694
Imus, Don, 591
Independent Electoral Commission of Iraq (IECI), 777–779
Independent newspaper, 745, 748, 783–784
India, U.S. relations with, 395
Infant mortality rate in Iraq, 6, 31, 34
Informa pauperis filing, trial of Saddam Hussein and, 806–807
“Information-Collection Program” in pre-Iraq war period, 253–257, 259–261, 269
“Information Operations Roadmap,” 640
Inman, Bob, 261–262
Inside Politics, 504
Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies, 7, 88, 259
Institute for Science and International Security, 267
Insurance industry, problems in postwar Iraq for, 189–190
Intelligence Identities Protection Act of 1982, 498
Intelligence Online, 411
Intelligence sources. See also Central Intelligence Agency (CIA): American military culture and influence of, 215–220; Bush administration manipulation of, 271–305, 605–606; compromise of, in pre-Iraq war period, 249–275; Guantánamo detainees as, 444–463; information collection methods of, 253–257; Negroponte's reform proposals for, 296–299; Plamegate and, 491–504; politicization of, 285–286
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 431, 808–809
International Action Center, 765
International adventurism, 67
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): arms control regime and, 321–324; Iranian inspections by, 3443; Iraq war buildup and, 273–275, 335–336; monitoring in North Korea by, 335–336; non-proliferation treaties and, 340–343; reactor classifications of, 828–829; United Nations and, 364–371; yellowcake uranium controversy and, 497
International Catholic-Jewish Liasion Committee, 140–141, 166
International Christian Embassy Jerusalem, 152n.4
International Christian Zionist Center, 152n.4
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC): Abu Ghraib scandal and, 544; Guantánamo detainees and, 444n.1; international humanitarian law and, 425, 431–432; POW status claims of, 436
International Court of Justice, war crimes in Iraq and, 816
International Criminal Court, 12, 428, 546–547
International Criminal Tribunals, 430–431
International Independent Commission of Inquiry, 53
International Institute for Strategic Studies, 633
International justice, Chomsky's discussion of, 43–44
International law. See also Rule of Law: armed conflict and, 421–441; civilian detentions and disregard of, 481n.1; in Gulf War I, 820–829; Iraqi electoral politics and, 762–764; legality of Iraq War and, 58, 234–235; trial of Saddam Hussein and, 797–817; UN Charter and, 362–371; war on terror and, 373–382
International Legal Resources Center, 547
International Monetary Fund (IMF): Latin America and, 394; petro-dollar recycling and, 403
International Religious Freedom Act, 344
International Republican Institute (IRI), 768–770
International Security Council, 35
International War Crimes Tribunal, Gulf War I and, 821
Internet. See also Websites and blogs: American military injury and death statistics on, 727n.3; popularity of, 702n.3
Interrogation techniques: Abu Ghraib prison scandal and, 515–517; Bush documentation concerning, 510–513; at Guantánamo detention center, 446–463; investigations into, 550–552; statistics and data on, 517–519; torture as, 508
Iqbal, Asif, 442
Iran: Badr Brigade and, 732n.5; Defense Department goals concerning, 201, 203
; euro-dollar conflict and, 416–417; Halabja massacre and possible involvement of, 330–331; nuclear weap-ons ambitions of, 322–324; resistance fighters in, 711–712
Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996, 343–345
Iraq: al-Qaeda presence alleged in, 647, 661–662; Ba'athist revolution in, 665–666; British occupation of, 19–23, 647–648; Christians in, 658, 660–672, 676–682, 720; civilian detentions in, 508; civil unrest in, 787–793; civil war potential in, 791–795; corruption in, 191–192, 666–667; destruction of farmland in, 3–5; deterrence and non-proliferation treaties with, 324–325, 335; economic conditions in, 194–195, 752–755; elections in, 760–795; electoral fraud in, 774–776, 781–784; ethnic divisions in, 790–795; “Fedayeen” death squads alleged in, 616–617; free-market ideology in, 194–195; future of electoral politics in, 793–795; Halabja massacre in, 328–331; Hashemite regime in, 254; history of, 19–26, 647–648, 660–672; human rights violations in, 367–368; Israel and, 32, 649–650, 655–657; Kurdish state in, 655; Kuwait invasion by, 7, 29, 86–87, 654, 831–832; Muslims in, 660–672; “Oil-for-Food” Program and, 14, 406–407, 413–414; oil industry in, 652–653, 752–755; oil pricing policies of, 34, 195, 205, 406–407, 651–654; Pan-Arabism and, 654; partition proposal for, 646–657; police force in, 733–734; political solutions proposed for, 756–759; postwar occupation of, 200–207; privatization of economy in, 653; profiteering in, 186–195; public opinion polling in, 721n.3, 773–774; puppet government of, 649, 669–672, 787–793; ration card system in, 779–781; regional influence of, 651, 653–654; resistance movement in, 687–759; “Salvadorization” of, 708n.4, 709n.1; security costs in, 753n.4; security forces restructuring in, 788–793; sovereignty of, 19, 25, 47; Special Access Program in, 536–543; technological advancement in, 30–31; as terrorist training ground, 618–619; U.S. military bases established in, 651, 657; U.S. “private contractors” in, 737n.2; voters' rejection of U.S. occupation of, 772–774; voter turnout in elections of, 776–781; Yinon's views on, 84
Iraq Army, resistance forces and, 693n.1, 743–752
“Iraq Crisis Bulletin” web site, 634
Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, 90, 93, 255–257, 344
Iraq National Accord, 582, 767
Iraq, 1902–1921: A Socio-Political Study, 22
Iraq Reconstruction Management Office, 753n.4
Iraq Resistance Report, 727n.3
Iraq Survey Group, xv
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