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Off the Map

Page 71

by Fergus Fleming


  Clearwater, River 202

  Clements, Francis 88, 89, 94, 95

  Clerke, Lieutenant Charles 162, 165, 168, 169, 170

  clocks see timepieces

  coal 14, 73, 80

  Coca, River 66, 67

  Cochin 50

  Cochlearia groendandica see scurvy grass

  Coelho, Nicolau 46, 50

  Col du Géant 177–9

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 123

  collections 293

  Collinson, Captain Richard 275, 277, 280, 281, 283–4

  Colombia 63, 70, 139, 187

  Colonial Office 249

  Columbia 124

  Columbia, River 200, 202, 203, 205

  Columbus, Bartholomew 30

  Columbus, Christopher 6–7, 30–41, 45, 53, 63

  said to be devout 30

  westerly route to China 31

  Ferdinand and Isabella sponsor him 33

  discovers San Salvador 34

  Cuba and Hispaniola 35

  annoyance with Pinzón 36

  meeting with Guacanagari 36

  loss of Santa Maria 37

  Atlantic crossing 39

  reaches Azores 39

  1494 voyage 40

  sights mouth of Orinoco (1498) 41

  Columbus, Ferdinand 30–1

  Committee of the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa 245

  Commonwealth Bay 433, 434, 435, 438, 441, 442

  Company of Adventurers to the New Found Land 83

  Company of the Merchants Discoverers of the North-West Passage 96

  Concepción (ship) 53, 56

  Condamine, Charles-Marie de la 138–48, 181, 183, 190

  lands in Ecuador 141

  journey up the River Esmeraldas 142

  goes to Lima 143

  scales Pichincha volcano 143

  expedition falls apart 144

  erects pyramids 144

  leaves for the Amazon 145

  mentions curare 145

  champion of vaccination 148

  Congo, River 292, 343, 348

  Cão travels to mouth of (1483) 42

  British expedition sent to mouth of (1816) 228–9

  Stanley travels down 348–51

  Stanley explores basin 351–2

  Foureau reaches 399, 403

  Congo Free State 352

  conquistadors 7, 64, 68

  Constantinople 17

  Cook, Dr Frederick 290, 291, 420–1

  character description 418–19

  gets to North Pole 420

  goes to Axel Heiberg Island 420

  feted as hero 420

  authenticity of diary questioned 421

  last words 421

  Cook, Captain James 120, 121, 123, 124, 137, 149–70, 264

  takes command of Endeavour 149

  contrast with Joseph Banks 149–50

  concerned with health of crew 151

  arrives at Tahiti 153

  takes hostages 155

  searches for the Great Southern Continent 155–6

  arrives New Zealand 156

  rounds bottom of South Island 157

  reaches Van Diemen’s Land 157

  sails into Botany Bay 158

  lands at Cape York 159

  reaches Batavia 159

  illness among crew 159

  congratulated by Admiralty 160

  takes command of Resolution 160

  second visit to Tahiti 161–2

  heads for Antarctic 162

  halted by pack ice 163

  Cook’s analysis of Southern Continent 164

  discovers the Sandwich Islands 165

  irratic behaviour 166–7

  sails to Hawaii 166–7

  death 169

  national hysteria 170

  Cooper’s Creek 297, 298, 299–300, 301, 303, 304, 306

  Depot LXV 300, 302, 303, 304, 306, 307

  Coppermine River 217, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 226, 227, 276

  Cornwallis Island 275, 279, 282

  Coronado (explorer) 7

  ‘Corps of Discovery’ expedition 195–206

  Cortés, Hernán 7, 63–4

  Cotopaxi volcano 143

  Couplet, M., 139, 142

  Courmayeur 174, 177, 179

  Covilhan, Pedro de 44–5

  Coxcomb, The (on Matterhorn) 320

  Crean (member of Imperial Trans Antarctic Expedition) 453, 456, 457, 458

  creoles 141

  Crimea 9, 11, 22

  Crocker Land 417

  Cross Island 77, 81

  Croz, Michel 322, 323, 324

  Crozier, Lieutenant Francis

  on Antarctic expedition (1839–43) 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270

  on Arctic expedition (1845–8) 271, 273, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 336

  Crusaders 7

  Crystal Palace 289

  Cuba 35, 40–1, 63, 186, 187

  Cuenca 143

  Cumaná 183, 186

  Cumberland House (depot) 219, 220

  Cumberland Sound 86

  curare 145

  currency, paper 14

  Daily Mail 291

  Daily News 462–3

  Daily Telegraph 290–1, 348, 351

  Dalton, George 152

  Damascus 19, 27

  Danenhower (officer) 370

  Danes Island 393

  Danish Literary Expedition 292

  Dar al-Islam (‘Home of Islam’) 18, 19, 21, 27, 29

  Darién 63, 64

  Darjeeling 463

  Dark Ages 4

  Darling River 297

  Darwin, Charles 189

  On the Origin of Species 189

  Das, Sarat Chandra 329

  Dauphine 175

  Dautray, Jean Bourdon 108

  Davis, John (10th century explorer) 86, 87, 88

  Davis, John (19th century American sealer) 165, 264

  Davis, John King 459, 461

  Davis Strait 96

  De Long, George Washington 290, 369–73, 385, 387

  Jeannette imprisoned in ice 369

  crew do not get on 370

  coal consumption 370

  names Henrietta and Jeannette Islands 371

  journey to Siberia 371

  lands at Lena delta 371

  in Siberia 372

  Melville finds remains of De Long party 373

  Dedrick, Tom 413, 414

  deforestation 183

  Dehra Dun 193, 326, 327

  Delhi 24

  Sultanate 19, 21, 24

  Delicola 66

  Delisle de la Croyère, Louis 130, 131–2

  Denham, Major Dixon 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 238, 239

  Denmark 125, 149

  Deptford 257

  Derwent River 267

  Désolation 86, 88

  Dezhnev, Semen Ivanovich 127

  Dias, Bartolomeu 42–3, 44, 45, 46

  Diaz, Bernal 7

  Digges, Sir Dudley 88

  Digges Island 92

  Discovery (ship on Arctic expedition, 1610–11) 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96

  Discovery (ship on Arctic expedition of Middleton, 18th century) 102

  Discovery (ship on Arctic expedition, 1875–6) 361, 362, 363, 365, 375

  Discovery (ship on Cook’s expedition) 165, 168, 169, 170

  Discovery (ship on Scott’s Antarctic expedition) 423

  Disko Island 379

  Disraeli, Benjamin 361

  Dnieper River 9

  Dolphin (ship) 153

  Dôme du Goûter 174, 175, 176

  Dominican Republic 35

  Don, River 4

  Douay, Anastase 111, 113

  Douglas, Lord Francis 322, 323, 324

  Drake, Sir Francis 8

  Drummond (naturalist) 227

  Duhaut (member of La Salle’s expedition) 112–13

  Dumas, Alexandre, 176

  Dumont d’Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César 124, 264, 270

  Durban 351

&nbs
p; Eagle (balloon) 393–4, 395

  East Indies 6, 18, 19, 53, 157, 159 see also Indies

  Easter Island 162, 164

  Ebierbing (Inuit) 337

  Ecuador 63, 139, 141, 187

  Edinburgh Review 234, 241

  Edison, Thomas 369

  Edward Bonaventure (ship) 73

  Egypt 5, 9, 18–19, 22, 44, 48, 180, 233

  Eiffel Tower 485

  Eiger 295, 316

  El Dorado 65, 66

  El Kanemi, Sultan 232, 233, 235, 236

  electric eels 184–5

  Elephant Island 452, 457, 458–9

  Elison (member of Greely’s Arctic expedition) 381, 382, 383

  Elizabeth I, Queen 75

  Ellesmere Island 290, 337, 420

  Aldrich explores (1875–6) 363, 364

  Greely’s expedition on (1881–4) 377, 378, 379, 380–4

  and Peary’s expeditions 413, 414, 415, 417

  Ellsworth, Lincoln 477

  Emin Pasha 352

  Emma (ship) 458

  Empire Day 448

  Empire of the Great Khan 11–16, 17

  Endeavour (ship) 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158–9, 160

  Endeavour Strait 159

  Enderby Brothers 165, 264

  Enderby Land 264, 445

  Endurance (ship) 445, 447, 448, 449, 451, 453, 456

  England 7, 73, 83, 86, 88, 103, 109, 115 see also Britain

  English Channel 159

  Enkhuisen 75

  Enlightenment 119, 120, 122, 138, 181, 189, 294

  Enrique (Magellan’s slave) 53, 58, 59

  Enterprise (ship) 275, 277, 280

  Erebus (ship) 265, 268–9, 271, 273, 282, 283, 284

  Erhardt, Jacob 308, 310

  Ericsson, Leif 3

  Esmeralda 186

  Esmeraldas, River 142

  Espaniola see Hispaniola/Espaniola

  Espinosa, Gonzalo Gómez de 59, 60

  Etah, 124, 207, 209, 293, 337, 412, 419, 420

  Ethiopia 44–5

  King of 7, 45

  Etoile (ship) 153

  Europe 4–5, 7, 8, 122–3, 293 see also Alps; names of countries

  Evans, Edgar 427, 428, 429

  Everest 193, 295, 462–76

  Everest, Lieutenant George 193

  Experiment (boat) 195, 197, 201, 204

  Falkland Islands 86, 151, 153, 268, 269, 453, 458

  Far East 4, 41, 50 75, 119, 194

  Marco Polo in 11–17, 18

  Columbus aims to reach 30–1

  Columbus believes he has reached 34, 38 see also names of countries

  Felix Harbour 258, 261

  Ferdinand, King of Spain 31, 33, 40

  Fernando Po 241

  Fez 29, 254

  Fiala, Anthony 292

  Finch, George 465, 466, 467–8, 469, 470, 471, 472

  Fitzjames, James 271, 273, 282

  Flatters, Colonel Paul 398

  Flinders, Matthew 217

  Flinders River 300

  Floeberg Beach 362

  Foggy Island 227

  Fontano (voyageur) 224

  Fort Chipewayan 219, 220

  Fort Clatsop 203, 204

  Fort Conger 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 383, 414

  Fort Enterprise 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226

  Fort Franklin 227

  Fort Frontenac 106, 109

  Fort Providence 220, 224, 226

  Fort St Louis (Gulf of Mexico) 111, 112, 114–15

  Fort St Louis (Starved Rock) 108

  Fortuna (ship) 127, 128, 129, 130

  Foureau, Fernand 398–403

  leaves Biskra with 381

  men 399

  gets to Hoggar 400

  reaches Ténéré 400

  rests in Iférouãne 401

  reaches Agadez 401

  encounters storm 402

  gets to Lake Chad 403

  back in France 403

  Fox (ship) 282, 283

  Foxe, Luke 97, 99–100, 102

  account of necessary supplies 97

  descriptions of nature 99

  gets to Foxe His Furthest 99

  goes home 100

  Foxe Basin 99, 213, 214, 217, 226

  Foxe Channel 99, 102

  Foxe His Furthest 99–100

  Fraenkel, Knut 393–7

  Fram (ship) 385–7, 391, 414, 426

  France 6, 7, 122, 123, 124, 149, 187, 249, 335, 352

  and colonization of America 103–15

  expeditions sent by Academy of Sciences 138–48

  sells Louisiana 115, 194

  expedition to Timbuctoo 250–5

  exploration of Sahara 289–90, 398–403

  Franciscans 11

  Franco-Prussian War 353

  Franklin, Benjamin: Memoirs 184

  Franklin, Lady Jane 274, 281, 282

  Franklin, Sir John 262, 325

  description of Franklin 217–19

  explores Canada (1818–25) 123, 217–27

  temperature 219–20

  tries charm on Akaitcho 220

  journey home 221

  faints from hunger and exposure 222

  reaches Coppermine River 222

  swollen with oedema 225

  in Fort Enterprise 224–5

  leaves Fort Enterprise 226

  renown at home 226

  returns to North America 227

  reaches Foggy Island 227

  as governor of Tasmania 265, 267

  Arctic expedition (1845–8) 122, 270, 271–3

  First Lord tries to dissuade Franklin 272

  1,700 volume library installed 273

  leaves England 273

  disappearance 273

  search for 273–85, 336, 361, 362, 422

  John Ross looks for Franklin 274

  Edward Belcher sent 274–5

  McClure searches 275–80

  Belcher court-martialled for loss of ships 280

  account of Inuit on Franklin’s fate 281

  skeletons found 282

  note 282

  later forensic science on findings 284

  inspires new generation of polar explorers 124, 285, 426, 488

  Fransz, Jan 81

  Franz Josef, Emperor 359

  Franz Josef Land 292, 375, 484, 485

  discovered by Weyprecht and von Payer (1872–4) 291, 355–8

  Nansen’s plan to retreat to 387, 388

  Nansen and Johanssen on (1895–6) 389–91

  Andrée attempts to reach (1897) 395–6

  and Abruzzi’s expedition (1899–1900) 404, 407, 408, 409, 414

  Nobile flies over (1928) 480

  Frederick (Inuit) 377, 379, 381

  French Academy of Sciences 119, 125, 130, 138–9, 144

  French Guiana 138, 146

  French Revolution 119

  Freshfield, Sir Douglas 470–1

  Friendly Islands 162

  Frobisher, Martin 85, 88, 336

  Frobisher Strait 85–6

  Frontenac, Count Louis 105, 109

  Fuchs, Arved 454

  Funk, Casimir 427

  Furious Overfall 86, 88, 89, 91, 92, 94, 96 see also Hudson Strait

  Furnace (ship) 102

  Furneaux, Lieutenant Tobias 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165

  Fury (ship) 213, 214, 215, 261, 262

  Fury and Hecla Strait 214

  Fury Beach 215, 257, 261, 262

  Gabriel (ship on Bering’s expedition) 128, 129, 130

  Gabriel (ship on Frobisher’s expedition) 85

  Galloway 257

  Gama, Juan de 130–1

  Gama, Paulo da 46, 50

  Gama, Vasco da 7, 42–50, 51

  arrives Cape Verde

  Islands 46

  South Africa 46

  crew and scurvy 46

  piracy 47

  arrives in Calicut 47–9

  reaches Africa on return voyage 49

  casualties on voyage 50

  Roteiro da primeira viagem de
Vasco da Gama 46

  Gama Land 130–1

  Gambia, the 245

  Ganges plain 193

  Gao 29

  Gap Valley 365

  Garden Island 268

  Garling, Lieutenant James 191–2

  Geneva 171, 176, 316, 317

  Genghis Khan 9

  Genoa 5, 30

  Geographical Society of Paris 250, 255, 399, 403

  George (ship) 73

  George V, King 447

  Gerlache, Lieutenant Adrien de 422

  Germania (ship) 331, 333, 334

  Germany 187, 331, 335, 353

  Ghadames 246, 249

  Gibbons, William 96

  Gibbons His Hole bay 96

  Giordano, Felice 322

  Gjoa (ship) 426

  Goa 44, 49, 50, 51

  Gobi Desert 13, 14, 329

  Godin, Isabella 146–8

  Godin, Louis 139, 144

  Godin des Odonais, Jean 139, 144, 145, 146

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 180

  gold 35–6, 36–7, 38, 43, 64–5. 243, 327

  Golden Age of Mountaineering 319, 324

  Golden Horde 23

  Khan of the 22–3

  Goltzius 77

  Gomes, Estevão 56, 61

  Gondokoro 312, 313

  Good Moor, the (pilot) 47, 49

  Gore, Graham 282, 283

  Graham Land 445, 449, 452

  Granada 33

  Grand Plateau 174, 176, 177

  Grandmaison, Joaquin 147

  Grant, James Augustus 312, 313, 345

  Grant Land 337

  Gravesend 88

  Gray, Charles 300, 301

  Great Barrier Reef 158

  Great Bear Lake 227

  Great Cataracts 185

  Great Exhibition (1851) 289, 294

  Great Fish River 43, 283

  Great Lakes 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 194

  Great Slave Lake 219, 220

  Great Southern Continent 180, 267

  Cook’s expedition in search of 149–70

  Great Theodolite 191, 193

  Great Trigonometrical Survey 190–3, 326–30

  Great Wall of China 13

  Greely, Adolphus 375–84, 414, 417

  constructs

  Fort Conger 376

  rancour among group 377

  sends out two expeditions 377

  support ship does not appear 378

  establishes station at Littleton Island 378

  Pavy put under arrest 379

  men consider mutiny 380

  camp at Cape Sabine 381

  Lockwood dies 381

  Pavy dies 382

  Greely has man shot 382

  rescue ships sent 382

  Captain Schley finds Greely 383

  Elison dies 383

  evidence of cannibalism 383–4

  Green, William 149, 152, 159

  Greene, Henry 88, 90, 91, 92, 93

  Greenland 72, 73, 88, 96, 210, 273, 290, 324, 337, 340, 481

  and Vikings 3

  Frobisher in (1585–6) 86

  Hudson travels up coast of (1607) 87

  Ross discovers world’s most northerly inhabitants in 207, 209

  Danish Literary Expedition to 292

  expedition of Koldewey and Hegemann to (1869–70) 331–5

  Beaumont in (1875–6) 363, 365, 377

 

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