Yancey spoke: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 49.
But the vanity: Proceedings of the Conventions at Charleston and Baltimore, 79–81.
On April 28: Nichols, The Disruption of American Democracy, 301.
On April 29: Ibid., 302.
On Monday, April 30: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 70.
While the Douglas majority passed: Ibid., 73.
That night was the Walpurgisnacht: Ibid., 75.
Late that night Richard Taylor: Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 4–5.
In the sober light: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 87, “Charleston Conventions,” New York Times, May 3, 1860; “The Convention Breaking Up,” Charleston Mercury, May 1, 1860.
The certainty and poise: Alexander, A Political History of the State of New York, 2:276–78.
Richmond’s faithlessness: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 84–85.
After fifty-six ballots: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 757–58.
While the regular Democratic convention: “Proceedings of the Seceders,” New York Times, May 2, 1860; Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 97–100; Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 758–59.
One week after the suspension: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 109.
Declaring itself the party: Rhodes, History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850, 2:454; Michael F. Holt, The Election of 1860 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2017), 85.
The Constitutional Unionists: Holt, The Election of 1860, 85–86.
The next day, May 4: Edgar Eugene Robinson, ed., “The Day Journal of Milton S. Latham,” California Historical Society Quarterly 11, no. 1 (March 1932): 17–18.
On the day the Charleston convention: “The Disruption of the Democratic Party,” New York Times, May 4, 1860.
Alexander Stephens: Johnston and Browne, Life of Alexander H. Stephens, 355–57.
The Douglas men: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 87.
CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO: THE RAILSPLITTER
On April 29: CW, 4:45.
The Chicago Press and Tribune had raised the banner: “Chicago Convention—The Nominee,” Illinois State Journal, March 13, 1860.
“The Illinois State Journal”: “Seward and Lincoln,” Chicago Press and Tribune, March 15, 1860.
The Tribune’s tentative tone: Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 169–70, 174.
Medill’s candidate shopping: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, 172.
Wentworth and Davis: John Wentworth to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, April 21, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0260300/0260300.pdf.
Two days later, on April 23: David Davis to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, April 23, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0260700/0260700.pdf.
The day after Davis’s letter: Lyman Trumbull to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, April 24, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0261200/0261200.pdf.
“A word now”: CW, 4:45–46.
The election of delegates: “The County Convention,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 1, 1860; Norman B. Judd to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, May 2, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0262500/0262500.pdf.
Wentworth had in fact: Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 173.
Lincoln’s men moved up: Ibid., 172.
The chief of convention planning: J. McCan Davis, How Abraham Lincoln Became President (Springfield, Ill.: Henry O. Shepard, 1908), 55–58; Jane Martin Johns, “The Nomination of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency, An Unsolved Psychological Problem,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 10, no. 4 (January 1918): 562–64.
Thousands of delegates: Wilson, Davis, and Wilson, eds., Herndon’s Informants, 462–63.
Oglesby calmed: Davis, How Abraham Lincoln Became President, 59; Wilson, Davis, and Wilson, eds., Herndon’s Informants, 463.
Again, the crowd went wild: Isaac N. Phillips, ed., Abraham Lincoln, By Some Men Who Knew Him (Bloomington, Ill.: Pantagraph Printing, 1910); Johns, “The Nomination of Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency,” 564; 115.
“How are you Abe?”: Davis, How Abraham Lincoln Became President, 59.
“The whole scene”: Ward Hill Lamon, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (Boston: James R. Osgood, 1872), 446; Wilson, Davis, and Wilson, eds., Herndon’s Informants, 463.
The convention moved: “Illinois Republican Convention,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 11, 1860.
The next day, the Decatur convention: Otto R. Kyle, Lincoln in Decatur (New York: Vantage Press, 1957), 113–14; Osborne H. Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign: Or, the Revolution of 1860 (Chicago: Laird & Lee, 1896), 71; “Illinois Republican Convention,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 11, 1860.
After the first day of the convention: Arnold, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, 163; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, 2:599–600; “Illinois Republican Convention,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 11, 1860.
As for John Hanks: Davis, How Abraham Lincoln Became President, 59.
CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE: THE WIGWAM
Thurlow Weed: Robert H. Browne, Lincoln and the Men of His Time (Cincinnati: Jennings & Pye, 1901), 2:412.
The former fur trading post: Donald L. Miller, City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 89–121.
In the counting rooms: “The Council and the Slave Law,” Weekly Chicago Journal, May 28, 1850.
All sorts of Lincoln’s friends: Andrew Taylor Call, Jacob Bunn: Legacy of an Illinois Industrial Pioneer (Lawrenceville, Va.: Brunswick, 2005), 71.
The rise of Chicago: John M. Palmer, ed., The Bench and Bar of Illinois: Historical and Reminiscent (Chicago: Lewis Publishing, 1899), 2:643.
In late March of 1860: Stacy Pratt McDermott, “A Little Sandbar in Chicago,” History for the Present Blog, January 5, 2017, https://stacyprattmcdermott.com/2017/01/05/a-little-sandbar-in-chicago/; Reinhold H. Luthin, The Real Abraham Lincoln (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall), 170–71.
The day after the trial ended: Robert D. Sheppard and Harvey B. Hurd, History of Northwestern University and Evanston (Chicago: Munsell Publishing, 1906), 474–75.
In January 1861: Leonard Volk, “The Lincoln Life-Mask and How It Was Made,” The Century Illustrated Monthly 23, no. 2 (December 1881): 225–28.
After sitting for Volk: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, 212; Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 140.
Delegation by delegation: “The Opening of Convention Week,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 14, 1860.
David Davis: King, Lincoln’s Manager David Davis, 135; A.T. Andreas, History of Chicago: From 1857 Until the Fire of 1871 (Chicago: A.T. Andreas, 1885), 2:141; Leonard Swett, “The Life and Services of David Davis,” Proceedings of the Illinois State Bar Association (Springfield: Illinois State Bar Association, 1887), 79.
Davis created a political machine: King, Lincoln’s Manager David Davis, 135–36;
Judd and Davis: Davis, How Abraham Lincoln Became President, 65; Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 195–99.
“No one ever thought”: Michael S. Green, Lincoln and the Election of 1860 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2011), 52; King, Lincoln’s Manager David Davis, 136.
“He seated himself”: Swett, “The Life and Services of David Davis,” 79; Wilson, Intimate Memories, 296.
“The gods help”: “The Choice of Illinois,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 14, 1860.
“Availability”: “The Winning Man—Abraham Lincoln,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 15, 1860; “The Doubtful States,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 16, 1860.
“Dined”: Howard K. Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, American Historical Association Annual Report, Volume 4, 1930 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930), 11.
The Illinois platform: Herriott, “The Conference in the Deutsches Haus Chicago,” 140–91.
Bates’s most visible promoter: Baringer, Lincoln’s
Rise to Power, 205–6, 224; Wilson, Intimate Memories, 279–80; Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, 2:268; Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign, 71; James Parton, The Life of Horace Greeley, Editor of “The New York Tribune”: From His Birth to the Present Time (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1889), 444–45.
Another editor: Abram J. Dittenhoefer, How We Elected Lincoln; Personal Recollections of Lincoln and Men of His Time (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1916), 20–21.
Neither Indiana nor Pennsylvania: A.K. McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times (Philadelphia: Times Publishing, 1892), 33–35.
Indiana was the first target: CW, 4:46–47; Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign, 71.
“Things are working”: Mark Delahay to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, May 14, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0265300/0265300.pdf; William Butler to Abraham Lincoln, Letters, May 14, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0264900/0264900.pdf, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0265100/0265100.pdf.
Joseph Medill: Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1:347; Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign, 71; Monaghan, The Man Who Elected Lincoln, 162–63; Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 196–97.
Overly enthusiastic and impatient: Charles H. Ray to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, May 14, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0266000/0266000.pdf).
The impulse to cut deals: Bancroft and Dunning, eds., The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, 176–77.
Weed’s operation: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 121.
The New York boosters: Peter Gammie, “Pugilists and Politicians in Antebellum New York: The Life and Times of Tom Hyer,” New York History 75, no. 3 (July 1994): 265–96.
The New York crowd: Francis Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1907), 1:112.
The head of the Connecticut delegation: Welles, Lincoln and Seward, 27–29.
Weed invited Henry S. Lane: McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times, 31.
Then Weed sent Senator Prescott King: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 142.
Orville Browning: Wilson, Intimate Memories, 194; Wilson, Davis, and Wilson, eds., Herndon’s Informants, 348; Browning, Diary, 406–7.
While Weed was promising: John McAuley Palmer, Personal Recollections of John Palmer: The Story of an Earnest Life (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke, 1901), 81; Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1:351.
“We are quiet”: David Davis and Jesse K. Dubois to Abraham Lincoln, Telegram, May 15, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0266800/0266800.pdf; William Butler to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, May 15, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0266500/0266500.pdf).
The proceedings began: “The Great Wigwam,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 14, 1860; P. Orman Ray, The Convention That Nominated Lincoln (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1916), 6.
Just past noon: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 130; Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2006), 46–47.
On Thursday morning, May 17: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 132.
The bell began to toll: Ibid., 140.
Throughout the day, the Seward forces: Douglas H. Maynard, “Dudley of New Jersey and the Nomination of Lincoln,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 82, no. 1 (January 1958): 103.
“So confident”: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 140–41; Ray, The Convention That Nominated Lincoln, 26.
Lincoln placed the newspaper: Whitney, Lincoln the Citizen, 289; Herndon, Herndon’s Life of Lincoln, 374.
Lane of Indiana: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 143; A.K. McClure, “Curtin Elected Governor—1860,” in Life and Times of Andrew Gregg Curtin, William H. Egle, ed. (Philadelphia: Thompson Publishing, 1896), 103.
“The Bates men”: Koerner, Memoirs, 2:87–89.
At the same time, the Committee of Twelve: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 142.
But once Greeley left: Maynard, “Dudley of New Jersey and the Nomination of Lincoln,” 104.
Even later that night: Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 211–14; David Davis to Abraham Lincoln, Telegram, May 17, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/026/0268600/0268600.pdf/
Lane also came: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 142.
The morning edition: “A Last Entreaty,” Chicago Press and Tribune, May 18, 1860.
Daylight broke: Francis B. Carpenter, “How Lincoln Was Nominated,” The Century Illustrated Monthly 24 (October 1882): 857.
The Seward throng: Morehouse, The Life of Jesse W. Fell, 71; Reinhard H. Luthin, The First Lincoln Campaign (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1944), 161; Swett, “The Life and Services of David Davis,” 79.
After the invocation: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 145.
On the first ballot: Ibid., 146; Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, 285.
On the second ballot: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 147.
Without stop the roll: Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1:355.
“The deed”: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, 287–88; Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 149; Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 231; Franklin Johnson, “Nominating Lincoln,” The Youth’s Companion, February 8, 1917.
Weed was “completely unnerved”: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 271; McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times, 40–41.
Stanton believed: Stanton, Random Recollections, 214–16; Bancroft and Dunning, eds., The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, 2:221.
While Chicago was delirious: Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed, 292–93, 296.
Edward Bates: Beale, ed., The Diary of Edward Bates, 129–30; Browning, Diary, 411, 416.
On the day that the struggle: Baringer, Lincoln’s Rise to Power, 289–90; Ecelbarger, The Great Comeback, 233; Wilson, Davis, and Wilson, eds., Herndon’s Informants, 492; Charles S. Zane, “Lincoln As I Knew Him,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 14, nos. 1–2 (April–July 1921): 74–84.
Volk asked Lincoln: Volk, “The Lincoln Life-Mask and How It Was Made,” 228–29.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR: A FALLEN STAR
Three days after the Democratic convention: CG, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 1942.
It took the ill: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 765; CG, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 313–14.
Douglas, according to Davis: CG, 36th Congress, 1st Session, 453.
On the eve of the second Democratic convention: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 766–67.
After the debacle: Ibid., 762.
On June 18: Halstead, Caucuses of 1860, 159, 176, 178.
On the fifth agonizing day: Ibid., 195, 229.
The Southern bolters: Ibid., 218.
“Yancey! Yancey!”: Ibid., 226.
Late in the evening of June 23: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 772.
The close of the two disastrous conventions: Ibid., 775.
Two days after the Baltimore convention: Egerton, Year of Meteors, 170; Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, 1:52; Davis, John C. Breckinridge, 224–26; Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln, 2:285.
Davis’s far-fetched notion: John Cochrane, “The Charleston Convention,” The Magazine of American History 14 (July–December 1885): 150–52.
John Cabell Breckinridge: Davis, John C. Breckinridge, 277; Davis, Jefferson Davis, 1:685; Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln, 2:284.
As Buchanan’s vice president: “The Baltimore Convention—The Democratic Candidates,” New York Times, June 25, 1860.
Douglas had expected: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 776–77.
But he started delivering: Nichols, The Disruption of American Democracy, 341; “The Bomb from the Breckinridge Battery,” New York Times, August 22, 1860.
Douglas’s campaign: “Speech of John C. Breckinridge,” New York Tim
es, September 6, 1860.
Cushing spoke: “Gen. Cushing on the Canvas,” New York Times, September 17, 1860.
Dean Richmond: “The Fusion Movement,” New York Times, September 17, 1860; “Ruin of the Regency,” New York Times, September 19, 1860.
The Constitutional Unionist campaign: Holt, The Election of 1860, 146; “Visit to the Home of John Bell,” New York Herald, August 8, 1860.
Douglas had a brief delusional episode: Allen Johnson, Stephen A. Douglas: A Study in American Politics (New York: Macmillan, 1908), 745–45; Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, 2:699.
On August 31: Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 790.
Douglas conflated his fate: Louis Howland, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Scribner, 1920), 354; Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 790–91.
“The sky is dark”: Percy Scott Flippin, Herschel V. Johnson of Georgia, State Rights Unionist (Richmond: Dietz Printing, 1931), 126; Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 784, 793.
In late September: Adams, Autobiography, 64–66; Milton, The Eve of Conflict, 495.
“I’m no alarmist”: Milton, The Eve of Conflict, 496; Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, 700; “Movements of Senator Douglas,” New York Times, October 17, 1860.
The day after the catastrophic early elections: Nichols, The Disruption of American Democracy, 345–46.
Douglas went south: DuBose, The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey, 529; Johnson, Stephen A. Douglas, 759; Lionel Crocker, “The Campaign of Stephen A. Douglas in the South, 1860,” in Antislavery and Disunion, 1858–1861, J. Jeffery Auer, ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), 262–78.
Douglas defended: David R. Barbee and Milledge L. Bonham, Jr., “The Montgomery Address of Stephen A. Douglas,” The Journal of Southern History 5, no. 4 (November 1939): 527–52.
Among those listening: DuBose, The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey, 534–35.
Another face in the crowd: Alford, Fortune’s Fool, 95–96.
On November 6: Wilson, History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, 2:700; Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas, 808–9.
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