On his way back to Washington: John W. Forney, Eulogy upon the Hon. Stephen A. Douglas (Philadelphia: Kingwalt & Brown, 1861), 12.
CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE: WIDE-AWAKE
Lincoln did not campaign: William H. Herndon, Herndon on Lincoln: Letters, eds., Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis (Champaign: University of Illinois Press), 13.
The Wide-Awake Clubs: Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign, 105–7; Joe Grinspan, “ ‘Young Men for War’: The Wide Awakes and Lincoln’s 1860 Presidential Campaign,” Journal of American History (September 2009): 357–78.
“I have observed”: William Cullen Bryant to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, June 16, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/031/0310500/0310500.pdf.
Lincoln’s eyes: CW, 4:90.
The crisis had begun: CW, 4:95.
Lincoln did his best: Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, 1:672; Holzer, Lincoln and the Power of the Press, 249–51; “The Republican Mecca,” New York Herald, October 20, 1860.
Lincoln quietly: Joseph Medill to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, July 5, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/032/0326700/0326700.pdf.
The unscrupulous Bennett: Holzer, Lincoln and the Power of the Press, 248; “Tremendous Uprising of the People,” New York Herald, October 24, 1860.
The Herald also hyped: “Notes of the Contest,” New York Times, June 8, 1860; Garrison and Garrison, William Lloyd Garrison, 503.
Phillips’s speech: James M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014), 18–20; George W. Julian, The Life of Joshua R. Giddings (Chicago: A.C. McClurg, 1892), 376; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, 1:638; Richard J. Hinton, The Life and Public Services of Hon. Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois (Boston: Thayer & Eldridge, 1860), 9–10.
Lincoln was known: Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998), 486–87; Lucia A. Stevens, “Growth of Public Opinion in the East in Regard to Lincoln Prior to November 1860,” in Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1906 (Springfield: Illinois State Journal, 1906), 300.
The Illinois abolitionists: William F. Moore and Jane Ann Moore, Collaborators for Emancipation: Abraham Lincoln and Owen Lovejoy (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014), 96; Owen Lovejoy to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, June 10, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/030/0305200/0305200.pdf; Ichabod Codding, A Republican Manual for the Campaign: Facts for the People, The Whole Argument in One Book (Princeton, Ill.: “Republican” Book and Job Printing, 1860), 5; N. Dwight Harris, The History of Negro Servitude in Illinois, and of the Slavery Agitation in That State, 1719–1864 (Chicago: A.C. McClurg, 1904), 223.
Lincoln’s nomination: CW, 4:78; Bancroft, ed., Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz, 1:120–21.
Germans in every city: Karl Obermann, Joseph Weydemeyer: Pioneer of American Socialism (New York: International Publishers, 1947), 109–11; Robin Blackburn, Marx and Lincoln: An Unfinished Revolution (London: Verso, 2011), 25.
On September 1: Adams, Autobiography, 64–65; CW, 4:126–27.
On October 20: David Hunter to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, October 20, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/040/0407400/0407400.pdf; CW, 4:132; Edward A. Miller, Lincoln’s Abolitionist General: The Biography of David Hunter (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 50.
As his election appeared imminent: CW, 4:134–35.
On November 1: David Hunter to Abraham Lincoln, Letter, November 1, 1860, Papers of Abraham Lincoln, Library of Congress, https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mal/042/0423700/0423700.pdf).
On November 4: Donn Piatt, Memories of the Men Who Saved the Union (New York: Belford, Clarke, 1887), 30.
Again, Lincoln explained: Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, 3:279–82.
“The South”: “The South and the Revolutionary Consequences of Lincoln’s Election,” New York Herald, November 6, 1860; “The Secession Movement in the South,” New York Herald, November 6, 1860.
Dawn on Election Day: Oldroyd, Lincoln’s Campaign, 138–40; Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln, 2:313–15.
Lincoln walked: Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln, 1:386; Harold Holzer, Lincoln President-Elect: Abraham Lincoln and the Great Secession Winter, 1860–1861 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008), 44; Whipple, The Story-Life of Lincoln, 345.
The day after the election: Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln, 2:318.
On December 20: Yates Snowden and H.G. Cutler, eds., History of South Carolina (New York: Lewis, 1920), 1:662–63; “Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union,” http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/csa_scarsec.asp.
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