Thomas Cromwell
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Farmer, Richard, 523
Fastolf, George, 61
Felixstowe Priory, 83
Ferdinand I, King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperor, 136
Ferrar, Robert, Prior of Nostell, Bishop of St Davids, 490, 533
festivals, religious
Fetyplace, Edward, 66–7, 587
feudal rights: see uses; wardship
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 206
Field, John, 244
Fiennes, Thomas I, 8th Baron Dacre of the South, 324–6
Fiennes, Thomas II, 9th Lord Dacre of the South, 326
Finch, John, 367
First Fruits and Tenths, Act for (1534), 265–6, 274, 284
Fish, Simon, 120
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, 95–7, 144, 158, 166, 190, 227, 239, 243, 304, 311
and Cambridge University, 276
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 116, 233
imprisoned, 218, 249–51, 264, 267, 287
death, Plate 39; 268, 278–82, 284–6, 289–90, 297, 304, 350, 359, 380, 473, 487
and Cromwell, 229, 237, 248–50, 280
Fisher, Robert, 267
Fisher, Thomas, 304–5
Fitzalan, Henry, Lord Maltravers, 24th Earl of Arundel, 370, 534
Fitzgerald, Gerald, 9th Earl of Kildare, 255–6, 329
Fitzgerald, Thomas, Baron of Offaly, 10th Earl of Kildare (‘Silken Thomas’), 254–7, 328–9, 482
Fitzherbert, Anthony, 547
Fitzjames, John, 302
Fitzroy, Henry, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, 207, 258–9, 271, 311–12, 329, 357, 372, 386, 418, 436, 439
Fitzthomas, Thomas, 11th Earl of Desmond, 257
Fitzwilliam, William, 1st Earl of Southampton, 93, 97, 105, 132–3, 165, 176, 184, 229, 312, 326, 350, 386, 392–3, 397, 406–7, 436, 497
as Earl of Southampton, 437, 507, 513–14, 523–6, 534, 538
Flicke, Gerlach, Plate 16
Florence, 23–4, 28, 41, 56, 72, 101, 111
Ford Palace, 420
Forest, John, Plate 434; 459–61, 464–5
fornication, 167
Fotheringhay College, 489, 646
Fowler, Roger, 203–4, 209
Fox, Richard, Bishop of Winchester, 14
Foxe, Edward, 191, 244, 252, 304, 385, 412, 414, 417, 446
diplomacy, 262, 291, 347, 353, 364–6
death, 445, 507
see also Collectanea Satis Copiosa
Foxe, John, 33, 74, 109, 177, 341, 504–5
Acts and Monuments (‘Book of Martyrs’), Plate 40; 22, 26, 32–4, 68, 97, 105–10, 115, 120, 461, 477, 528, 532
Framlingham, 512
France, 12–14, 86, 108, 115, 126, 237–8, 248, 259, 274, 310, 398, 443–5, 498
ambassadors to and from: see Bonner; Browne, Anthony; Gardiner; Howard, Thomas; Marillac; Perreau; Vaux; Wallop; Wyatt
Kings: see François I; Philippe IV; Queens: see Mary Tudor
Reformation in, 333
wars with, 52, 55, 98, 191, 540
see also Valois dynasty
Franciscans, 164, 268–9, 453, 457; see also individual friaries; Observant Franciscans
François I, King of France, 84, 86, 121, 135, 156, 191–2, 206–9, 222, 238, 277, 279, 288–9, 412, 443–4, 448, 477, 491, 493, 526
Frankfurt am Main, 495
free will, 120
Freeman, John, 322, 377–8, 381, 383, 386, 391, 466, 490
Frescobaldi, Francesco, 23–5, 27, 41
Frescobaldi, Girolamo, 23
Frescobaldi, Leonardo, 23, 25
friars and friaries, 62, 73, 241, 264–5, 268, 270, 273, 289, 295, 319, 330–31, 395, 399, 411, 459–61, 481, 522; see also Austin Friars; Carmelites; Dominican Friars; Franciscan Friars; London: Crutched Friars; Observant Franciscans
dissolution, 410, 442, 452–9, 461–3, 467, 490, 532
Frith, John, 67, 139–40, 244–5
Fulham, 7
Fuller, Thomas, 9, 106, 201, 479, 518
funerals, 465, 467–8; see also eucharist: requiems
Fyllol, Jasper, 190, 282–3
Gage, John, 91–3, 98, 100, 105, 107–8, 117–20, 240, 431, 433, 441, 484, 497, 538, 540, 687
Galway, 521
Gardiner, Germain, 244–5
Gardiner, Stephen, Bishop of Winchester, Plate 15; 117, 244, 250, 261, 264, 275, 277, 304–6, 310, 497–8, 676
Master of Trinity Hall Cambridge, 178
in Wolsey’s service, 75–6, 83, 90, 100, 177, 203, 251
and annulment of Aragon marriage, 83, 115, 218
royal Secretary, 100, 102, 118, 132–3
made Bishop of Winchester, 132, 228, 242
embassies, 158–9, 177–8, 237, 248, 314, 337, 465, 475
defies Henry VIII, 177, 248, 259, 348, 541
and Six Articles, 499–500
confrontations with Barnes, 507, 516–17, 523
ejected from Privy Council, 507–8, 516
and Cranmer, 135–7
and Cromwell, 158–9, 176–8, 186, 314–15, 337–8, 523–4, 529
servants: see Cromwell alias Williams; Paget; Wriothesley
‘Wily Winchester’, 177, 314
writings, 279, 304, 365–6
Garigliano, battle of, 22–3
Garrett, Thomas, 66, 376, 516, 532–4
Garter, Knights and ceremonies, 334–5, 338, 341, 402, 424, 427–9, 437, 478, 520, 522, 525
General Councils, 190, 227, 237–8, 289, 412, 446–7, 459; see also Lateran; Mantua
Geneva, 288, 367, 371
Genoa, 210
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 144, 227
Geraldines (Fitzgerald family), 152–3, 254–7, 329–30, 406, 480–2, 545
German language, 27, 142
Germany, 109, 141, 176–7, 207, 257, 260–63, 445, 508
see also Holy Roman Empire; Jülich-Cleves-Berg; Lutheranism; Schmalkaldic League
Geyle, Gerrit, 287
Ghent, 111
Ghinucci, Girolamo, Bishop of Worcester, 42, 110, 278
Gifford, George, 322
Gifford, Nicholas, 126
Gigli, Silvestro, Bishop of Worcester, 42
Giggs, Margaret, 409
Gilbertine Order, 295, 321, 388, 463
gilds, 241; see also London: Mercers’ Company; Merchant Taylors’ Gild
Glass of the Truth, 190–91
Glastonbury Abbey, 320, 509–10, 691
Glossop, Nicholas, 17
Gloucester Priory and Cathedral, 510–11, 691
Gloucestershire, 297, 300, 302
God: see Holy Spirit; Jesus Christ; Mary; Roods; unitarianism
Godolphin, William, 375, 438, 445
Gold, Henry, 268
Goodall, John, 500
Goodricke, John, 221
Goodricke, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, 19–20, 114, 213, 252, 262, 384, 412
Goring, William, 497–8, 632
Gostwick, John, 200, 274, 284, 536–7
Gough, John I, of Calais, 45
Gough, John II, printer, 192, 222, 288, 460–61
grace: see justification
Grafton, 86, 429
Grafton, Richard, 416, 492
Grande Chartreuse, 281
Grantham, 473
Granvelle: see Perrenot
Great Councils, 235–7, 411
‘Great Matter’: see Henry VIII: annulment
Greek, 28, 306, 367
Greenwich Palace and Friary 108, 164, 227–30, 238, 247, 310, 334, 337–8, 369, 395–6, 407, 417, 459, 515, 637–8
Gregory I, Pope, 37
Grenville (Plantagenet), Honor, Lady Lisle, 186, 335, 449–51, 479, 484, 509, 522
Gresham, Richard, 27
Grey (Dudley), Cecily, Lady Dudley, 47
Grey, Lord George, 46–7
Grey, Henry, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, 7th Duke of Suffolk, 48–9, 370, 541–2, 551
Grey, Lord John, 47, 369
Grey, Lord Leonard, Viscount Graney, 47–8, 180, 329–30, 347, 376, 521–2, 527, 534, 545
and Irish faction, 404–7, 480–82, 546
Grey, Thomas I, 1st Marquess of Dorset, 54; see also Bonville
Grey, Thomas II, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, 46–50, 54, 56, 60–61, 178, 180, 309, 329, 618; see also Wotton
Grey, Lord Thomas III, 47
Grey, William, 460, 533
Griffith alias Griffin, Maurice, 200
Grynaeus, Simon, 136, 366, 368, 619
Guidotti, Antonio, 25
Guildford, 367–8, 426
Guildford, Edward, 48, 193, 369, 467, 484–6
Guildford, Henry, 43–4, 48, 60–61, 133, 309, 369, 485–6
Guildford, Richard, 300, 467: see also Vaux
Guisborough Priory, 388, 400
Guise, Marie de, 444, 446
Gwalther, Rudolph, 367–70, 414, 484
Gwent, Richard, 409
Gwynedd, John, 212
Hacket, John, 25–6, 286
Hackney, Plate 23; 340–41, 350–51, 356, 520
Hail Mary, 413, 481
Hailes Abbey, 63, 298–9, 420, 453, 477, 490
Halden, 485
Hales, Christopher, 105, 144, 149, 157, 194, 272, 355, 384, 419
Hales, John, 549, 612
Hall, Edward, 96–8, 149, 159, 531
Hall, Francis, 93
Hall, Thomas, 168, 173, 224
Hallom, John, 400
Haman, 331
Hamburg, 262–3, 446
Hammond, Thomas, Prior of London Austin Friars, 448
Hampshire, 298, 437, 497–8, 500
Hampton Court Palace, 14, 87, 128, 205, 356, 431, 435, 440, 520
handwriting, 50–51, 181, 214, 423, 441
Hanseatic League, 262–3, 277
Hanworth, 132, 177, 205
Hardham Priory, 200
Hare, Nicholas, 498
Harman, Richard, 114
Harpsfield, Nicholas, 4
Harrowden Hall, 58
Hartlebury, 534
Hatfield, 347
Hatton, Christopher, 542
Havering-atte-Bower, 445
Hawford, Philip, Abbot of Evesham, Dean of Worcester, 489, 510
Hawkins, Nicholas, 191, 195, 237
Hawkyard, Alasdair, 159
Haynes, Simon, 290, 462
Heath, Nicholas, Bishop of Rochester, Archbishop of York, 261, 291, 366, 449, 517
Hell, 460
Helston, 549
Helyar, John, 474
Heneage, Thomas, 176, 348, 382, 393, 478
Henry II, King of England, 528
Henry V, King of England, 12
Henry VI, King of England, 55
Henry VII, King of England, 12–14, 24, 57, 170, 183, 201, 318, 324, 374–5, 402
Henry VIII, King of England and Ireland, Plate 35; 12–15, 34, 42–3, 81–2, 91–2, 138–9, 157, 173, 197, 226, 234, 419, 437, 459, 473, 493, 551
annulment of Aragon marriage, Chs. 4–9, 262, 275, 281, 310, 318, 345
royal summit in Calais, 184–5, 191–2, 214
marriage to Anne Boleyn, Ch. 9
excommunicated, 237–8, 477–8
1535 progress, Ch. 13
annulment of Boleyn marriage, 339–40, 529
marriage to Jane Seymour, 345, 351, 359
and Pilgrimage of Grace, Chs. 16–17
marriage proposals, 438–9, 443–4, 461, 493–5, 508
marriage to Anne of Cleves and annulment, 512–23, 528–9, 532, 535
marriage to Katherine Howard, 529, 535
ill-health, 520, 541
marriage to Katherine Parr, 540
death and will, 540–42
tomb, 111, 537
assessment and character, 13, 43, 110, 115, 141, 158, 167, 169, 182, 201, 262, 306, 339, 374, 480, 504, 514, 538
books, 138, 141, 227
building, 171; see also defence, palaces
and Cromwell, 5–6, 27, 102, 106–10, 126–8, 141, 145, 162, 168–71, 184–5, 261, 272, 302, 310, 392–4, 396–9, 406–7, 413, 416, 440, 442–3
dedications to, 290–91, 313
foreign policy, 134–43, 156–7, 442–52
and humanism, 290–91, 415–16, 443, 495
and ‘middle way’, 289, 449, 494, 532, 499–500, 526, 531
and monasteries, 97, 201, 299–300, 491
and Parliament, 52, 95–6, 159, 163, 167, 217–19, 323
and Reformation, 190, 243, 245, 256, 260
and social reform, 186–8, 502
religious outlook, 71, 120, 135, 137, 163, 185, 211, 243, 245, 289, 363–71, 413, 452, 466, 476–7, 499, 524–5, 528
writings, 43, 191
see also Supremacy, Royal
Herbert, Edward, Lord Herbert of Chirbury, 20, 56, 98, 518, 527–8
Herbert, William, 18th Earl of Pembroke, 541
Hereford, Bishops: see Foxe; Skip
diocese, 274, 350, 465
heresy, 94, 96, 120, 160, 236–7, 241–5, 282, 361, 401, 417, 452, 459–61, 465, 483, 504, 525, 528–30, 532–3, 535; see also persecution, religious
Hertford, Earl of: see Seymour
Hertfordshire, 549
Hessen, 365; Landgraf: see Philipp
Hever Castle, 428
Hexham Priory, 380–81, 388, 434
Hidden (Doyley), Alice, 68
Hidden alias Eden, Clydesdale or Ledesdale, John 67–8
Higden, John, 76, 152
Hilsey, John, Bishop of Rochester, 200, 265, 302, 304, 331, 384, 412, 455, 463, 475, 517, 455, 463, 475, 517
preaching, 264, 311, 418, 453, 460, 477, 453, 460, 477
Hinchingbrooke, 521n
Hinton Charterhouse, 250
history and historiography, Tudor, 4, 115, 226–7, 417, 464–5, 528
Hoby, Philip, 478
Holbein, Hans, the Younger, Plates 2–3, 19, 21, 24–7, 31–7; 174–5, 363, 426, 461, 493, 506, 540
Holder, Nicholas, 39–40
Holgate, Robert, Master of the Gilbertines, Bishop of Llandaff, Archbishop of York, 295, 388, 400, 451, 463, 527
Holland, Elizabeth, 181
Holland, Hugh, 475
Holme Cultram Abbey, 50, 194
Holy Blood of Hailes, 298, 453, 477
holy days: see saints
holy orders: see ordination
Holy Roman Empire, 24–5, 115, 135–6, 191, 260–63, 310, 315, 333–4, 443, 446
ambassadors to and from: see Chapuys; Hacket; Hutton; Mendoza; Pate; Wyatt
Diet, 136
Emperors: see Charles V; Ferdinand I
see also Germany
Holy Spirit, 464, 500
Holyhead, 257, 405
homosexuality, 300; see also Buggery
Horde, Edmund, 250
Horncastle, 384
Horne, William, 410
Horsey, Jasper, 474
Horsham St Faith Priory, 432
Horsman, Leonard, 196, 380
Horsman, Margery, 316, 335, 380
Horsman, Roger, 196, 380, 630
Horwood alias Placet, John, 298–9, 305
hospitals, 294
Hotoft (Huttoft), Henry, 25
Hotoft, John, 25
Hough, Richard, 103
Hough, William, 102–3: see also Cromwell
Houghton, John, 2
50, 280–82
Howard (Vere), Anne, Countess of Oxford, 220, 223
Howard, Katherine: see Katherine Howard
Howard, Henry, Earl of Surrey, 180–81, 357–8, 541–2
Howard (Fitzroy), Mary, Duchess of Richmond, 258, 358
Howard, Thomas I, 13th Earl of Surrey, 7th Duke of Norfolk, 512
Howard, Thomas II, 14th Earl of Surrey, 8th Duke of Norfolk, Plate 14; 46, 56, 75, 83, 95–6, 99–101, 108, 115, 117–18, 127, 133, 152, 165, 192, 228–9, 235, 255, 277, 317, 335, 339, 349–50, 359, 436, 439, 448, 460, 495, 503, 521, 613
embassies, 179, 511
and monasteries, 308, 355, 429–35, 490, 501, 511–12
and Pilgrimage of Grace, 386–8, 390–92, 396, 399, 402, 407, 409, 415, 429
and Six Articles, 498–9, 504–5
arrest and imprisonment, 179–81, 541
assessment and character, 358
and Cromwell, 91–2, 126, 132–3, 169, 173–4, 178–81, 204, 224, 258–9, 357–8, 386–7, 406–7, 429–35, 437–8, 444–5, 479, 484, 504–5, 516, 525–6, 529, 538
and foreign policy, 315, 444, 526
regional power, 176, 293, 355–6, 359, 430–31, 497, 539
religious outlook, 190, 244, 435
see also Stafford
Howard, Thomas III, 9th Duke of Norfolk, 504–5
Howard, Lord Thomas IV, 357–8, 439
Hoxne, 355
Hubberdine, John, 473
Hull, 400, 409
Humanism, Renaissance, 28, 69, 82, 264, 290–91, 443; see also Coverdale; Cranmer; Cromwell; Erasmus; Gardiner; Grynaeus; Melanchthon; Tunstall
Hungary, 277
Hungerford, 67
Hungerford, Walter, 1st Baron Hungerford, 530
Hunne, Richard, 242
Hunsdon, 312, 349, 351
Hunt, Richard, 91
hunting and deer, 141, 359, 427, 429
Husee, John, 186, 239, 251, 283, 315, 335, 409, 425–6, 429, 436, 440, 445, 453, 484, 498, 503
Hussey, Anthony, 144
Hussey, John, Baron Hussey, 56, 165, 199, 229, 234, 350, 401–2, 473
Hussgen, Johann: see Oecolampadius, Johannes
Huttoft: see Hotoft
Hutton, John, 408, 494
hymns, 364
iconoclasm, 460, 500, 543, 549
iconophobia, 346
idolatry, 414, 460
images, 361–2, 364, 413–16, 453, 464–6; see also iconoclasm; iconophobia; idolatry
imperial status, 143–5, 217; see also Supremacy, Royal
indulgences, 31–4, 68, 465, 487
Ingham Priory, 308, 419–20, 454
Ingworth, Richard, Bishop of Dover, 62, 265, 455–8, 462–3
injunctions, 300, 458; see also Vice-Gerency; visitations
Innocent III, Pope, 420