The First Iron Lady
Page 44
Kingsman, Thomas 235
Kinnoull, Earl of 129
Kip, Johannes, ‘St James’s Palace and Parts adjacent’ 131
Kneller, Sir Godfrey 44, 85, 128, 133, 157, 232, 271
Knesebeck, Eleonore von dem 77, 80
Koblenz 32
Königsegg und Rothengels, Leopold von 29
Königsmarck, Aurora von 81
Königsmarck, Count Philip Christopher von 76–8
Lambeth Palace 260
Lansdowne, Mary FitzMaurice, Lady 274
Laroon, Marcellus, The Cryes of the City of London Drawne after the Life 121
Le Coq, Jacques 241
Le Nôtre, Andre 36, 71, 132
Leeds, Peregrine Osborne, 3rd Duke of 222
Leibniz, Wilhelm 33, 195
admiration for Figuelotte 37–8
character and description 37, 42
as unofficial go-between for courts of Hanover and Berlin 37
involvement in Caroline’s expected marriage to Charles of Spain 42, 44, 48, 50, 59
correspondence with Elisabeth-Christine 53
friendship with Caroline 55, 84–5, 100, 103–4, 196–200, 242
attempt to reunite Catholics and Protestants 64
informed of Figuelotte’s death 66
writes drama for theatre at Herrenhausen 70
correspondence with Toland 92
attempts to understand parliamentary opinions 95
admired by Henrietta Howard 101–2
acknowledges Caroline’s dependence on George Augustus 104
correspondence with Duchess of Montagu 140
on George Louis’s treatment of his son 145
on decline in religious belief in England 197
death of 200, 286
‘On What is Independent of Sense and Matter’ 37
Theodocy 99, 198
Leicester House 175–7, 179, 181, 185, 190, 191, 193, 195, 206, 212, 213, 218, 222–4, 250
Leicester Square 175
Leineschloss 69, 70, 72, 77, 78, 80, 87, 132, 146, 248
Leopold I 28, 43
Lepell, Molly see Hervey, Mary Lepell, Lady
Leslie, Charles 122
Lietzenburg (or Lützenburg) (renamed Charlottenburg) palace 36–7, 69, 71, 132, 139, 195, 257
Lincoln, Lucy Pelham, Countess of 124
Liselotte, Duchess of Orléans see Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte ‘Liselotte’, Duchess of
Locke, John 299
Essay Concerning Human Understanding 196
London Gazette 168, 330
Loudoun, Lady 138
Louis XIV 43, 46, 87, 105
Louis XV 235, 284
Louisa, Princess
birth of 210, 211
childhood and education 211–14
unaware of family undercurrents 269
takes part in afternoon theatricals 277
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
portraits of 302, 303
Louise Dorothea of Brandenburg 23, 59
Lowman, William 291
Lumley, Lady Mary 134
Lymington, John Wallop, 1st Viscount 276
Macclesfield, Charles Gerard, Earl of 63, 65, 297
Macky, John, Journey through England 188
Maddox, Isaac, Bishop of St Asaph 255
Madonett, Pierre 70
Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 39
Maingaud, Martin 158, 213, 249
Mainwaring, John 207
Maitland, Charles 215–17
An Account of Inoculating the Small Pox 215
Mantua, Ferdinando Carlo, Duke of 34
Marble Hill House, Twickenham 228, 312, 313
Margarete Gertrud ‘Trudchen’ 79
Margate 115
Margravine of Bayreuth 2
Maria Antonia of Habsburg 23
Mariazell 53
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of 84, 95, 98, 104, 135
Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of 6, 124–5, 138, 193, 209, 212, 232, 233, 279
Mary I 151
Mary II 2, 7, 63, 103–4, 118, 123, 124, 127, 129, 133, 139, 233, 234, 280–1
Mary of Modena 117
Mary, Princess
birth of 210
childhood and education 211–14
unaware of family undercurrents 269
takes part in afternoon theatricals 277
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
portraits of 302, 303
Mary, Queen of Scots 288
Mary (royal yacht) 115
Masham, Abigail 38
Maximilian II of Bavaria 23–4, 44
Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg 46, 65
Meadows, Mary 141, 255
Mencken, Otto 81
Mercier, Philippe 158, 210, 317
The Music Party 210
Meysenburg, Maria Katharine von 74
Middlesex, Lionel Sackville, 2nd Earl of 242
Mietke, Michael 34
Mohammed (Turkish valet) 144, 159, 254
Molesworth, Robert 194
Marinda: Poems and Translations upon several occasions 123
Mollet, André 132
Monmouth, Anne Scott, Duchess of 124, 162, 167
Monmouth, James, Duke of 162
Montagu, Edward Wortley 215
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley
on being tainted with the distempers of our climate 5
on Caroline as a scheming cynic 6, 99
on the taverns of Hanover 68
on the fruit trees at Herrenhausen 70
on wedding gifts received by Caroline 73
on Frederick Louis’s fine hair and sprightliness 88
on crowds at York acclaiming the new king 108
relationship with George Louis 127
on Caroline’s choice of household 134
on Caroline’s influence over her husband 134
on the way to get ahead at court 135
on lewdness of court 141
on support for Hanoverian succession 148
on accomplishments of Frederick Louis 159
on George Louis’s inner circle 159
encourages Caroline to meet Pope 193
on the reputation of a quarrel 204
on Caroline resenting respect for George Augustus 208
inoculated against smallpox 215
describes pastoral revelry at Richmond Lodge 221
at coronation of George Augustus and Caroline 250
on the princesses’ former governess 257
on George Augustus in middle age 278
‘Monday; Roxana or the Drawing Room’ 138
Montagu, Mary, Duchess of 135, 140, 167, 178
Montalbano, Nicolò 78
Mordaunt, Anna Maria 255
Morgan, John 118
Morphew, John, Jack Frenchman’s Lamentation 91
Morris, Richard, ‘Elegy to Queen Caroline’ 2
Morton, James Douglas, 14th Earl of 276
Most Honourable and Loyal Society of Antient Britons 153, 222
Munderkingen, battle of (1703) 65
Mustapha (Turkish valet) 144, 159, 254
Neitschütz, Magdalena Sibylla ‘Billa’ von, Countess of Rochlitz 26–31, 76, 103
Neitschütz, Ursula Die Generalin von 26–7, 31
Nering, Johann Arnold 36
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of 165, 168–70, 174, 191, 282
Newton, Isaac 197–8, 257, 286, 287
The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended 195
Opticks 196
Nicholls, Sutton 175
Norden, John 131
Norwich Gazette 277
Nottingham, Anne Hatton, Lady 137
An Ode to be Performed at the Castle of Dublin, On the 1st of March, being the Birth-day of Her Most Excellent and Sacred Majesty Queen Caroline 91–2
Old England journal 176
Oldfield, Ann 152, 194–5
Onslow, Arthur 243, 244
Oranienburg palace 41
Orban,
Father Ferdinand 46–8, 50, 198
Original Weekly Journal 124
Orkney, Elizabeth Villiers, Countess of 250, 273, 282
Orkney, George Hamilton, 1st Earl of 282
Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte ‘Liselotte’, Duchess of
on unsuitability of learning 36–7
description of Liebniz 42
confirms Caroline’s exemplary reputation 60
memories of Hanover at Christmas 68
assumes Herrenhausen is Sophia’s dower house 71
as the most improper letter-writer in Europe 72
‘mouse droppings in the pepper’ comment 73, 111, 143
on mistresses and cuckolds 76
on Sophea Dorothea at Ahlden 80
on George Augustus’s bad temper 85
on title of Princess of Wales 95
on familiarity being best 96
on jealousy 103
on length of Caroline’s letters to her 109
on Christmas 111
on etiquette at Versailles 140
lobbied by Jacobites 148–9
on rumour that George Louis was in love with Caroline 155
on noxious London air 160
learns of Caroline’s pregnancy problems 166
on trouble between George Louis and his son 170, 172
on cruelty of George Augustus to Caroline 173
relief at separate sleeping arrangements 184
learns of Princess Anne’s gift to her father 187
on George Louis spreading rumours about Caroline 191
on Caroline’s love for George Louis 192
concerned about inoculation 216
death of 274
correspondence of 288
Orléans, Philippe, Duke of 184
Orleans House, Twickenham 271
Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of 188
Ormonde Lodge see Richmond Lodge
Orpheus Caledonius; or, a Collection of the best Scotch Songs 154
Orrery, Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of 275
Oudenaarde, battle of (1708) 91, 137, 237, 280
‘Over the Hills and Far Away’ (Jacobite song) 10, 12
Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of 191
Palairet, Mr (writing master) 212
Parker, Thomas 249
Paulet, Anne 167
Pedro II of Portugal 44
Pembroke, Barbara, Countess of 178, 254, 313
Pendarves, Mary see Delany, Mrs
Penkethman, Mr (theatre owner) 221
Pepusch, John Christopher 260
Perceval, John 255
Perronet, Henry 70
Peter the wild boy 223–4, 254
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl 184, 194
Philipps, Jenkin Thomas 213–14, 277
Philpot, Stephen, Essay on the Advantages of a Polite Education joined with a Learned One 212
Pignata, Giuseppe, Adventures with the Inquisition 66
Pinkethman, William 190
Pistocchi, Antonio 20, 86, 223
Pitt, Thomas 129, 171
Plantamour, Philip 32
Platen, Clara Elisabeth, Countess von 74, 76, 78, 103
Poelenburgh, Cornelis van, Seven Children of the King and Queen of Bohemia 252
Poley, Sir Edmund 57
Pöllnitz, Baron von 26
Polwarth, Patrick Hume, Lord 157–8, 230
Pomfret, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of 142, 211, 225, 254, 268, 269, 294, 296, 304, 324
Pomfret, Thomas Fermor, Earl of 257, 258
Pope, Alexander 152, 160, 162, 175, 184, 188, 189, 193, 228, 259, 286, 296, 313, 317
‘Court Ballad’ 141
Dunciad 6, 194, 286–7
Homer 97
The Iliad 5
Of the Characters of Women 2
The Shepherd’s Week 97
Porteous, Captain John 323
Portland, Elizabeth Noel, Lady 186, 187, 192, 206, 210, 251, 268
Portland, Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of 12
Portland, Jane Martha Temple, Dowager Countess of 180
Portsmouth, Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of 162
Potter, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 327, 328
Pretszch 250
Queen’s College, Oxford 333–4
Queensberry, Duchess of 193
Quennell, Peter, Caroline of England 3, 235
Rabelais, François, The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel 237
Raby, Thomas Wentworth, Lord 50, 58–9
Reeds, Mr (lace-maker) 144
Regency Act (1690) 281
Residenz Ansbach 17–19
Ricci, Marco 126
Rich, John 260
Richmond, Sarah, Duchess of 164, 254, 257
Richmond Lodge 188–90, 194, 208, 218, 221–2, 251, 278, 282, 286, 287, 290, 300
Richmond Palace 188
Richmond Park 190
Ridpath, George 100
Riegel, Christoph 68
Rizzio, David 154
Robethon, Jean de 165
Rochester 115
Rolli, Paolo 239
Rowe, Nicholas 195
Tragedy of Lady Jane Gray 151–2, 290
Roxburgh, John Ker, Duke of 191
Royal Academy of Music 222–3
Royal Navy 170
Rupert, Prince 137
Rushout, Sir John 252–3
Rysbrack, John Michael 2, 316, 324, 333
St Albans, Diana, Duchess of 133, 135, 143, 162, 167, 168, 178, 225
Saint-Evremond, Charles de 97, 150
St Germain-en-Laye 106
St James’s Palace 5, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124, 130–3, 135, 149, 166, 172, 180, 197, 206, 210, 218, 222, 251, 254, 264, 270, 272, 279, 285, 287, 306, 322, 324
St James’s Park 115, 167, 329
St John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke 106, 313–14
St John, Honourable Mrs 226
St Paul’s Cathedral 120
Salmon, Mary 301
Sartorio, Hieronymo 69
Saturday Evening Post 117
Saussure, César de 122, 152, 244, 267, 272, 287, 290
Savage, Richard 150, 260, 291–2
The Bastard 240
Scarborough, Richard Lumley, Earl of 165, 283, 309
Scharzfelz Castle 80
Schaumburg-Lippe, Johanna Sophia, Countess of (and Countess of Bückeburg) 12, 84, 97, 102, 110, 125, 136, 167, 180, 186
Schomberg, Lady Frederica 135
Schöpflin, Johann Daniel 240
Schulenburg, Frederick William von der 145, 172
Schulenburg, Melusine von der 145, 172
character and description 76, 79, 84, 155
children of 76, 79
mistress of George Louis 76, 79, 103, 130
recovers from smallpox 79
accompanies George Louis to London 110
as intermediary between Caroline and George Louis 170
relationship with Caroline 179
access to Caroline’s children 210
created Duchess of Kendal 218
involvement in South Sea Bubble 218–19
consulted about Frederick Louis’s marriage 305
withdrawal from court 305
Schütz, Baron von 86
Schütz, George von 95, 106
Schutz, Mademoiselle 96
Scott, Walter, The Heart of Midlothian 150, 164
Seeman, Enoch 232
Select Lords 283, 284
Septennial Act (1716) 147
Sewell, George, Verses to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, Occasion’d by the Death of the Young Prince 177
Seymour, Lady Betty 307
Shadwell, Sir John 226
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of 276
Sheriffmuir, battle of (1715) 149, 156
Sherlock, Dr Thomas 201
Shrewsbury, Adelaide Talbot, Duchess of 133, 135, 162, 167, 226
Shrider, Christopher 232
Sloane, Sir Hans 206, 212, 215
Smith, Josep
h 328, 334
Somerset House 126, 130, 133, 282
Sophia, dowager electress of Hanover 7, 38, 129
character and description 41–2
intellectual restlessness 45
hatred of Jesuits 46
believes Caroline should marry George Augustus 49–50
comment on Caroline 51
pleased at Caroline’s marriage to George Augustus 60
as heir to English throne 61–6
designs garden at Herrenhausen 70–1
welcomes Caroline to Leineschloss 72
tolerates husband’s mistress 76
influence on grandson George Augustus 82
comment on Marlborough 84
friendship with Caroline 86
comment on Caroline’s first-born son 88
fondness for niece 95
on Caroline’s ability to speak English 97
and question of English succession 105, 107
comment on Frederick Louis’s excitement at Christmas 111
collections assembled by 288
death of 107–8
Sophia Charlotte, Countess of Darlington see Kielmansegg, Sophia Charlotte von
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ‘Figuelotte’
as Caroline’s mentor and guardian 7, 35, 38–9
character and description 33–5
love of music and philosophy 34–5, 37–8
death and survival of children 35–6
palace and gardens at Lützenburg 36–7
anglophilia of 37
interest in ‘the why of the why’ 38, 45
comment on Caroline’s appearance 44
attitude to Caroline marrying Charles of Spain 48–51
tolerates husband’s mistress 76
provides entertainments and culture at Lützenburg 139
marriage 265
death of 66–7
Sophia Dorothea of Celle
character and description 73–5
family background 73
marriage to George I 73–6
takes Swedish count as lover 76–8, 146
divorced and banished to Ahlden 78–80, 130, 171, 177
denied contact with her children 79, 80
romanticised in a novel 81
death and burial 229–30
and marriage of grandchildren 304
Sophia Dorothea of Prussia 76, 82, 85, 90, 108, 168, 209, 249, 265, 331
Sophie Charlotte of Brunswick-Lüneburg 25
South Sea Bubble 219–20
Spectator 3, 89, 263
Spence, Joseph, A Full and Authentick Account of Stephen Duck the Wiltshire Poet 298
Spence, Mr 275
Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene 301
Stair, John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of 309, 310
Stanhope, Lord see Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of
Steffani, Agostino 34, 69, 70
Stepney, George 77, 78, 83
on Eleonore 23, 24, 28, 30
on John George IV 25, 26
writes elegy to Eleonore 31
visits Eleonore 32