Advanced Criminal Investigations and Intelligence Operations

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• Santali (in Jharkhand)

• Sindhi (Sindhi community/people dependent)

• Tamil (in Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and

Pondicherry)

• Telugu (in Andhra Pradesh and Pondicherry)

• Urdu (in Jammu and Kashmir)

• Indonesia: Indonesian

• Iran: Persian

• Iraq

• Arabic (statewide)

• Kurdish (in the Kurdish autonomous region)

• Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (in Assyrian areas)

• Iraqi Turkmen (in Turkmen areas)

• Ireland (Languages of Ireland)

• Irish (national)

• English (national)

• Israel

• Hebrew

• English

• Arabic

• Italy

• Italian (statewide)

• Albanian (in some parts of Southern Italy)

• Catalan (in Alghero, Sardinia)

• Croatian (in Montemitro and Acquaviva Collecroce and

San Felice, Molise)

• French (in Aosta Valley)

• Friulian (in Friuli)

• German (in Alto Adige/Südtirol)

• Greek (in some parts of Apulia and Calabria)

• Ladin (in some parts of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol)

• Slovene (in some parts of Friuli-Venezia Giulia)

• Jamaica: English

• Japan

• Japanese

• Ryukyuan (minority language)

• Ainu (minority language)

• Korean (minority language)

516

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

• Jordan: Arabic

• Kazakhstan

• Kazakh (national)

• Russian

• Kenya

• English

• Swahili (national)

• Kiribati

• English

• Kiribati (national)

• North Korea: Korean

• South Korea: Korean

• Kuwait: Arabic

• Kyrgyzstan

• Kirghiz (national)

• Russian

• Laos: Lao

• Latvia

• Latvian

• Latgalian

• Lebanon

• Arabic

• French

• English

• Armenian

• Lesotho

• English

• Sotho (national)

• Liberia: English

• Libya: Arabic

• Liechtenstein: German

• Lithuania: Lithuanian

• Luxembourg

• French

• German

• Luxembourgish (national)

• Macedonia

• Macedonian (statewide)

• Albanian

• Turkish

• Madagascar

• French

• English

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

517

• Malagasy (national)

• Malawi

• Chichewa (national)

• English

• Malaysia: Malay (national)

• Maldives: Dhivehi

• Mali: French

• Malta

• Maltese (national)

• English

• Italian

• Marshall Islands

• English

• Marshallese (national)

• Mauritania

• Arabic (national)

• French

• Fula (national)

• Soninke (national)

• Wolof (national)

• Mauritius

• English

• French (de facto, lingua franca)

• Mauritian Creole

• Mexico: No official language; Spanish is the de facto official language

• Federated States of Micronesia

• Chuukese (in Chuuk)

• English (statewide except in Kosrae, where it has a constitutionally

protected associate status)

• Kosraean (in Kosrae)

• Pohnpeian (in Pohnpei)

• Ulithian (in Yap)

• Yapese (in Yap)

• Moldova

• Gagauz (in Gagauzia)

• Moldovan (or Romanian; statewide)

• Russian (in Gagauzia and Transnistria)

• Ukrainian (in Transnistria)

• Monaco: French

• Mongolia: Mongolian

• Montenegro

• Montenegrin (national)

• Bosnian

518

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

• Croatian (in Tivat)

• Serbian (in Herceg Novi)

• Albanian (in Ulcinj)

• Morocco: Arabic

• Mozambique: Portuguese

• Myanmar (Burma): Burmese

• Namibia: English

• Nauru

• English

• Nauruan

• Nepal: Nepali

• Netherlands

• No official language nationwide; Dutch is the de facto official lan-

guage and the national language

• English (on Netherlands Antilles)

• West Frisian (in Friesland)

• Limburgish (regional language)

• Low Saxon (regional language)

• Papiamento (on Aruba, Netherlands Antilles)

• New Zealand

• English is a de facto official language (statewide)

• Maori (statewide)

• NZSL (New Zealand deaf community)

• Cook Islands Maori (in the Cook Islands)

• Niuean (in Niue)

• Tokelauan (in Tokelau)

• Nicaragua: Spanish

• Niger: French

• Nigeria

• English

• Hausa (national)

• Yoruba (national)

• Igbo (national)

• Norway (languages of Norway)

• Norwegian (statewide; Bokmål and Nynorsk are the official

forms, and municipalities choose between them or a neutral

stance)

• Sami (indigenous language in vast areas from Engerdal to the

Russian border, official administrative language in Kautokeino,

Karasjok, Gáivuotna-Kåfjord, Nesseby, Porsanger, Tana, Tysfjord,

and Snåsa)

• Kven (national minority language, administrative language in

Porsanger)

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

519

• Romani (national minority language)

• Scandoromani (national minority language)

• Oman: Arabic

• Pakistan

• Urdu (national language)

• English (official language)

• Balochi (provincial language)

• Pashto (provincial language)

• Punjabi (provincial language)

• Sindhi (provincial language)

• Palau

• English (statewide)

• Palauan (statewide)

• Sonsorolese (in Sonsorol)

• Tobian (in Hatohobei)

• Angaur (in Angaur)

• Japanese (in Angaur)

• Palestinian Authority: Arabic

• Panama: Spanish

• Papua New Guinea

• English

• Hiri Motu

• Tok Pisin

• Paraguay

• Spanish

• Guaraní

• Peru

• Spanish

• Aymara

• Quechua

• All native languages in ar
eas where they are spoken by the major-

ity of people

• Philippines

• Arabic (recognized as voluntary and optional statewide)

• Bikol Central (in Luzon)

• Cebuano (in Visayas and Mindanao)

• English (statewide)

• Filipino (statewide) (national)

• Hiligaynon (in Visayas and Mindanao)

• Ilokano (in Luzon)

• Kapampangan (in Luzon)

• Kinaray-a (in the Visayas)

520

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

• Maranao (in Mindanao)

• Maguindanao (in Mindanao)

• Pangasinan (in Luzon)

• Spanish (recognized as voluntary and optional statewide)

• Tagalog (in Luzon)

• Tausug (in Mindanao)

• Waray-Waray (in the Visayas)

• Poland

• Polish (sole official language of state)

• Kashubian (recognized regional language and auxiliary language

in part of Pomeranian Voivodeship)

• German (minority language and auxiliary language in part of

Opole Voivodeship)

• Lithuania (minority language and auxiliary language in Puńsk

commune, Podlaskie Voivodeship)

• Belorussian (minority language and auxiliary language in

Hajnówka commune, Podlaskie Voivodeship)

• Portugal (languages of Portugal)

• Portuguese

• Mirandese (regional, in Miranda do Douro)

• Qatar: Arabic

• Romania: Romanian

• Russia (languages of Russia)

• Russian (federal)

• Abaza (in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic)

• Adyghe (in the Republic of Adygea)

• Agul (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Altay (in the Altai Republic)

• Avar (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Azerbaijani (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Bashkir (in the Republic of Bashkortostan)

• Buryat (in Buryat Republic)

• Chechen (in the Chechen Republic and Republic of Dagestan)

• Chuvash (in the Chuvash Republic)

• Dargin (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Erzya (in the Republic of Mordovia)

• Ingush (in the Republic of Ingushetia)

• Kabardian (in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic and Karachay-

Cherkess Republic)

• Kalmyk (in the Republic of Kalmykia)

• Karachay-Balkar (in the Kabardino-Balkar Republic and

Karachay-Cherkess Republic)

• Khakas (in the Republic of Khakassia)

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

521

• Komi-Zyrian (in the Komi Republic)

• Kumyk (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Lak (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Lezgian (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Mari (in the Mari El Republic)

• Moksha (in the Republic of Mordovia)

• Nogai (in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and in the Republic of

Dagestan)

• Ossetic (in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania)

• Rutul (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Sakha (in the Sakha Republic)

• Tabasaran (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Tatar (in the Republic of Tatarstan)

• Tati (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Tsakhur (in the Republic of Dagestan)

• Tuvin (in the Tuva Republic)

• Udmurt (in the Republic of Udmurtia)

• Rwanda

• English

• French

• Kinyarwanda

• Saint Kitts and Nevis: English

• Saint Lucia: English

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: English

• Samoa

• English

• Samoan (national)

• San Marino: Italian

• São Tomé and Príncipe: Portuguese

• Saudi Arabia: Arabic

• Senegal

• French

• Jola-Fogny (national)

• Malinke (national)

• Mandinka (national)

• Pulaar (national)

• Serer-Sine (national)

• Wolof (national)

• Serbia

• Serbian (statewide)

• Albanian (in Kosovo and some municipalities in southern Serbia)

• Bosniak (in municipalities of Sandzak)

• Croatian (in Vojvodina)

522

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

• Hungarian (in Vojvodina)

• Romanian (in Vojvodina)

• Rusyn (in Vojvodina)

• Slovak (in Vojvodina)

• Seychelles

• English

• French

• Seychellois Creole

• Sierra Leone: English

• Singapore

• English

• Malay (national)

• Chinese ( written: simplified Chinese; spoken: Mandarin)

• Tamil

• Slovakia

• Slovak

• Hungarian (minority, in southern Slovakia)

• Slovenia

• Hungarian ( minority language in Dubrovnik , Hodoš, and Lendava)

• Italian (minority language in Izola, Koper, and Piran)

• Slovene (statewide)

• Solomon Islands: English

• Somalia

• Somali is the de facto official language and the national

language

• Italian spoken by dying few

• Arabic not spoken, only to read Quran

• South Africa

• Afrikaans

• English

• Ndebele

• Northern Sotho

• Sotho

• Swazi

• Tsonga

• Tswana

• Venda

• Xhosa

• Zulu

• Spain

• Spanish (statewide)

• Catalan (in the Balearic Islands, Catalonia, and Valencia)

• Galician (in Galicia)

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

523

• Basque (in Basque Country and Navarre)

• Occitan (in Catalonia)

• Sri Lanka

• Sinhala

• Tamil

• Sudan

• Arabic

• English

• Suriname: Dutch

• Swaziland

• English

• Swazi

• Sweden

• No official language statewide; Swedish is the de facto official

language. As of July 1, 2009, Swedish is the official language

de jure

• Finnish (in Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå, and the surrounding areas; minority language)

• Meänkieli (in Gällivare, Haparanda, Kiruna, Pajala, Övertorneå, and the surrounding areas; minority language)

• Romani (historical minority language)

• Sami (in Arjeplog, Gällivare, Jokkmokk, Kiruna, and the surrounding areas; minority language)

• Yiddish (historical minority language)

• Switzerland

• German (in Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell

Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Bern, Fribourg,

Glarus, Graubünden, Lucerne, Nidwalden, Obwalden, St. Gallen,

Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Uri, Valais, Zug, and

Zürich)

• French (in Bern, Fribourg, Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel, Valais, and

&nbs
p; Vaud)

• Italian (in Ticino and Graubünden)

• Romansh (in Graubünden)

• Syria: Arabic

• Tajikistan: Tajik

• Tanzania: Swahili (national)

• Thailand: Thai

• Togo: French

• Tonga

• English

• Tongan (national)

• Trinidad and Tobago: English

524

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

• Tunisia

• Arabic (national)

• French

• Turkey: Turkish

• Turkmenistan: Turkmen

• Tuvalu

• English

• Tuvaluan (national)

• Uganda

• English

• Swahili (national)

• Ukraine

• Ukrainian

• Russian (regional in Donetsk Oblast, Luhansk, Kherson, Mykolaiv,

Odessa Oblasts, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea)

• Hungarian (regional in parts of Zakarpattia Oblast)

• United Arab Emirates: Arabic

• United Kingdom

• English, with the following specifications:

− English (in Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Indian Ocean

Territory, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands,

the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Jersey, Montserrat,

Northern Ireland [de facto], the Pitcairn Islands, Saint

Helena, and Turks and Caicos Islands)

− Cornish (minority language in Cornwall)

− Dgèrnésiais (in Guernsey)

− French (in Guernsey and Jersey)

− Irish (in Northern Ireland)

− Jèrriais (in Jersey)

− Pitcairnese (in the Pitcairn Islands)

− Scots (minority language in Northern Ireland and Scotland)

− Scottish Gaelic (in Scotland)

− Welsh (in Wales)

• United States

• No official language nationwide; English is the de facto official

language

− Carolinian (regional language in the Northern Mariana Islands)

− Chamorro (regional language in Guam and the Northern

Mariana Islands)

− French (regional language in parts of Louisiana and Maine)

− Hawaiian (regional language in Hawaii)

− Samoan (regional language in American Samoa)

− Spanish (regional language in Puerto Rico and New Mexico)

Appendix E: Lists of Most Common Languages

525

• Uruguay: Spanish

• Uzbekistan: Uzbek

• Vanuatu

• Bislama (national)

• English

• French

• Vatican City: No official language; Italian is the de facto official

language

• Venezuela: Spanish

• Vietnam: Vietnamese

• Western Sahara (SADR) (Western Sahara): Arabic

• Yemen: Arabic

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