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Wilmington's Lie

Page 39

by Zucchino, David


  Twenty-One: Choke the Cape Fear with Carcasses

  “Colonel! Colonel Waddell!” Wilmington Messenger, October 25, 1898.

  Large audiences weren’t Bennett L. Steelman, “Black, White and Gray: The Wilmington Race Riot in Fact and Legend,” North Carolina Literary Review 2, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 73.

  “Buffalo Bill” Cody Star-News, Wilmington, N.C. April 8, 2009.

  “a sizzling talk” Wilmington Messenger, October 25, 1898.

  “The time has” Ibid.

  “the most remarkable” Ibid.

  Waddell later boasted Riot Commission Report, 81.

  West provided a Washington Post article, reprinted in Wilmington Semi-Weekly Messenger, November 4, 1898.

  Some of their Winston-Salem Union Republican, March 15, 1900.

  Children, let out Wilmington Messenger, November 4, 1878.

  Some blacks called Prather, We Have Taken a City, 21.

  Dowling and other Ibid. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 625. Wilmington Messenger, October 8, 1878.

  “Hang Wright!” Winston-Salem Union Republican, March 15, 1900.

  The air was Richmond Times report, reprinted in Wilmington Messenger, November 5, 1898.

  Shots were fired Contested Election Case, 362.

  The mood was Wilmington Messenger, November 3, 1898.

  “fire them up” Riot Commission Report, 83.

  “fighting whiskey” Contested Election Case, 388.

  “That was the” Daniels, Editor in Politics, 293–294.

  “tackled every nigger” Riot Commission Report, 84.

  The Red Shirts Wilmington Evening Dispatch, November 5, 1898.

  Twenty-Two: The Shepherds Will Have Nowhere to Flee

  In response, the Wilmington Messenger, November 3, 1898.

  “And don’t allow” News and Observer, October 8, 1898.

  “Every lover of” Richmond Times, November 5, 1898. News and Observer, November 8, 1898.

  On November 1 Evening Star, Washington, D.C., November 2, 1898.

  “We say now” Daily Record, October 20, 1898, courtesy of a project to preserve copies of the Daily Record, John Jeremiah Sullivan and Joel Finsel, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, Cape Fear Museum, Williston Middle School, Friends School of Wilmington, cited in Star-News , Wilmington, N.C., July 21, 2017.

  “We have a” Indianapolis Freeman , December 3, 1898.

  Others grumbled and Prather, We Have Taken a City, 96. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 650. Riot Commission Report, 107.

  “if negroes do” Riot Commission Report, 107.

  “The Sambos do” Wilmington Messenger, September 21, 1898.

  But his capitulation McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 614. Wilmington Messenger, September 21, 1898.

  Wright suspended six Contested Election Case, 375–378. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 614. Wilmington Messenger, September 21, 1898.

  “Listen to us!” Rev. J. Allen Kirk, “A Statement of Facts Concerning the Bloody Riot in Wilmington, N.C. Of Interest to Every Citizen of the United States.” Electronic Edition, Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4.

  “We are further” News and Observer, October 22, 1898.

  How the officers Wilmington Messenger, November 6, 1898.

  The Messenger predicted Wilmington Messenger, November 1, 1898.

  Some reporters accepted Prather, We Have Taken a City, 150. B. F. Keith, Memories (Raleigh: Bynum Printing Company, 1922), 113.

  Washington Post correspondent Wilmington Messenger, November 8, 1898.

  “It was this” Henry Litchfield West, “The Race War in North Carolina,” Forum, January 1899, 579–581.

  Even as white Kirk, “A Statement of Facts,” 2–3. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 654.

  In Washington, a Wilmington Messenger , November 6, 1898.

  “There has never” Morning Post , Raleigh, N.C., September 13, 1898.

  A committee of Evening Star, Washington, D.C., November 2, 1898.

  The Wilmington Messenger Wilmington Messenger, November 8, 1898.

  “the most remarkable” Evening Star , Washington, D.C., November 8, 1898.

  “never look a” Wilmington Messenger , November 8, 1898.

  For the city’s West, “The Race War in North Carolina,” 581.

  They were drilled Evening Star , Washington, D.C., November 8, 1898.

  “Shoot him down” Atlanta Constitution , November 8, 1898. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 102.

  On board was Wilmington Messenger , November 8, 1898.

  Inside, in the Prather, We Have Taken a City , 105.

  Twenty-Three: A Pitiful Condition

  “Proud Caucasians one” Wilmington Messenger , November 8, 1898.

  Red Shirts paraded Prather, We Have Taken a City, 102.

  “Pistols were held” Kirk, “A Statement of Facts,” 5.

  “There is no” Evening Star, Washington, D.C., November 8, 1898.

  “frightened into” Keith, Memories , 109.

  By the Washington Evening Star, Washington, D.C., November 8, 1898.

  Fifty Red Shirts Union-Republican, Winston-Salem, N.C., March 15, 1900.

  Finally convinced that Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 20. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 665–666. Umfleet, A Day of Blood, 218.

  “May God be” Interview with Milo A. Manly by Professor Charles Hardy III, September 11, 1984.

  Strange was also Susan Taylor Block, Temple of Our Fathers: St. James Church 1729–2004 (Wilmington, N.C.: Artspeaks, 2004), 115, 118.

  According to Clawson Clawson, “The Wilmington Race Riot in 1898,” 7–8.

  “The outfit of” Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898.

  The wagon lurched Carrie Sadgwar Manly, letter to sons, January 14, 1954. Milo Manly interview by Charles Hardy III, September 11, 1984. (Manly family lore has offered several versions of Alex Manly’s escape from Wilmington. I rely here on the accounts provided by Carrie Sadgwar Manly and by her son Milo A. Manly. Carrie Manly indicated in a series of letters to her sons in 1954 that her account came directly from her husband. It contained at least one contradiction: Carrie Manly wrote that Frank Manly had escaped the city with his brother. But Frank told a Washington newspaper that he was still at the Daily Record the morning of the riot and fled the city later that day. Milo Manly did not provide a source for the account he related during his 1984 interview with Professor Charles Hardy III. But he indicated that it had been passed down by family members, and he mentioned several conversations with his father on other matters. Milo Manly said the man who gave his father the password and money was a German grocer who had befriended Alex Manly, but he did not provide the grocer’s name.)

  Twenty-Four: Retribution in History

  The mayor had McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 664.

  This was in Ibid., 667. Contested Election Case, 331–341. Morning Star, Wilmington, N.C., November 12, 1898. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 18.

  “they constantly carry” Contested Election Case, 246.

  “I want to” Atlanta Constitution , November 5, 8, 9, 1898.

  Lee wrote that Baltimore Sun article, reprinted in Wilmington Messenger , November 18, 1898.

  “After being out” Cronly, Account of the Race Riot, 6.

  The Messenger, which Wilmington Messenger, November 9, 1898.

  The reporters assured Evening Star, Washington, D.C., November 9, 1898.

  “The whites were” New York Times, November 9, 1898.

  In fact, the News and Observer, November 10, 1898.

  “The governor took” Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898. New Berne Journal, November 10, 1898. Prather, “The Red Shirt Movement in North Carolina,” 179.

  He looked ridiculous Douglas Carl Abrams, “A Progressive-Conservative Duel: The 1920 Democratic Gubernatorial Primaries in North Carolina,” North Carolina Historical Review 55, no. 4 (October 1978): 426–427.

&n
bsp; Some had been Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898.

  “Bring him out!” Prather, We Have Taken a City, 103–104.

  One drunken man Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898.

  The next day Ibid.

  The governor stormed Crow and Durden, Maverick Republican, 134.

  Twenty-Five: The Forbearance of All White Men

  OUR STATE REDEEMED Wilmington Messenger, November 9, 1898.

  OLD NORTH STATE Atlanta Constitution, November 9, 1898.

  WHITE SUPREMACY RECEIVES News and Observer, November 9, 1898.

  In a matter of months Wooley, “Race and Politics,” 344.

  “And I am” News and Observer , November 15, 1898.

  “The Game Is” News and Observer, November 10, 1898.

  “the Little Giant” Cash, “Jehovah of the Tar Heels,” 313.

  Democrats now held McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 670.

  Roger Moore, the Wilmington Morning Star, November 12, 1898.

  “A full attendance” Wilmington Messenger , November 9, 1898.

  “I had never” Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 10.

  Inside, he encountered Alfred Moore Waddell, “The Story of the Wilmington, N.C., Race Riot,” Collier’s Weekly, November 26, 1898. Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898.

  They were newspaper Wilmington Messenger , November 10, 1898.

  Beside him, their Wilmington Morning Star, November 10, 1898.

  But if the Wilmington Morning Star , November 10, 1898. Wilmington Messenger , November 10, 1898. Wilmington Evening Dispatch, November 9, 1898. News and Observer , November 10, 1898.

  There were cries Prather, We Have Taken a City , 109. Wilmington Messenger , November 10, 1898.

  “That ain’t no” Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898.

  They wanted Wilmington’s Prather, We Have Taken a City , 109.

  “Well, then, Wilmington” Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion , 23. Wilmington Messenger , November 10, 1898.

  “The pot needs” Wilmington Morning Star, November 10, 1898. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 22.

  “It is the sense” Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898. Wilmington Morning Star, November 10, 1898.

  The Colonel purposely Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 12.

  “Flushed with victory” West, “Race War in North Carolina,” 583.

  Armond W. Scott Alfred M. Waddell Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Wilmington Daily Star, November 8 and 10, 1898.

  Waddell and others Umfleet, A Day of Blood, 219.

  “The following named” Wilmington Messenger, November 10, 1898. Wilmington Morning Star, November 10, 1898. Waddell Papers.

  The Red Shirts Indianapolis Freeman, December 3, 1898.

  They arrived carrying West, “Race War in North Carolina,” 584.

  “Stern and determined” Wilmington Messenger , November 19, 1898.

  He merely read Prather, We Have Taken a City, 111. West, “Race War in North Carolina,” 584.

  “We don’t want” McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 683.

  Waddell ignored him Prather, We Have Taken a City, 111.

  The next morning Wilmington Morning Star, November 10, 1898.

  Armond had graduated Riot Commission Report, 277.

  “disregard the first” Morning Star, Wilmington, September 20, 1898.

  “We, the colored” Waddell Papers.

  He deposited the McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 686.

  The gathering broke Ibid., 687.

  BOOK THREE : LINE OF FIRE

  Twenty-Six: What Have We Done?

  Waddell had been McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 694.

  The next day’s Wilmington Messenger , November 11, 1898.

  “Every man brought” Ibid.

  He had given McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 694.

  Colonel Taylor instructed Minutes of the Organizational Meeting, Wilmington Light Infantry.

  He ordered them Ibid. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 694–695.

  Many of the Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 22. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 695.

  They later made Evening Times, Washington, D.C., November 22, 1898.

  “Situation here serious” Colonel Walker Taylor, Reports on the Riots at Wilmington, Adjutant-General, State of North Carolina, November 22, 1898, document No. 9, 29.

  Some of the Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 26.

  With just a Contested Election Case, 364.

  Broken furniture and Prather, We Have Taken a City, 113.

  Other men ripped Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 26.

  Soon embers from Washington Evening Star, November 10, 1898.

  Someone sounded an Ibid., 27. Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898. Washington Evening Star, November 10, 1898.

  The bottom floor Prather, We Have Taken a City, 113. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 27. Wilmington Evening Dispatch, November 10, 1898.

  “Now let us” Waddell, “The Story,” Collier’s Weekly.

  The wives of Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 14. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 117. McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 708.

  “They are going” Prather, We Have Taken a City, 116.

  It was “a fool” Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 13–14.

  He warned that James H. Cowan, “The Wilmington Race Riot,” manuscript, New Hanover County Public Library, Wilmington, N.C. deRossett, Pictorial and Historical New Hanover County, 30. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 35.

  “It was little” Minutes of the Organizational Meeting, Wilmington Light Infantry.

  The news seemed Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 15.

  Twenty-Seven: Situation Serious

  Though Brooklyn was Kirk, “A Statement of Facts,” 9.

  From streetcar windows Prather, We Have Taken a City, 122.

  Other men ran Contested Election Case, 341–343. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 119. Wilmington Evening Dispatch, November 10, 1898. Morning Star, Wilmington, November 11, 1898. Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 24–26.

  “Kill the niggers!” Prather, We Have Taken A City, 171.

  “They’re fighting over” Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 10. McDuffie, “Politics is Wilmington,” 713.

  “Gunfire rattled all” Clawson, “The Wilmington Race Riot in 1898,” 6.

  A correspondent for Collier’s Weekly reported Collier’s Weekly, November 26, 1898.

  Fourteen bleeding men Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898.

  The hospital was Washington Post, November 14, 1898.

  “All except the” Dr. R. E. Zachary, “Gun-Shot Wounds—with Report of a Case of Gun-Shot Wound of Stomach,” from Transactions of the Medical Society of the State of North Carolina, Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting, Held at Asheville, N.C. (Charlotte, N.C.: Observer Printing and Publishing House, 1899), 134.

  “it appeared impossible” Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898. Clawson, “The Wilmington Race Riot in 1898,” 5.

  He toppled over Prather, We Have Taken a City, 120.

  One of the Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898.

  Armed guards were McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 714.

  Along the riverfront Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898.

  “The governor directs” Report of the Commanding Officer, Public Documents, 28–32.

  The governor’s adjutant Ibid., 30.

  The Maxton militia Wilmington Messenger, November 13, 1898.

  “I need two” Report of the Commanding Officer, Public Documents, 30. News and Observer, November 11, 1898.

  “Can bring fifty” Wilmington Messenger, November 12, 1898.

  They grabbed their Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898.

  But because of M
cDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 719. Contested Election Case, 344.

  Before they left Clawson, “The Wilmington Race Riot in 1898,” 7. Riot Commission Report, 146.

  The naval commander Report of the Commanding Officer, Public Documents, 28.

  The Naval Reserves Ibid., 29–32. Riot Commission Report, 137.

  A correspondent for Washington Evening Star, November 10, 1898.

  “Your action ordering” Report of the Commanding Officer, Public Documents, 31.

  Between them, the McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 718.

  “So they said” Minutes of the Organizational Meeting, Wilmington Light Infantry, 10. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 118-119.

  “As Captain MacRae’s” Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion, 34

  The column stopped Minutes of the Organizational Meeting, Wilmington Light Infantry, 2.

  “Boys I want” Ibid., 3.

  “several negroes lying” Rountree, “Memorandum of My Personal Recollection,” 16.

  By some accounts Riot Commission Report, 145.

  White witnesses later Edmonds, The Negro and Fusion Politics, 169. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 125.

  But another man Prather, We Have Taken a City, 125–126.

  “They never saw” Wilmington Messenger, November 11, 1898. Edmonds, The Negro and Fusion Politics, 169. Minutes of Organizational Meeting, Wilmington Light Infantry, 21.

  White housewives walked Umfleet, A Day of Blood, 125–126. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion , 42.

  “The little white” Kirk, “A Statement of Facts,” 10–12.

  At Tenth and Harry Hayden, “White Supremacy or Black Supremacy in The Wilmington Rebellion,” typewritten manuscript, 1951, North Carolina Room, New Hanover County Public Library, Wilmington, N.C.

  When she offered Minutes of Organizational Meeting Wilmington Light Infantry, 15. Hayden, The Wilmington Rebellion , 42.

  The Red Shirts June Nash, “The Cost of Violence,” Journal of Black Studies, 4, no. 2 (December 1973): 167.

  They finally set Cronly, Account of the Race Riot, 4.

  On the fourth Wilmington Messenger, May 29, 1904, reprinted from the Charlotte Observer. Prather, We Have Taken a City, 115, 131–132.

  “It was really” Clawson, “The Wilmington Race Riot.”

  As the flying McDuffie, “Politics in Wilmington,” 718.

 

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