Catalan
Page 39
stem 2: beg-
1sg. present indicative: bec
present subjunctive: begui, beguis, begui, beguem, begueu, beguin; Val./
NW bega, begues, bega, beguem, begueu, beguen
preterite: beguí, etc.
past subjunctive: begués, etc.; Val. beguera, etc.
participle: begut, beguda, etc.
cabre (or caber)
present subjunctive stem: capig-
present subjunctive: càpiga, càpigues, càpiga, capiguem, capigueu, càpiguen
(Val. present subjunctive stem: capi-
Val. present subjunctive: càpia, càpies, càpia, capiem, capieu, càpien)
otherwise regular:
infinitive: cabre (caber)
future: cabré, etc.; conditional: cabria, etc.
present indicative: cabo (Bal./Val. cap), caps, cap, cabem, cabeu, caben
imperfect: cabia, etc.
gerund: cabent
preterite: cabí, etc.
past subjunctive: cabés, etc.; Val. cabera, etc.
participle: cabut, cabuda, etc.
caldre (or caler) 3sg. and 3pl only
like valer: stem 1: cal-, stem 2: calg-
caure
Irregular imperfect: queia, queies, queia, quèiem, quèieu, queien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1pl. queim, 2pl. queis
stem 1: cai-
present indicative: 1pl. caiem, 2pl. caieu
gerund: caient
(Val. stem 1: ca-
Val. present indicative: 1pl. caem, 2pl. caeu
Val. gerund: caent)
stem 1B: cau-
infinitive: caure
future: cauré, etc.; conditional: cauria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg. caus, 3sg. cau, 3pl cauen
stem 2: caig-
1sg. present indicative: caic
present subjunctive: caigui, caiguis, caigui, caiguem, caigueu, caiguin;
Val./NW caiga, caigues, caiga, caiguem, caigueu, caiguen
preterite: caiguí, etc.
past subjunctive: caigués, etc.; Val. caiguera, etc.
participle: caigut, caiguda, etc.
cerndre
like vendre: stem 1: cern-, stem 2: cerng-
(or regular: stem cern-)
cloure
strong participle: clos, closa, etc.
otherwise like plaure: stem 1: clo-, stem 1B: clou-, stem 2: clog-
conèixer
stem 1: coneix-
infinitive: conèixer
future: coneixeré, etc.; conditional: coneixeria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg.–3pl coneixes (Bal. also coneixs), coneix, coneixem, coneixeu, coneixen
imperfect: coneixia, etc.
gerund: coneixent
stem 2: coneg-
1sg. present indicative: conec
present subjunctive: conegui, coneguis, conegui, coneguem, conegueu, coneguin; Val./NW conega, conegues, conega, coneguem, conegueu, coneguen
preterite: coneguí, etc.
past subjunctive: conegués, etc.; Val. coneguera, etc.
participle: conegut, coneguda, etc.
córrer
stem 1: corr-
infinitive: córrer
future: correré, etc.; conditional: correria, etc.
present indicative: 1sg. corro (Bal. corr; for Val., see stem 2), 2sg. Corres
(Bal. also corrs), 3sg. corre (Bal. also corr), pl correm, correu, corren
imperfect: corria, etc.
present subjunctive: corri, corris, corri, correm, correu, corrin (for Val. see stem 2) (or: stem 2B correg-: present subjunctive: 1pl. correguem, 2pl. corregueu)
gerund: corrent
stem 2: correg-
Val. 1sg. present indicative: córrec
Val. present subjunctive: córrega, córregues, córrega, correguem, corregueu, córreguen (alternative General present subjunctive forms: 1pl.. correguem, 2pl.. corregueu)
preterite: correguí, etc.
past subjunctive: corregués, etc.; Val. correguera, etc.
participle: corregut, correguda, etc.
coure
strong participle: cuit, cuita, etc. meaning ‘cook’, regular cogut, coguda, etc. meaning ‘smart’
otherwise like plaure: stem 1: co-, stem 1B: cou-, stem 2: cog-
créixer
participle: crescut, crescuda, etc. (In the most common usage of Catalonia this is the only form based on the stem cresc-.)
stem 1: creix-
infinitive: créixer
future: creixeré, etc.; conditional: creixeria, etc.
imperfect: creixia, etc.
present indicative: 2sg. 3pl. creixes (Bal. also creixs), creix, creixem, creixeu, creixen gerund: creixent
In Catalonia the rest of the verb is built on the same stem creix-(= stem 1).
1sg. present indicative: creixo
present subjunctive: creixi, creixis, creixi, creixem, creixeu, creixin (NW also creixa, creixes, creixa, creixem, creixeu, creixen)
preterite: creixi. etc.
past subjunctive: creixés, etc.
stem 2: cresc- (preferred in Bal., Val.)
1sg. present indicative: cresc
present subjunctive: Bal. cresqui, cresquis, cresqui, cresquem, cresqueu, cresquin; Val. cresca, cresques, cresca, cresquem, cresqueu, cresquen
preterite: cresqui, etc.
past subjunctive: cresqués, etc.; Val. cresquera, etc.
creure
irregular imperfect: creia, creies, creia, crèiem, crèieu, creien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1pl.. creim, 2pl.. cries
stem 1: crei-
present indicative: 1pl. creiem, 2pl.. creieu
gerund: creient
(Val. stem 1: cre-
present indicative: 1pl. creem, 2pl.. creeu
gerund: creent)
stem 1B: creu-
infinitive: creure
future: creuré, etc., conditional: creuria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg. creus, 3sg. creu, 3pl creuen
stem 2: creg-
1sg. present indicative: crec
present subjunctive: cregui, creguis, cregui, creguem, cregueu, creguin;
Val./NW crega, cregues, crega, creguem, cregueu, creguen
preterite: creguí, etc.
past subjunctive: cregués, etc.; Val. creguera, etc.
participle: cregut, creguda, etc.
defendre
strong participle: defès, defesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1: defen-, stem 2: defeng-
dependre
strong participle: depès, depesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1: depen-, stem 2: depeng-
despendre
strong participle: despès, despesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1: despen-, stem 2: despeng-
deure
like beure: stem 1: dev-, stem 1B: deu-, stem 2: deg-
dir
irregular imperative: Val. 2sg. dis (and see stem 2)
strong participle: dit, dita, etc.
infinitive: dir
future: diré, etc.; conditional: diria, etc.
irregular imperfect: deia, deies, deia, dèiem, dèieu, deien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1pl. deim, 2pl. deis
stem 1: di-
present indicative: 1 pl diem, 2pl. dieu
gerund: dient
stem 1B: diu-
present indicative: 2sg. dius, 3sg. diu, 3pl diuen
stem 2: dig-
1sg. present indicative: dic
present subjunctive: digui, diguis, digui, diguem, digueu, diguin; Val./NW diga, digues, diga, diguem, digueu, diguen
irregular imperative: 2sg. digues, 2pl. digueu (Bal. digau)
preterite: digui, etc.
past subjunctive: digués, etc.; Val. diguera, etc.
dissoldre
like absoldre
distendre
strong participle: distès, distesa, etc.
> otherwise like atendre: stem 1: disten-, stem 2: disteng-
doldre
stem 1: dol-
infinitive: doldre
future: doldré, etc.; conditional: doldria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg-3pl. dols, dol, dolem, doleu, dolen
imperfect dolia, etc.
gerund: dolent
stem 2: dolg-
1sg. present indicative: dolc
present subjunctive: dolgui, dolguis, dolgui, dolguem, dolgueu, dolguin;
Val./NW dolga, dolgues, dolga, dolguem, dolgueu, dolguen
preterite: dolgui, etc.
past subjunctive: dolgués, etc.; Val. dolguera, etc.
participle: dolgut, dolguda, etc.
dur
Val. irregular imperative: 2sg. dus
strong participle: dut, duta, etc.; Bal. duit, duita, etc.
irregular imperfect: duia, duies, duia, dúiem, dúieu, duien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1pl.. duim, 2pl.. duis
infinitive: dur
future: duré, etc.; conditional duria, etc.
stem 1: du-
present indicative: 1pl.. duem, 2pl.. dueu
gerund: duent
stem 1B: du(u)-
present indicative: 2sg. duus/dus, 3sg. duu/du, 3pl. duen
stem 2: dug-
1sg. present indicative: duc
present subjunctive: dugui, duguis, dugui, duguem, dugueu, duguin; Val./ NW duga, dugues, duga, duguem, dugueu, duguen
preterite: duguí, etc.
past subjunctive: dugués, etc.; Val. duguera, etc.
empènyer
strong participle: empès, empesa, etc.
otherwise: regular
encendre
strong participle: encès, encesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1: encen-, stem 2: enceng-
entendre
strong participle: entès, entesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre
escriure (verb of mixed conjugation, see 16.6.3)
estendre
strong participle: estès, estesa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1 : esten-, stem 2: esteng-
estrènyer
strong participle: estret, estreta, etc.
(Bal. stem 2: estreng-
1sg. present indicative: estrenc
present subjunctive: estrengui, estrenguis, estrengui, estrenguem, estrengueu, estrenguin
preterite: estrengui, etc.
past subjunctive: estrengués, etc.)
otherwise regular (stem 2 = stem 1): estreny-
fènyer
like pertànyer
either regular (stem 2 = stem 1)
or stem 1: feny-, stem 2: feng-
fer
infinitive: fer
future stem: far-: faré, faràs, etc.; conditional: faria, faries, etc.
irregular imperfect: feia, feies, feia, fèiem, fèieu, feien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1 pl feim, 2pl. feis
1sg. present indicative: faig
irregular imperative: 2sg. fés, Bal. fé
strong participle: fet, feta, etc.
strong preterite: lsg. fiu, 3sg. féu
stem 1: f- (= stem 2)
present indicative: 1 pl fem, 2pl. feu
gerund: fent
stem 1B: fa-
present indicative: 2sg. fas, 3sg. fa, 3pl. fan
stem 2 (present subjunctive not taken by stem 2C, remainder of preterite, past subjunctive): f- (= stem 1)
present subjunctive: 1pl. fem, 2pl. feu
preterite: 2sg. feres, pl., férem, féreu, feren
past subjunctive: fes, fessis (Val./NW fesses), etc.
stem 2C: fa£-
Bal. optional 1sg. present indicative: fa£
present subjunctive: sg.3pl.: faci, facis, faci, facin; Val./NW/optionally
Bal. fa^a, faces, fa^a, facen; also Bal. 1pl. facem, 2pl. faceu
fondre
strong participle: fos, fosa, etc.
otherwise like atendre: stem 1:fon(3sg. present indicative: fon), stem 2:
fong-
haure (or haver; Val. and NW variant of heure)
stem 1: hav-
infinitive: haver (also stem IB haure, see below)
present indicative: 1 pl havem, 2pl. haveu
imperfect: havia, etc.
gerund: havent
stem 1B: hau
infinitive: haure
future: hauré, etc.; conditional: hauria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg. haus, 3sg. hau, 3pl. hauen
stem 2: hag-
1sg. present indicative: hac
present subjunctive: hagui, haguis, hagui, haguem, hagueu, haguin; Val.
haga, hagues, haga, haguem, hagueu, haguen
preterite: hagui, etc.
past subjunctive: hagués, etc.; Val. haguera, etc.
participle: hagut, haguda, etc.
haver (auxiliary) see 16.15.12
heure (or haver; Val. and NW use the variant haure q.v.)
future stem: haur-, future: hauré, etc.; conditional: hauria, etc.
stem 1: hav-
infinitive: haver (also stem IB heure, see below)
present indicative: 1 pl. havem, 2pl.. haveu
imperfect: havia, etc.
gerund: havent
stem IB: heu-
infinitive: heure
present indicative: 2sg. heus, 3sg. heu, 3pl. heuen
stem 2: hag-
present subjunctive: 1 pl. haguem, 2pl.. hagueu
preterite: haguí, etc.
past subjunctive: hagués, etc.
participle: hagut, haguda, etc.
stem 2C: heg-
1sg. present indicative: hec
present subjunctive: 1sg. hegui, 2sg. heguis, 3sg. hegui, 3pl. heguin
jaure (Val. and NW variant of jeure)
irregular imperfect: jeia, jeies, jeia, jèiem, jèieu, jeien
stem 1: jai- (Val. ja-)
present indicative: 1 pl. jaiem, 2pl.. jaieu (Val. jaem, jaeu)
gerund: jaient (Val. jaent)
stem 1B: jau-
infinitive: jaure
future: jauré, etc.; conditional: jauria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg. jaus, 3sg. jau, 3pl. jauen
stem 2: jag-
1sg. present indicative: jac
present subjunctive: jagui, jaguis, jagui, jaguem, jagueu, jaguin; Val./NW
jaga, jagues, jaga, jaguem, jagueu, jaguen
preterite: jagui, etc.
past subjunctive: jagués, etc.; Val. jaguera, etc.
participle: jagut, jaguda, etc.
jeure (Val. and NW use the variant jaure q.v.)
future stem: jaur-, future: jauré, etc.; conditional: jauria, etc.
irregular imperfect: jeia, jeies, jeia, jèiem, jèieu, jeien
Bal. irregular present indicative: 1pl. jeim, 2pl. jeis
stem 1: jai-
present indicative: 1 pl. jaiem, 2pl. jaieu
gerund: jaient
stem 1B: jeu-
infinitive: jeure
present indicative: 2sg. jeus, 3sg. jeu, 3pl. jeuen
stem 2: jag-
present subjunctive: 1pl. jaguem, 2pl. jagueu
preterite: jaguí, etc.
past subjunctive: jagués, etc.
participle: jagut, jaguda, etc.
stem 2C: jeg-
1sg. present indicative: jec
present subjunctive: 1 sg. jegui, 1sg. jeguis, 3sg. jegui, 3pl jeguin
lleure
like beure (3sg. only): stem 1: llev-, stem 1B: lleu-, stem 2: lleg-
merèixer
like créixer:
participle: merescut, merescuda, etc.; stem 1: mereix-, stem 2 (Bal. Val.): meresc-, elsewhere stem 2 = stem 1: mereix-
-metre
see admetre
moldre
strong participle: mòlt, mólta, etc.
otherwise like doldre: stem 1: mol-, stem 2: molg-
moure
<
br /> like beure: stem 1: mov-, stem 1B: mou-, stem 2: mog-
nàixer (Val. and NW variant of néixer)
stem 1: naix-
infinitive: nàixer
future: naixeré, etc.; conditional: naixeria, etc.
present indicative: 2sg.–3pl. naixes, naix, naixem, naixeu, naixen
imperfect: naixia, etc.
gerund: naixent
(NW stem 2B: naix= stem 1
NW 1sg. present indicative: naixo
NW present subjunctive: naixi, naixis, naixi, naixem, naixeu, naixin (also naixa, naixes, naixa, naixem, naixeu, naixen)
stem 2: nasc-
Val. 1sg. present indicative: nasc
Val. present subjunctive: nasca, nasques, nasca, nasquem, nasqueu, nasquen
preterite: nasqui, etc.
past subjunctive: nasqués, etc.; Val. nasquera, etc.
participle: nascut, nascuda, etc.
néixer (Val. and NW use the variant nàixer q.v.)
participle: nascut, nascuda, etc.
future stem: naixer-, future: naixeré, etc.; conditional: naixeria, etc.
stem 1: naix-
imperfect: naixia, etc.
present indicative: 1pl. naixem, 2pl. naixeu
gerund: naixent
stem 1B: neix-
infinitive: néixer
present indicative: 2sg. neixes, 3sg. neix, 3pl. neixen
either
stem 2 (= stem 1): naix-
present subjunctive: 1pl. naixem, 2pl. naixeu
preterite: naixi, etc.
past subjunctive: naixés, etc.