The Source of All Things

by Reinhard Friedl

  13 S. Tarlaci, “The brain in love: Has neuroscience stolen the secret of love?” NeuroQuantology, vol. 10, no. 4, 2012, pp. 744–53.

  14 T. Maurice & T. P. Su, “The pharmacology of sigma-1 receptors,” Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 124, no. 2, November 2009, pp. 195–206; J. M. Beaulieu & R. R. Gainetdinov, “The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors,” Pharmacological Review, vol. 63, no. 1, March 2011, pp. 182–217; Schneiderman et al., “Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions”; M. Leonti & L. Casu, “Ethnopharmacology of love,” Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 9, July 3, 2018, p. 567; Gordan, “Autonomic and endocrine control of cardiovascular function”; McCraty, Science of the Heart.

  15 J. L. Helm et al., “Assessing cross-partner associations in physiological responses via coupled oscillator models,” Emotion, vol. 12, no. 4, August 2012, pp. 748–62.

  Danse Macabre

  1   P. Van Lommel, “Near death experience, consciousness and the brain: A new concept about the continuity of our consciousness based on recent scientific research on near death experience in survivors in cardiac arrest,” World Futures, vol. 62, pp. 134–51, 200.

  2   P. Van Lommel et al., “Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest: A prospective study in the Netherlands,” The Lancet, vol. 358, no. 9298, December 15, 2001, pp. 2039–45; Van Lommel, “Near death experience, consciousness and the brain”; P. Van Lommel, Consciousness Beyond Life: The science of the near-death experience, HarperCollins, New York, 2010.

  3   E. Alexander, Proof of Heaven: A neurosurgeon’s journey into the afterlife, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2012.

  4   Dharma University, “Wenn sich der Geist vom Körper löst” [“When the Spirit Leaves the Body”], www.dharma-university-press.org/component/k2/item/33-wenn-sich-der-geist-vom-koerper-loest.html, accessed March 16, 2020.

  5   Van Lommel et al., “Near-death experience in survivors of cardiac arrest”; Van Lommel, “Near death experience, consciousness and the brain”; Van Lommel, Consciousness Beyond Life.

  6   R. D. Truog et al., “The 50-year legacy of the Harvard report on brain death,” JAMA, vol. 320, no. 4, July 24, 2018, pp. 335–36; A. S. Iltis & M. J. Cherry, “Death revisited: Rethinking death and the dead donor rule,” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, vol. 35, no. 3, June 2010, pp. 223–41.

  7   Truog et al., “The 50-year legacy of the Harvard report on brain death.”

  8   J. M. Luce, “The uncommon case of Jahi McMath,” Chest, vol. 147, no. 4, April 2015, pp. 1144–51.

  9   N. Nayhauss, “Hirntote Mutter aus Berlin bringt Kind zur Welt und stirbt” [“Braindead mother from Berlin gives birth and dies”], Berliner Morgenpost, February 27, 2018, www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article213565437/Wie-eine-Berliner-Mutter-ihr-Kind-bekam-und-starb.html, accessed March 16, 2020.

  10 H. Stolp, “Organspende: Übertragen Organe Bewusstsein?” [“Organ donation: Do organs transmit consciousness?”], Crotana, 2016.

  11 Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation [German Organ Transplantation Foundation], www.dso.de, accessed March 16, 2018.

  12 Merker, “Consciousness without a cerebral cortex”; D. Shewmon et al., “The use of anencephalic infants as organ sources: A critique,” JAMA, vol. 261, 1989, pp. 1773–81.

  13 G. Citerio & P. G. Murphy, “Brain death: The European perspective,” Seminars in Neurology, vol. 35, no. 2, April 2015, pp. 139–44; E. F. Wijdicks, “The transatlantic divide over brain death determination and the debate,” Brain, vol. 135 (Pt 4), April 2012, pp. 1321–31.

  14 A. Riepertinger, Mein Leben mit den Toten. Ein Leichenpräparator erzählt [My Life with the Dead: Tales of an embalmer], Heyne, Munich, 2012.

  The Heart in the Eyes

  1   H. D. Park et al., “Spontaneous fluctuations in neural responses to heartbeats predict visual detection,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 4, 2014, p. 612–18.

  2   R. Ryan, I Thought about It in My Head and I Felt It in My Heart but I Made It with My Hands, Rizzoli, New York, 2018.

  3   Park et al., “Spontaneous fluctuations.”

  4   H. Fukushima, Y. Terasawa & S. Umeda, “Association between interoception and empathy: Evidence from heartbeat-evoked brain potential,” International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 79, no. 2, 2011, pp. 259–65; C. D. B. Luft & J. Bhattacharya, “Aroused with heart: Modulation of heartbeat evoked potential by arousal induction and its oscillatory correlates,” Scientific Reports, vol. 5, October 27, 2015.

  5   M. A. Gray et al., “A cortical potential reflecting cardiac function,” PNAS, vol. 104, 2007, pp. 6818–23; J. Terhaar et al., “Heartbeat evoked potentials mirror altered body perception in depressed patients,” Clinical Neurophysiology, vol. 123, 2012, pp. 1950–7.

  6   J. S. Winston & G. Rees, “Following your heart,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 4, April 2014, pp. 482–83.

  7   F. Zöllner (ed.), Michelangelo: Das Gesamtwerk—Skulptur, Malerei, Architektur, Zeichnungen [Michelangelo: The complete works—sculpture, painting, architecture, drawings], Taschen, Cologne, 2007.

  8   I. Konvalinka et al., “Synchronized arousal between performers and related spectators in a fire-walking ritual,” PNAS, vol. 108, no. 20, 2011, pp. 8514–19.

  9   R. Dunbar et al., Evolutionary Psychology: A beginner’s guide, One World Press, Oxford, 2005.

  Loving

  1   Tarlaci, “The brain in love.”

  2   R. Feldman et al., “Oxytocin pathway genes: Evolutionary ancient system impacting on human affiliation, sociality, and psychopathology,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 79, no. 3, February 1, 2016, pp. 174–84.

  3   H. Yusuf, “Talks about Lust & Desire,” 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HxDWhPpU-Q, accessed March 16, 2020.

  4   S. Brody, “The relative health benefits of different sexual activities,” Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 7, no. 4 (Pt 1), April 2010, pp. 1336–61.

  5   R. M. Costa & S. Brody, “Female sexual function and heart rate variability,” Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, vol. 40, no. 4, December 2015, pp. 377–78; B. R. Komisaruk et al., “Brain activation during vagino-cervical stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the vagus nerves,” Brain Research, vol. 1024, 2004, pp. 77–88.

  6   D. L. Rowland, “Neurobiology of sexual response in men and women,” CNS Spectrums, vol. 11, no. 8 (Suppl 9), August 2006, pp. 6–12.

  7   Uvnäs-Moberg et al., “Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation.”

  8   S. C. Walker et al., “C-tactile afferents.”

  9   Brody, “The relative health benefits of different sexual activities”; Schneiderman et al., “Love alters autonomic reactivity to emotions.”

  10 D. Udelson, “Biomechanics of male erectile function,” Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol. 4, no. 17, December 22, 2007, pp. 1031–47; Costa & Brody, “Female sexual function and heart rate variability.”

  11 Thich Nhat Hanh, Love Letter to the Earth, Parallax, Berkeley, CA, 2013.

  12 D. Rothenbacher et al., “Sexual activity patterns before myocardial infarction and risk of subsequent cardiovascular adverse events,” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 66, no. 13, September 29, 2015, pp. 1516–17.

  13 L. Lange et al., “Love death: A retrospective and prospective follow up mortality study over 45 years,” Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 14, no. 10, October 2017, pp. 1226–31.

  14 S. M. I. Uddin et al., “Erectile dysfunction as an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis,” Circulation, June 11, 2018.

  15 E. Maseroli et al., “Cardiometabolic risk and female sexuality—Part I. Risk factors and potential pathophysiological underpinnings for female vasculogenic sexual dysfunction syndromes,�
�� Sexual Medicine Review, vol. 6, no. 4, October 2018, pp. 508–24.

  16 N. Jovancevic et al., “Medium chain fatty acids modulate myocardial function via a cardiac odorant receptor,” Basic Research in Cardiology, vol. 112, no. 2, March 2017, p. 13.

  17 J. Weiler, “Duftrezeptor im menschlichen Herzen. Unser Herz kann riechen—aber warum?” [“Fragrance receptor in the human heart: Our heart can smell, but why?”], www.laborpraxis.vogel.de/unser-herz-kann-riechen-aber-warum-a-580193, accessed March 16, 2020.

  18 Leonti & Casu, Ethnopharmacology of Love.

  The Lonely Heart

  1   Taggart et al., “Significance of neuro-cardiac control mechanisms.”

  2   A. N. Ganesan et al., “Long-term outcomes of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 2, no. 2, 2013, e004549.

  3   Taggart et al., “Heart-brain interactions in cardiac arrhythmia”; Taggart et al., “Significance of neuro-cardiac control mechanisms.”

  4   Garg et al., “Depressive symptoms and risk of incident atrial fibrillation”; American Heart Association News, “Depression could increase risk of serious heart rhythm condition,” https://newsarchive.heart.org/depression-increase-risk-afib-serious-heart-rhythm-condition, accessed March 16, 2020.

  5   S. Marinkovic et al., “Nature, life and mind: An essay on the essence,” Folia Morphol (Warsz), vol. 74, no. 3, 2015, pp. 273–82; Zamzuri, “Searching for the origin through central nervous system.”

  6   D. Paterson & D. Noble, Video Interviews. Cardiology 1: From early heart research to 21st century challenges. Cardiology 2: The interdisciplinary nature of cardiology. Cardiology 3: Reflections on heart and voices from Oxford 2012, www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/research/paterson-group/media/video-interviews, accessed March 16, 2018.

  The Big Picture

  1   S. Hawking & L. Mlodinow, The Grand Design, Bantam Books, New York, 2010.

  2   H. P. Dürr & H. Fuß (interviewer), “Am Anfang war der Quantengeist” [“In the beginning was the quantum spirit”], P.M. Magazin, May 2007, http://oelberg.info/download/artikel/Quantengeist.pdf, accessed March 16, 2020.

  3   M. Bojowald, Once Before Time: A whole story of the universe, Knopf, New York, 2010.

  4   S. Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to black holes, Bantam Dell, New York, 1988.

  5   M. Kaku, The Future of the Mind: The scientific quest to understand, enhance and empower the mind, Doubleday, New York, 2014.

  6   M. C. Keith & R. Bolli, “‘String theory’ of c-kit(pos) cardiac cells: A new paradigm regarding the nature of these cells that may reconcile apparently discrepant results,” Circulation Research, vol. 116, no. 7, March 27, 2015, pp. 1216–30.

  7   H. P. Dürr, “Vom Greifbaren zum Unbegreiflichen” [“From the graspable to the unfathomable”], in J. S. de Murillo & M. Thurner (eds), Aufgang. Jahrbuch für Denken, Dichten Musik, Bd 6, Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 2009.

  Heart Consciousness

  1   S. Wiens, “Heartbeat detection and the experience of emotions,” Cognition and Emotion, vol. 14, no. 3, 2000, pp. 417–27.

  2   Y. Terasawa, “Interoceptive sensitivity predicts sensitivity to the emotions of others,” Cognition and Emotion, vol. 28, no. 8, 2014, pp. 1435–48.

  3   R. M. Piech et al., “People with higher interoceptive sensitivity are more altruistic, but improving interoception does not increase altruism,” Scientific Reports, vol. 7, no. 1, November 15, 2017, p. 15652.

  4   D. Badoud & M. Tsakiris, “From the body’s viscera to the body’s image: Is there a link between interoception and body image concerns?” Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review, vol. 77, June 2017, pp. 237–46.

  5   S. N. Garfinkel et al., “Fear from the heart: Sensitivity to fear stimuli depends on individual heartbeats,” Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 34, no. 19, May 7, 2014, pp. 6573–82.

  6   A. Damasio & G. B. Carvalho, “The nature of feelings: Evolutionary and neurobiological origins,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 14, no. 2, February 2013, pp. 143–52.

  7   E. E. Benarroch, “HCN channels: Function and clinical implications,” Neurology, vol. 80, no. 3, 2013, pp. 304–10.

  8   K. Shivkumar et al., “Clinical neurocardiology.”

  9   McCraty, “New frontiers in heart rate variability and social coherence research”; I. Timofejeva et al., “Identification of a group’s physiological synchronization with earth’s magnetic field,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 14, no. 9, 2017, pp. 2–22; L. Brizhik et al., “The role of electromagnetic potentials in the evolutionary dynamics of ecosystems,” Ecological Modeling, vol. 220, no. 16, 2009, pp. 1865–69.

  10 A. Alabdulgader et al., “Long term study of heart rate variability responses to changes in the solar and geomagnetic environment,” Science Reports, vol. 8, no. 1, February 8, 2018, p. 2663.

  11 R. A. Pollack et al., “Impact of bystander automated external defibrillator use on survival and functional outcomes in shockable observed public cardiac arrests,” Circulation, 2018.

  12 See: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/popular-physicsprize2015.pdf, and a more scientific version: www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/advanced-physicsprize2015.pdf, accessed October 23, 2020.

  13 S. Hameroff & R. Penrose, “Consciousness in the universe: A review of the ‘Orch OR’ theory,” Physics of Life Reviews, vol. 11, no. 1, 2014, pp. 39–78; S. Hameroff, “Quantum walks in brain microtubules: A biomolecular basis for quantum cognition?” Topics in Cognitive Science, vol. 6, no. 1, 2014, pp. 91–97.

  14 H. Dambeck, “Physik-Nobelpreis 2015. Jäger der Geisterteilchen” [“Nobel Prize in Physics, 2015: Ghost particle hunter”], www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/physik-nobelpreis-2015-die-neutrino-jaeger-a-1056476.html, accessed March 16, 2020.

  Heart Encounter

  1   S. R. Steinhubl et al., “Cardiovascular and nervous system changes during meditation,” Frontiers of Human Neuroscience, vol. 9, March 18, 2015, p. 145; G. N. Levine et al., “Meditation and cardiovascular risk reduction: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association,” Journal of the American Heart Association, vol. 6, no. 10, September 28, 2017, p. ii.

  2   WHO Depression, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression, accessed March 16, 2020.

  3   F. Werfel (trans. Geoffrey Dunlop), The Forty Days of Musa Dagh, The Modern Library, New York, 1934.

  4   M. Lisson, “Einst Herzchirurg, jetzt Busfahrer” [“Formerly heart surgeon, bus driver today”], ÄrzteZeitung, November 1, 2012, www.aerztezeitung.de/panorama/article/825594/lebenswandel-einst-herzchirurg-jetztbusfahrer.html, accessed November 25, 2020.

  Farewell to the Artificial Heart

  1   B. Couto et al., “The man who feels two hearts: The different pathways of interoception,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, vol. 9, no. 9, September 2019, pp. 1253–60.

  2   A. J. Barsky et al., “Palpitations and cardiac awareness after heart transplantation,” Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 60, no. 5, September–October 1998, pp. 557–62.

  3   F. Tretter et al., “Memorandum Reflexive Neurowissenschaft 2014,” www.exp.unibe.ch/research/papers/Memorandum%20Reflexive%20Neurowissenschaft.pdf, accessed November 25, 2020.

  Homo cor

  1   Damasio & Carvalho, “The nature of feelings”; P. Goldstein et al., “The role of touch.”

  2   Tretter et al., “Memorandum.”

  3   Hawking & Mlodinow, The Grand Design.

  4   Hawking & Mlodinow, The Grand Design.

  5   Y. N. Harari, Homo Deus: A brief history of tomorrow, Harvill Secker, 2016.

  6   T. Esch & G. B. Stefano, “The neurobiology of pleasure, reward processes, addiction and their health implications,” Neuroendocrinology Letters, vol. 25, no. 4, August 200
4, pp. 235–51.

  7   Werfel, The Forty Days of Musa Dagh.

  INDEX

  The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

  A Brief History of Time (Stephen Hawking)

  adrenal glands

  adrenaline