Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom

by Dio Chrysostom

  [4] προελθὼν δὲ καὶ προβὰς πάνυ χαλεπῶς πρός τι ὑψηλὸν τούς τε κύνας ὁρῶ ἠπορημένους καὶ διαθέοντας, ὑφ᾽ ὧνεἴκαζον ἀποβιασθὲν τὸ ζῷον ἁλέσθαι κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ, καὶ μετ᾽ ὀλίγον ἄνδρα, κυνηγέτην ἀπὸ τῆς ὄψεως καὶ τῆς στολῆς, τὰ γένεια ὑγιῆ κομῶντα οὐ φαύλως οὐδὲ ἀγεννῶς ἐξόπισθεν, οἵους ἐπὶ Ἴλιον Ὅμηρός φησιν ἐλθεῖν Εὐβοέας, σκώπτων, ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, καὶ καταγελῶν, ὅτι τῶν ἄλλων Ἀχαιῶν καλῶς ἐχόντων οἱ δὲ ἐξ ἡμίσους

  [4] On going forward and gaining an elevated position with great difficulty, I saw the dogs baffled, running to and fro, and inferred that their quarry, being hard pressed by them, had jumped over the cliff. Then, soon after, I saw a man, a hunter, to judge by his appearance and dress; he wore a beard on his healthy face, and not simply hair at the back of his head in mean and base fashion, as Homer says the Euboeans did when they went again Troy, mocking and ridiculing them, it seems to me, because, while the other Greeks there made a good appearance, they had hair on only half the head.

  [5] ἐκόμων. καὶ ὃς ἀνηρώτα με, Ἀλλ᾽ ἦ, ὦ ξεῖνε, τῇδέ που φεύγοντα ἔλαφον κατενόησας; κἀγὼ πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἐκεῖνος, ἔφην, ἐν τῷ κλύδωνι ἤδη: καὶ ἀγαγὼν ἔδειξα. ἑλκύσας οὖν αὐτὸν ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης τό τε δέρμα ἐξέδειρε μαχαίρᾳ, κἀμοῦ ξυλλαμβάνοντος ὅσον οἷός τε ἦν, καὶ τῶν σκελῶν ἀποτεμὼν τὰ ὀπίσθια ἐκόμιζεν ἅμα τῷ δέρματι.παρεκάλει δὲ κἀμὲ συνακολουθεῖν καὶ συνεστιᾶσθαι τῶν κρεῶν: εἶναι δὲ οὐ μακρὰν τὴν οἴκησιν.

  [5] Now this man hailed me, saying, “Stranger, have you see a deer running anywhere hereabouts?” And I replied, “Yonder it is this minute, in the surf,” and I took him and showed it to him. So he dragged it out of the sea, ripped off the skin with his knife while I lent a helping hand as best I could. Then, after cutting off the hind quarters, he was about to carry them away along with the hide, when he invited me to come along and dine upon the venison with him, adding that his dwelling was not far away.

  [6] ἔπειτα ἕωθεν παρ᾽ ἡμῖν, ἔφη, κοιμηθεὶς ἥξεις ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν, ὡς τά γε νῦν οὐκ ἔστι πλόϊμα. καὶ μὴ τοῦτο, εἶπε, φοβηθῇς. βουλοίμην δ᾽ ἂν ἔγωγε καὶ μετὰ πέντε ἡμέρας λῆξαι τὸν ἄνεμον: ἀλλ᾽ οὐ ῥᾴδιον, εἶπεν,ὅταν οὕτως πιεσθῇ τὰ ἄκρα τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑπὸ τῶν νεφῶν ὥς γε νῦν κατειλημμένα ὁρᾷς. καὶ ἅμα ἠρώτα με ὁπόθεν δὴ καὶ ὅπως ἐκεῖ κατηνέχθην, καὶ εἰ μὴ διεφθάρη τὸ πλοῖον. μικρὸν ἦν παντελῶς, [p. 191] ἔφην, ἁλιέων τινῶν περαιουμένων, κἀγὼ μόνος ξυνέπλεον ὑπὸ σπουδῆς τινος. διεφθάρη δ᾽ ὅμως ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐκπεσόν.

  [6] “And then in the morning,” he continued, “after you have rested with us, you shall come back to the sea, since the present is no weather for sailing. Yet do not worry about that,” he continued, “I should be content to have the wind die down after full five days, but that is not likely when the peaks of the Euboean mountains are so capped with clouds as you see them now.” And at the same time he asked me whence I came, how I had landed there, and whether the boat had not been wrecked. “It was a very small one,” I replied, “belonging to some fishermen who were crossing over, and I, their only passenger, sailed with them on urgent business,

  [7] οὔκουν ῥᾴδιον, ἔφη, ἄλλως: ὅρα γὰρ ὡς ἄγρια καὶ σκληρὰ τῆς νήσου τὰ πρὸς τὸ πέλαγος. ταῦτ᾽, εἶπεν, ἐστὶ τὰ κοῖλα τῆς Εὐβοίας λεγόμενα, ὅπου κατενεχθεῖσα ναῦς οὐκ ἂν ἔτι σωθείη: σπανίως δὲ σῴζονται καὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τινές, εἰ μὴ ἄρα, ὥσπερ ὑμεῖς, ἐλαφροὶ παντελῶς πλέοντες. ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι καὶ μηδὲν δείσῃς. νῦν μὲν ἐκ τῆς κακοπαθείας ἀνακτήσῃ σαυτόν: εἰς αὔριον δέ, ὅ τι ἂν ᾖ δυνατόν, ἐπιμελησόμεθα ὅπως σωθῇς, ἐπειδή σε ἔγνωμεν ἅπαξ.

  [7] but all the same it ran aground and was wrecked.” “Well, it could not easily have been otherwise,” he replied; “for see, how wild and rugged the part of the island is that faces the sea. These are what they call the Hollows of Euboea, where a ship is doomed if it is driven ashore, and rarely are any of those aboard saved either, unless, of course, like you they sail in a very light craft. But come and have no fear. To-day you shall rest after your trying experience, but to-morrow we shall do our best to get you out safely, now that we have come to know you.

  [8] δοκεῖς δέ μοι τῶν ἀστικῶν εἶναί τις, οὐ ναύτης οὐδ᾽ ἐργάτης, ἀλλὰ πολλήν τινα ἀσθένειαν τοῦ σώματος ἀσθενεῖν ἔοικας ἀπὸ τῆς ἰσχνότητος. ἐγὼ δὲ ἄσμενος ἠκολούθουν: οὐ γὰρ ἐπιβουλευθῆναί ποτε ἔδεισα, οὐδὲν ἔχων ἢ φαῦλον ἱμάτιον.

  [8] You look to me like a man from the city, not a sailor or worker on the land, nay, you seem to be suffering from some grievous infirmity of body, to judge by your leanness.”

  I followed him gladly without fear of any treachery, since I had nothing but a shabby cloak.

  [9] καὶ πολλάκις μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐπειράθην ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις καιροῖς, ἅτε ἐν ἄλῃ συνεχεῖ, ἀτὰρ οὖν δὴ καὶ τότε ὡς ἔστι πενία χρῆμα τῷ ὄντι ἱερὸν καὶ ἄσυλον, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἀδικεῖ, πολύ γε ἧττον ἢ τοὺς τὰ κηρύκεια ἔχοντας:

  [9] Now I had often found in other situations like this — for I was continually roaming about — and I certainly did in this one, that poverty is in reality a sacred and inviolable thing and no one wrongs you; yes, much less than they wrong those who carry the herald’s wand. And so I followed without misgiving on this occasion.

  [10] ὡς δὴ καὶ τότε θαρρῶν εἱπόμην. ἦν δὲ σχεδόν τι περὶ τετταράκοντα στάδια πρὸς τὸ χωρίον. ὡς οὖν ἐβαδίζομεν, διηγεῖτό μοι κατὰ τὴν ὁδὸν τὰ αὑτοῦ πράγματα καὶ τὸν βίον ὃν ἔζη μετὰ γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ καὶ παίδων. ἡμεῖς γάρ, ἔφη, δύο ἐσμέν, ὦ ξένε, τὸν αὐτὸν οἰκοῦντες τόπον. ἔχομεν δὲ γυναῖκας ἀλλήλων ἀδελφὰς καὶ παῖδας ἐξ αὐτῶν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας.

  [10] And it was about five miles to his place.

  As we proceeded on our way he told me of his circumstances and how he lived with his wife and children. “There are two of us, stranger,” he said, “who live in the same place. Each is married to a sister of the other, and we have children by them, sons and daughters.

  [11] ζῶμεν δὲ ἀπὸ θήρας ὡς τὸ πολύ, μικρόν τι τῆς γῆς ἐπεργαζόμενοι. τὸ γὰρ χωρίον οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμέτερον, οὔτε πατρῷον οὔτε ἡμεῖς ἐκτησάμεθα, ἀλλὰ ἦσαν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἐλεύθεροι μέν, πένητες δὲ οὐχ ἧττον ἡμῶν, �
�ισθοῦ βουκόλοι, βοῦς νέμοντες ἀνδρὸς μακαρίου τῶν ἐνθένδε τινὸς ἐκ τῆς νήσου, πολλὰς μὲν ἀγέλας καὶ ἵππων καὶ βοῶν κεκτημένου, πολλὰς δὲ ποίμνας, πολλοὺς δὲ καὶ καλοὺς ἀγρούς, πολλὰ δὲ ἄλλα χρήματα, ξύμπαντα δὲ ταῦτα τὰ ὄρη.

  [11] We live by the chase for the most part and work but a small bit of land. You see, the place does not belong to us: we did not inherit it or get it by our own efforts. Our fathers, though free, were just as poor as we are — hired herdsmen tending the cattle of a wealthy man, one of the residents of the island here, a man who owned many droves of horses and cattle, many flocks, many good fields too and many other possessions together with all these hills.

  [12] οὗ δὴ ἀποθανόντος καὶ τῆς οὐσίας δημευθείσης: φασὶ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν ἀπολέσθαι διὰ τὰ χρήματα ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως: τὴν μὲν ἀγέλην εὐθὺς ἀπήλασαν, ὥστε κατακόψαι, πρὸς δὲ τῇ [p. 192] ἀγέλῃ καὶ τὰ ἡμέτερα ἄττα βοίδια, καὶ τὸν μισθὸν οὐδεὶς ἀποδέδωκε.

  [12] Now when he died and his property was confiscated — they say he was put to death by the emperor for his wealth — they at once drove off his stock to be butchered, and in addition to his stock our own few cattle, and, as for our wages, no one has ever paid them.

  [13] τότε μὲν δὴ ἐξ ἀνάγκης αὐτοῦ κατεμείναμεν, οὗπερ ἐτύχομεν τὰς βοῦς ἔχοντες καί τινας σκηνὰς πεποιημένοι καὶ αὐλὴν διὰ ξύλων οὐ μεγάλην οὐδὲ ἰσχυράν, μόσχων ἕνεκεν, ὡς ἂν οἶμαι πρὸς αὐτό που τὸ θέρος. τοῦ μὲν γὰρ χειμῶνος ἐν τοῖς πεδίοισἐνέμομεν, νομὴν ἱκανὴν ἔχοντες καὶ πολὺν χιλὸν ἀποκείμενον: τοῦ δὲ θέρους ἀπηλαύνομεν εἰς τὰ ὄρη. μάλιστα δ᾽ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ

  [13] At that time, then, we stayed of necessity at the place where he happened to have had our cattle and had built certain huts and an enclosure of palings for the calves, not very large or strong — just what would do for the summer, I suppose; for in the winter we grazed our cattle in the flat lands, where we had plenty of pasturage and a good deal of hay put up; but in the summer we would drive them into the hills.

  [14] σταθμὸν ἐποιοῦντο: τό τε γὰρ χωρίον ἀπόρρυτον ἑκατέρωθεν, φάραγξ βαθεῖα καὶ σύσκιος, καὶ διὰ μέσου ποταμὸς οὐ τραχύς, ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ῥᾷστος ἐμβῆναι καὶ βουσὶ καὶ μόσχοις, τὸ δὲ ὕδωρ πολὺκαὶ καθαρόν, ἅτε τῆς πηγῆς ἐγγὺς ἀναδιδούσης, καὶ πνεῦμα τοῦ θέρους ἀεὶ διαπνέον διὰ τῆς φάραγγος: οἵ τε περικείμενοι δρυμοὶ μαλακοὶ καὶ κατάρρυτοι, ἥκιστα μὲν οἶστρον τρέφοντες, ἥκιστα δὲ ἄλλην τινὰ βλάβην βουσί.

  [14] It was in this place especially that our fathers made their steadings; for the place sloped in from both sides, forming a ravine, deep and shaded; through the centre flowed a quiet stream in which the cows and calves could wade with perfect ease; the water was abundant and pure, bubbling up from a spring near by; and in the summer a breeze always blew through the ravine. Then the glades round about were soft and moist, breeding never a gadfly or any other cattle pest.

  [15] πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ πάγκαλοι λειμῶνες ὑπὸ ὑψηλοῖς τε καὶ ἀραιοῖς δένδρεσιν ἀνειμένοι, καὶ πάντα μεστὰβοτάνης εὐθαλοῦς δι᾽ ὅλου τοῦ θέρους, ὥστε μὴ πολὺν πλανᾶσθαι τόπον. ὧν δὴ ἕνεκα συνήθως ἐκεῖ καθίστασαν τὴν ἀγέλην: καὶ τότε ἔμειναν ἐν ταῖς σκηναῖς, μέχρι ἂν εὕρωσι μισθόν τινα ἢ ἔργον, καὶ διετράφησαν ἀπὸ χωρίου μικροῦ παντελῶς, ὃ ἔτυχον εἰργασμένοι πλησίον τοῦ σταθμοῦ. τοῦτό τε ἐπήρκεσεν αὐτοῖς ἱκανῶς,ἅτε κόπρου πολλῆς ἐνούσης.

  [15] Many very beautiful meadows stretched beneath tall sparse trees, and the whole district abounded in luxuriant vegetation throughout the entire summer, so that the cattle did not range very far. For these reasons they regularly established the herd there.

  “Now our fathers remained in the huts at that time, hoping to hire out or find some work, and they lived on the produce of a very small piece of land which they happened to have under cultivation near the cattle-yard.

  [16] καὶ σχολὴν ἄγοντες ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν πρὸς θήραν ἐτράπησαν, τὸ μὲν αὐτοί, τὸ δὲ καὶ μετὰ κυνῶν. δύο γὰρ τῶν ἑπομένων ταῖς βουσίν, ὡς δὴ μακρὰν ἦσαν οὐχ ὁρῶντες τοὺς νομεῖς, ὑπέστρεψαν ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον καταλιπόντες τὴν ἀγέλην. οὗτοι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον συνηκολούθουν αὐτοῖς, ὥσπερ ἐπ᾽ ἄλλο τι: καὶ τοὺς μὲν λύκους ὁπότε ἴδοιεν, ἐδίωκον μέχρι τινός, συῶν δὲ ἢ ἐλάφων οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἔμελεν.

  [16] This was quite enough for them as it was well manured. And having nothing more to do with cattle they turned to hunting, sometimes going alone and at other times with dogs; for two of those which had followed the cattle, after going a long distance and not seeing the herdsmen, had left the herd and returned to the place. These at first merely followed as if out for some other purpose than hunting, and though, when he saw wolves, they would give chase for a distance, yet to boars or deer they would pay no attention whatever.

  [17] εἰ δέ ποτε ἴδοιεν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τινα ὀψὲ καὶ πρῴ, συνιστάμενοι ὑλάκτουν τε καὶ ἤμυνον, ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ πρὸς ἄνθρωπον ἐμάχοντο. γευόμενοι δὲ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ συῶν [p. 193] καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ τῶν κρεῶν πολλάκις ἐσθίοντες, ὀψὲ μεταμανθάνοντες κρέασιν ἀντὶ μάζης ἥδεσθαι, τῶν μὲν ἐμπιμπλάμενοι, εἴ ποτε ἁλοίη τι σίτου, ὁπότε δὲ μή, πεινῶντες, μᾶλλον ἤδη τῷ τοιούτῳ προσεῖχον, καὶ τὸ φαινόμενον ἐδίωκον πᾶν ὁμοίως, καὶ ὀσμῆς ἁμῃγέπῃ καὶ ἴχνους ᾐσθάνοντο, καὶ ἀπέβησαν ἀντὶ βουκόλων τοιοῦτοί τινες ὀψιμαθεῖς καὶ βραδύτεροι θηρευταί.

  [17] But whenever they sighted a bear, whether early or late, they would rally to the attack, barking and fending him off, as if they were fighting a man. And so, from tasting the blood of boars and deer and often eating their flesh, they changed their habits late in life and learned to like meat instead of barley-bread, gorging themselves with it whenever any game was caught and going hungry otherwise, till they finally gave more attention to the chase, pursued with equal zest every animal they sighted, began to pick up the scent and trails in some way or other, and thus changed from shepherd dogs into a sort of late-trained and rather slow hunting dogs.

  [18] χειμῶνος δὲ ἐπελθόντος ἔργον μὲν οὐδὲν ἦν πεφηνὸς αὐτοῖς, οὔτε εἰς ἄστυ καταβᾶσιν οὔτε εἰς κώμην τινά: φραξάμενοι δὲ τὰς σκηνὰς ἐπιμελέστερον καὶ τὴν αὐλὴν πυκνοτέραν ποιήσαντες, οὕτως διεγένοντο, καὶ τὸ χωρίον ἐ
κεῖνο πᾶν εἰργάσαντο, καὶ τῆς θήρας ἡ χειμερινὴ ῥᾴων ἐγίγνετο.

  [18] “Then when winter came on, there was no work in sight for the men whether they came down to town or to a village. So after making their huts tighter and the yard fence closer, they managed to get along and worked the whole of that plot, and the winter hunting proved easier.

  [19] τὰ γὰρ ἴχνη φανερώτερα, ὡς ἂν ἐν ὑγρῷ τῷ ἐδάφει σημαινόμενα: ἡ δὲ χιὼν καὶ πάνυ τηλαυγῆ παρέχει, ὥστε οὐδὲν δεῖ ζητοῦντα πράγματα ἔχειν, ὥσπερ ὁδοῦ φερούσης ἐπ᾽ αὐτά, καὶ τὰ θηρία μᾶλλόν τι ὑπομένει ὀκνοῦντα: ἔστι δ᾽ ἔτι καὶ λαγὼς καὶ δορκάδας ἐν ταῖς εὐναῖς καταλαμβάνειν.

  [19] The tracks were naturally clearer, because printed on the damp ground, and the snow made them visible at a great distance, so that there was no need of a troublesome search, since a high-road, as it were, led to them, and the quarry was sluggish and waited longer. It is possible, besides, to catch hares and gazelles in their lairs.

  [20] οὕτως δὴ τὸ ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου διέμειναν, οὐδὲν ἔτι προσδεηθέντες ἄλλου βίου. καὶ ἡμῖν συνέζευξαν γυναῖκας τοῖς ἀλλήλων υἱέσιν ἑκάτερος τὴν αὑτοῦ θυγατέρα. τεθνήκασι δὲ ἀμφότεροι πέρυσι σχεδόν, τὰ μὲν ἔτη πολλὰ λέγοντες ἃ βεβιώκεσαν, ἰσχυροὶ δὲ ἔτι καὶ νέοι καὶ γενναῖοι τὰ σώματα. τῶν δὲ μητέρων ἡ ἐμὴ περίεστιν.

  [20] In this way, then, our fathers lived from that time on, no longer having any desire for a different kind of life. And they married us their sons to wives, each giving his own daughter. The two old men died about a year ago, counting the many years they had lived, but being still strong and youthful and vigorous of body. Of the mothers mine is yet living.