Delphi Complete Works of Dio Chrysostom

by Dio Chrysostom

  [2] καὶ μέντοι ἐνόμιζε τότε εὐιατοτέρους εἶναι: καὶ γὰρ τὰ νοσήματα τοῦ σώματος, ὅταν ἔκδηλα ᾖ, ῥᾷον θεραπεύεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἰατρῶν ἢ μέχρι ὑποστέλλεται: τοὺς μέντοι ἀμελουμένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐν ταῖς τοιαύταις διατριβαῖς τάχιστα ἀπόλλυσθαι.

  [2] Moreover, he thought they were more easily healed here (for bodily diseases are more readily treated by the physician when they are plain to be seen than while the trouble remains hidden), but that those who are neglected when engaged in such pursuits most speedily perish. Therefore he used to attend the public gatherings.

  [3] διὰ ταῦτα παρέβαλλεν εἰς τὰς πανηγύρεις. ἔλεγε δὲ ἐπισκώπτων, ὅτι ἐπιπλήττοι τὸ τοῦ κυνός: διὰ τὴν χαλεπότητα καὶ τὸ λοιδορεῖσθαι κύνα αὐτὸν ἀπεκάλουν: τοὺς γὰρ κύνας ἕπεσθαι μὲν εἰς τὰς πανηγύρεις, μηδένα δὲ ἀδικεῖν τῶν ἐκεῖ γιγνομένων, ὑλακτεῖν δὲ καὶ μάχεσθαι τοῖς κακούργοις καὶ λῃσταῖς, καὶ ὅταν οἱ ἄνθρωποι μεθυσθέντες καθεύδωσιν, αὐτοὺς ἐγρηγορότας φυλάττειν.

  [3] And he would jestingly remark when taxed for his currish manners, “Well, dogs follow along to the festivals, but they do no wrong to any of those attending; they bark and attack rogues and thieves, and when their masters are in a drunken sleep, they stay awake and guard them.”

  [4] ὡς δὲ ἐφάνη ἐν τῇ πανηγύρει, Κορινθίων μὲν οὐδεὶς αὐτῷ προσεῖχε τὸν νοῦν, ὅτι πολλάκις αὐτὸν ἑώρων ἐν τῇ πόλει καὶ περὶ τὸ Κράνειον. οἱ γὰρ ἄνθρωποι οὓς ἂν ἀεὶ βλέπωσι καὶ οἷς νομίζουσιν εἶναι ὁπότε βούλονται προσελθεῖν, τούτων οὐ πάνυ φροντίζουσιν: οὓς δ᾽ ἂν διὰ χρόνου ἴδωσιν ἢ μηδεπώποτε ἑωρακότες, πρὸς ἐκείνους τρέπονται. ὅθεν ἥκιστα ὠφελοῦντο ὑπὸ τοῦ Διογένους Κορίνθιοι, καθάπερ ἂν εἰ νοσοῦντες ἐπιδημοῦντος ἰατροῦ μὴ προσῄεσαν ἀλλ᾽ ἐνόμιζον ἱκανὸν εἶναι καὶ τὸ ὁρᾶν αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ πόλει.

  [4] No Corinthian, however, paid any attention to him when he appeared at the gathering, because they often saw him in the city and around the Craneion. For men do not pay much attention to those whom they are constantly seeing and whom they think they can approach whenever they wish, but they turn to those whom they only see at intervals or have never seen before. So the Corinthians derived the least profit from Diogenes, precisely as if sick people would not consult a physician resident in their midst but thought the bare sight of him in the city sufficient.

  [5] τῶν δὲ ἄλλων οἱ μακρόθεν μάλιστα [p. 104] προσῄεσαν πρὸς αὐτόν, ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰωνίας τε καὶ Σικελίας καὶ Ἰταλίας ὅσοι παρῆσαν καὶ τῶν ἐκ Λιβύης τινὲς καὶ τῶν ἐκ Μασσαλίας καὶ ἀπὸ Βορυσθένους, οὗτοι δὴ πάντες ἰδεῖν βουλόμενοι μᾶλλον αὐτὸν καὶ βραχύ τι ἀκοῦσαι λέγοντος, ὡς ἔχοιεν ἀπαγγέλλειν ἑτέροις,

  [5] As regards other persons, it was those from a distance who visited him chiefly, all who came to the festival from Ionia, Sicily, and Italy, and some of those who came from Libya, Massilia, and Borysthenes, and the motive of all those was to see and hear him speak for even a short time so as to have something to tell others rather than to get improvement for themselves.

  [6] ἢ βελτίους γενέσθαι. ἐδόκει γὰρ ἱκανὸς εἶναι λοιδορῆσαι καὶ τοῖσἐρωτῶσιν ἀποκρίνασθαι πρὸς ἔπος. ὥσπερ οὖν τοῦ Ποντικοῦ μέλιτος γεύεσθαι ἐπιχειροῦσιν οἱ ἄπειροι, γευσάμενοι δὲ παραχρῆμα ἐξέπτυσαν δυσχεράναντες, ὅτι πικρόν ἐστι καὶ ἀηδές, οὕτως καὶ τοῦ Διογένους ἀποπειρᾶσθαι μὲν ἤθελον διὰ πολυπραγμοσύνην,

  [6] For he had the reputation of having a sharp tongue and being instantly ready with an answer for his interrogators. Accordingly, just as those who know nothing of the Pontic honey try a taste of it and then quickly spit it out because it is bitter and unpleasant in taste, so people in their idle curiosity wished to make trial of Diogenes, but on being put to confusion by him would turn on their heels and flee.

  [7] ἐλεγχόμενοι δὲ ἀπεστρέφοντο καὶ ἔφευγον. καὶ ἄλλων μὲν ἥδοντολοιδορουμένων, αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐφοβοῦντο καὶ ἀνεχώρουν. καὶ εἰ μὲν ἔσκωπτέν τε καὶ ἔπαιζεν, ὥσπερ εἰώθει ἐνίοτε, ὑπερφυῶς ἔχαιρον, ἀνατειναμένου δὲ καὶ σπουδάσαντος οὐχ ὑπέμενον τὴν παρρησίαν: καθάπερ οἶμαι τὰ παιδία προσπαίζοντα ἥδεται τοῖς γενναίοις κυσίν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ χαλεπήνῃ καὶ ὑλάξῃ μεῖζον, ἐξεπλάγη καὶ τῷδέει τέθνηκε. καὶ τότε ἐκεῖνος ἐποίει ταὐτά, οὐδὲν μεταστρεφόμενος οὐδὲ φροντίζων, εἴτε ἐπαινοίη τις αὐτὸν εἴτε καὶ ψέγοι τῶν παρόντων, οὐδὲ εἰ τῶν πλουσίων τε καὶ ἐνδόξων ἢ στρατηγὸς ἢ δυνάστης διαλέγοιτο προσελθὼν ἢ τῶν πάνυ φαύλων τε καὶ πενήτων:

  [7] They were amused, of course, when others were railed at, but on their own account they were afraid and so would withdraw out of his way. Again, when he jested and joked, as was his wont at times, they were pleased beyond measure; but when he warmed up and became serious, they could not stand his frankness. The situation was the same, I fancy, as when children delight to play with well-bred dogs but are terrified and scared to death when they show anger and bark more loudly.

  At these meetings also he held to the same line of conduct, not changing his ways nor caring whether anyone of his audience commended or criticized him; no, not even if it was some wealthy and prominent person such as a general or ruler who approached and conversed with him, or some very humble and poor individual.

  [8] ἀλλὰ τῶν μὲν τοιούτων ληρούντων ἐνίοτε κατεφρόνει, τοὺσδὲ σεμνοὺς εἶναι βουλομένους καὶ μέγα φρονοῦντας ἐφ᾽ αὑτοῖς διὰ πλοῦτον ἢ γένος ἢ ἄλλην τινὰ δύναμιν, τούτους μάλιστα ἐπίεζε καὶ ἐκόλαζε πάντα τρόπον. τινὲς μὲν οὖν αὐτὸν ἐθαύμαζον ὡς σοφώτατον πάντων, τισὶ δὲ μαίνεσθαι ἐδόκει, πολλοὶ δὲ κατεφρόνουν ὡς πτωχοῦ τε καὶ οὐδενὸς ἀξίου, τινὲς δ᾽ ἐλοιδόρουν, οἱ δὲπροπηλακίζειν ἐπεχείρουν, ὀστᾶ ῥιπτοῦντες πρὸ τῶν ποδῶν, ὥσπερ τοῖς κυσίν, οἱ δὲ καὶ τοῦ τρίβωνος ἥπτοντο προσιόντες,

  [8] When such people talked nonsense, he usually scorned them merely, but those that assumed airs and prided therefore on their wealth or family or some other distinction he would make the especial object of his attack and castigate thoroughly. Some admired him, therefore, as the wisest man in the world, to others he seemed crazy, many scorned him as a beggar and a poor good-for-nothing, some jeered at him,

  [9] πολλοὶ �
�ὲ οὐκ εἴων, ἀλλ᾽ ἠγανάκτουν, καθάπερ Ὅμηρός φησι τὸν Ὀδυσσέα προσπαίζειν τοὺς μνηστῆρας, κἀκεῖνον πρὸς ὀλίγας ἡμέρας ἐνεγκεῖν τὴν ἀκολασίαν αὐτῶν καὶ τὴν ὕβριν: ὁ δὲ ὅμοιος ἦν ἐν ἅπαντι:[p. 105] τῷ ὄντι γὰρ ἐῴκει βασιλεῖ καὶ δεσπότῃ, πτωχοῦ στολὴν ἔχοντι, κἄπειτα ἐν ἀνδραπόδοις τε καὶ δούλοις αὑτοῦ στρεφομένῳ τρυφῶσι καὶ ἀγνοοῦσιν ὅστις ἐστί, καὶ ῥᾳδίως φέροντι μεθύοντας ἀνθρώπους καὶ μαινομένους ὑπὸ ἀγνοίας καὶ ἀμαθίας.

  [9] others tried to insult him grossly by throwing bones at his feet as they would to dogs, yet others would approach him and pluck at his cloak, but many could not tolerate him and were indignant. It was just like the way in which Homer says the suitors made sport of Odysseus; he too endured their riotous conduct and insolence for a few days, and Diogenes was like him in every respect. For he really resembled a king and lord who in the guise of a beggar moved among the slaves and menials while they caroused in ignorance of his identity, and yet was patient with them, drunken as they were and crazed by reason of ignorance and stupidity.

  [10] ὅμως δὲ οἵ τε ἀθλοθέται τῶν Ἰσθμίων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὅσοι ἔντιμοι καὶ δυνατοὶ σφόδρα ἠποροῦντο καὶ συνεστέλλοντο, κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον ὁπότε γένοιντο, καὶ πάντες οὗτοι σιγῇ παρῄεσαν ὑποβλέποντες αὐτόν. ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ ἐστεφανώσατο τῆς πίτυος, πέμψαντες οἱ Κορίνθιοι τῶν ὑπηρετῶν τινας ἐκέλευον ἀποθέσθαι τὸν στέφανον καὶ μηδὲν παράνομον ποιεῖν.

  [10] Generally the managers of the Isthmian games and other honourable and influential men were sorely troubled and held themselves aloof whenever they came his way, and passed on, all of them, in silence and with scowling glances. But when he went so far as to put the crown of pine upon his head, the Corinthians sent some of their servants to bid him lay aside the crown and do nothing unlawful.

  [11] ὁ δὲ ἤρετο αὐτοὺς διὰ τί παράνομόν ἐστιν αὐτὸν ἐστεφανῶσθαι τῆς πίτυος, ἄλλους δὲ οὐ παράνομον. εἶπεν οὖν τις αὐτῶν, Ὅτι οὐ νενίκηκας, ὦ Διόγενες. ὁ δέ, Πολλούς γε, εἶπεν, ἀνταγωνιστὰς καὶ μεγάλους, οὐχ οἷα ταῦτά ἐστι τὰ ἀνδράποδα τὰ νῦν ἐνταῦθα παλαίοντα καὶ δισκεύοντα καὶ τρέχοντα,

  [11] He, however, asked them why it was unlawful for him to wear the crown of pine and not so for others. Whereupon one of them said, “Because you have won no victory, Diogenes.” To which he replied, “Many and mighty antagonists have I vanquished, not like these slaves who are now wrestling here, hurling the discus and running,

  [12] τῷ παντὶ δὲ χαλεπωτέρους, πενίαν καὶ φυγὴν καὶ ἀδοξίαν, ἔτι δὲ ὀργήν τε καὶ λύπην καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν καὶ φόβον καὶ τὸ πάντων ἀμαχώτατον θηρίον, ὕπουλον καὶ μαλθακόν, ἡδονήν: ᾗ οὐδεὶς οὔτε τῶν Ἑλλήνων οὔτε τῶν βαρβάρων ἀξιοῖ μάχεσθαι καὶ περιεῖναι τῇ ψυχῇ κρατήσας, ἀλλὰ πάντες ἥττηνται καὶ ἀπειρήκασι πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα τοῦτον, Πέρσαι καὶ Μῆδοι καὶ Σύροι καὶ Μακεδόνες καὶ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ Λακεδαιμόνιοι, πλὴν ἐμοῦ.

  [12] but more difficult in every way — I mean poverty, exile, and disrepute; yes, and anger, pain, desire, fear, and the most redoubtable beast of all, treacherous and cowardly, I mean pleasure, which no Greek or barbarian can claim he fights and conquers by the strength of his soul, but all alike have succumbed to her and have failed in this contest — Persians, Medes, Syrians, Macedonians, Athenians, Lacedaemonians — all, that is, save myself.

  [13] πότερον ὑμῖν ἄξιος δοκῶ τῆς πίτυος, ἢ λαβόντες αὐτὴν δώσετε τῷ πλείστων κρεῶν γέμοντι; ταῦτα οὖν ἀπαγγέλλετε τοῖς πέμψασι καὶ ὅτι αὐτοὶ παρανομοῦσιν: οὐ γὰρ νικήσαντες οὐδένα ἀγῶνα περιέρχονται στεφάνους ἔχοντες: καὶ ὅτι ἐνδοξότερα πεποίηκε τὰ Ἴσθμια κατακρατήσας αὐτὸς τὸν στέφανον, καὶ ὅτι οὐ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ἀλλὰ ταῖς αἰξὶ δηλαδὴ περιμάχητον

  [13] Is it I, then, think you, that am worthy of the pine, or will you take and bestow it upon the one who is stuffed with the most meat? Take this answer, then, to those who sent you and say that it is they who break the law; for they go about wearing crowns and yet have won in no contest; and add that I have lent a great lustre to the Isthmian games by having myself taken the crown, which ought to be a thing for goats, forsooth, to fight over, not for men.”

  [14] αὐτὸν εἶναι δεῖ. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο ἰδών τινα ἐκ τοῦ σταδίου βαδίζοντα μετὰ πολλοῦ πλήθους καὶ μηδὲ ἐπιβαίνοντα τῆς γῆς, ἀλλὰ ὑψηλὸν φερόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄχλου, τοὺς δέ τινας ἐπακολουθοῦντας καὶ βοῶντας, ἄλλους δὲ πηδῶντας ὑπὸ χαρᾶς καὶ τὰς χεῖρας αἴροντας πρὸς τὸν οὐρανόν, τοὺς δὲ ἐπιβάλλοντας αὐτῷ στεφάνους καὶ ταινίας, ὅτε ἐδυνήθη προσελθεῖν ἤρετο τίς ἐστιν ὁ [p. 106]

  [14] And on a later occasion when he saw a person leaving the race-track surrounded by a great mob and not even walking on the earth, but carried shoulder high by the throng, with some following after and shouting, others leaping for joy and lifting their hands towards heaven, and still others throwing garlands and ribbons upon him, he asked, when he was able to get near, what was the meaning of the tumult about him, and what had happened.

  [15] θόρυβος ὁ περὶ αὐτὸν καὶ τί συνέβη. ὁ δὲ ἔφη, Νικῶμεν, Διόγενες, βέλτιστε ἀνδρῶν, τὸ στάδιον. τοῦτο δὲ τί ἐστιν; εἶπεν: οὐ γὰρ δὴ φρονιμώτερος γέγονας οὐδὲ μικρὸν, ὅτι ἔφθασας τοὺς συντρέχοντας, οὐδὲ σωφρονέστερος νῦν ἢ πρότερον οὐδὲ δειλὸς ἧττον, οὐδ᾽ ἔλαττον ἀλγεῖς οὐδ᾽ ἐλαττόνων δεήσῃ τὸ λοιπὸν οὐδὲ ἀλυπότερον βιώσῃ.

  [15] The victor replied, “I have won the two hundred yards dash for men, Diogenes.” “And what does that amount to?” he inquired; “for you certainly have not become one whit more intelligent for having outstripped your competitors, nor more temperate than you were, nor less cowardly, nor are you less discontented, nor will your wants be less in the future or your life freer from grief and pain.”

  [16] μὰ Δία, εἶπεν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων ταχύτατός εἰμι πάντων. ἀλλ᾽ οὐ τῶν λαγῶν, ἔφη ὁ Διογένης, οὐδὲ τῶν ἐλάφων: καίτοι ταῦτα τὰ θηρία πάντων ἐστὶ τάχιστα καὶ δειλότατα, καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ τοὺς κύνας καὶ τοὺς ἀετοὺς φοβεῖται, καὶ ζῇ βίον ἄθλιον. οὐκ οἶσθα, ἔφη, ὅτι τὸ τάχος δειλίας σημεῖόν ἐστι; τοῖσγὰρ αὐτοῖς ζῴοις συμβέβηκε ταχίστοις τε εἶναι καὶ ἀνανδρ
οτάτοις.

  [16] “No, by heavens,” said he, “but I am the fastest on foot of all the Greeks.” “But not faster than rabbits,” said Diogenes, “nor deer; and yet these animals, the swiftest of all, are also the most cowardly. They are afraid of men and dogs and eagles and lead a wretched life. Do you not know,” he added, “that speed is a mark of cowardice? It is in the order of things that the swiftest animals are likewise the most timid.

  [17] ὁ γοῦν Ἡρακλῆς διὰ τὸ βραδύτερος εἶναι πολλῶν καὶ μὴ δύνασθαι κατὰ πόδας αἱρεῖν τοὺς κακούργους, διὰ τοῦτο ἐφόρει τόξα καὶ τούτοις ἐχρῆτο ἐπὶ τοὺς φεύγοντας. καὶ ὅς, Ἀλλὰ τὸν Ἀχιλλέα, ἔφη, ταχὺν ὄντα, φησὶν ὁ ποιητὴς ἀνδρειότατον εἶναι. καὶ πῶς,ἔφη, οἶσθα ὅτι ταχὺς ἦν ὁ Ἀχιλλεύς; τὸν μὲν γὰρ Ἕκτορα ἑλεῖν οὐκ ἐδύνατο κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ὅλην διώκων.

  [17] Heracles, for instance, on account of being slower than many and unable to catch evil-doers by running, used to carry a bow and arrows and to employ them against those who ran from him.” “But,” was the reply, “the poet states that Achilles, who was very swift-footed, was, nevertheless, very brave.” “And how,” exclaimed Diogenes, “do you know that Achilles was swift-footed? For he was unable to overtake Hector although he pursued him all day.