by Tom Birkett
Scragg, Donald and Carole Weinberg, eds, Literary Appropriations of the Anglo-Saxons from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, 2000)
von See, K. et al., Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda, 6 vols to date (Heidelberg, 1997–) Seward, Anna, Letters of Anna Seward, Written between the Years 1784 and 1807, 6 vols (Edinburgh, 1811)
Shippey, T. A., ‘Foreword’ in Revisiting the Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Heroic Legend, ed.
P. Acker and C. Larrington (London, 2013), pp. xiv–xvi
Sidney, Sir Philip, An Apology for Poetry (Or The Defence of Poesy), 3rd edn, ed. Geoffrey Shepherd and R. W. Maslen (Manchester, 2002)
232
Bibliography
Sievers, Eduard, ‘Zur Rhythmik des germanischen Alliterationsverses’, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 10 (1885), 451–545
Sims-Williams, Patrick, ‘The Invention of Celtic Nature Poetry’, in Celticism, ed. Terence Brown (Amsterdam, 1996), pp. 97–124
Smirnitskaya, O. A., ‘Синонимические системы в Беовульфе’, Вестник МГУ. Сер. 9.
Филология, № 5 (1980), 44–57 [‘Synonymic Systems in Beowulf’, Vestnik MGU. Ser. 9, Philologia 5 (1980), 44–57]
—— ‘Поэтическое искусство англосаксов’, In: Древнеанглийская поэзия, Издание
подготовили О. А.Смирницкая, В. Г. Тихомиров (Москва, 1982), p. 193 [‘Anglo-Saxon
Poetic Art’, in Old English Poetry, ed. and trans. O. A. Smirnitskaya and Vladimir G.
Tikhomirov (Moscow, 1982), p. 193]
—— ‘Метрические единицы аллитерационного стиха (к проблеме языка германской
эпической поэзии)’, Художественный язык средневековья (Москва, 1982), pp. 266–71
[‘Metrical Units of Alliterative Verse (On the Problem of the Language of Germanic Epic Verse)’, in Poetic Language of the Middle Ages (Moscow, 1982), pp. 266–71]
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, ‘The Politics of Translation’, in The Translation Studies Reader, ed. Venuti, pp. 369–88
Stafford, Fiona, ‘Ossian, Primitivism, Celticism’, in The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English, vol. 3: 1660–1790, ed. Stuart Gillespie and David Hopkins (Oxford, 2005), pp. 38–51
Stallings, A. E., ‘On Translating Old English Poetry: The Riming Poem’, in The Word Exchange,
ed. Delanty and Matto, p. 540
Stern, L. C., ‘Le manuscrit irlandais de Leide’, Revue Celtique, 13 (1892), 1–31
St-Pierre, Paul, ‘Translation as a Discourse of History’, Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction 6:1 (1993), 61–82
Sweet, Henry, Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Reader in Prose and Verse, 15th edn rev. Dorothy Whitelock (Oxford, 1967)
—— ‘Gul karsljóð og Hrafnagaldur – framlag til sögu fornyrðislags’, Gripla 21 (2010), 299–334
Thorvaldsen, B. Ø., ‘The Dating of Eddic Poetry’, in A Handbook to Eddic Poetry: Myths and Legends of Early Scandinavia, ed. C. Larrington, J. Quinn and B. Schorn (Cambridge, 2016)
Tolkien, J. R. R., ‘Prefatory Remarks on Prose Translation of “Beowulf”’, in Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment, trans. John R. Clark Hal , rev. and intro. C. L. Wrenn (London, rev.
edn 1950, repr. 1967), pp. ix–xliii
Toner, Gregory, ‘“Messe ocus Pangur Bán”: Structure and Cosmology’, Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 57 (2009), 1–22
Toswel , M. J., Today’s Medieval University (Kalamazoo, MI, 2017)
—— Borges the Unacknowledged Medievalist: Old English and Old Norse in His Life and Work (New York, 2014)
Toury, Gideon, ‘The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation’, in The Translation Studies Reader, ed. Venuti, pp. 198–211
—— Descriptive Translations Studies and Beyond (Amsterdam, 1995)
Treharne, Elaine, ‘Reading from the Margins: The Uses of Old English Homiletic Manuscripts in the Post-Conquest Period’, in Beatus Vir: Studies in Early English and Norse Manuscripts in Memory of Phil ip Pulsiano, ed. A. N. Doane and K. Wolf (Tempe, AZ, 2006), pp. 329–58
—— Living through Conquest: The Politics of Early English 1020–1220 (Oxford, 2012) Tucker, Susie I., ‘Scandinavica for the Eighteenth-Century Common Reader’, Saga-Book 16
(1962–65), 233–47
Turville-Petre, E. O. G., Myth and Religion of the North (London, 1964)
Tymoczko, Maria, ‘A Poetry of Masks: The Poet’s Persona in Early Celtic Poetry’, in A Celtic
Bibliography
233
Florilegium: Studies in Memory of Brendan O Hehir, ed. Kathryn A. Klar et al. (Lawrence, MA, 1996), pp. 187–209
—— Translation in a Postcolonial Context: Early Irish Literature in English Translation (Manchester, 1999)
—— ‘Wintering Out with Irish Poetry: Affiliation and Autobiography in English Translation’, The Translator 6:2 (2000), 309–17
Ua Súilleabháin, Seán, ‘ Lúcián, Don Cíochóté agus a Leithéidí: Athinsintí nó Aistriúcháin?’, in Saothar an Athar Peadar, ed. Eoghan Ó Raghal aigh (Maigh Nuad, 2015), pp. 80–96
Utley, F. L., ‘Two Seventeenth-Century Anglo-Saxon Poems’, Modern Language Quarterly 3
(1943), 243–61
van Kranenburg, M., ‘ Oenach indiu luid in rí: An Edition of the Three Known Versions of
“Today the King went to a Fair” or Finn and the Phantoms with Translation and Textual Notes’, Unpublished MA thesis, University of Utrecht, 2008
Venuti, Lawrence, ed., Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology (London, 1992)
—— The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation (London, 1995)
—— The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference (London, 1998)
—— ed., The Translation Studies Reader (London, 2000)
—— ‘Introduction: Poetry and Translation’, Translation Studies 4:2 (2011), 127–32
—— Translation Changes Everything: Theory and Practice (London, 2013)
Vésteinn Ólasson and Sverrir Tómasson, ‘The Middle Ages’, in A History of Icelandic Literature, ed. Daisy L. Neijmann (London, 2006), pp. 1–173
Watts, Richard, Language Myths and the History of English (Oxford, 2011)
Wawn, Andrew, ed., Northern Antiquity: The Post-Medieval Reception of Edda and Saga (Enfield Lock, Middlesex, 1994)
—— The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2000)
Weaver, William, ‘The Process of Translation’, in The Craft of Translation, ed. J. Biguenet and R. Schulte (London, 1989), pp. 117–24
Whaley, Diana, ‘Principles of Translation’, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythological Times to c. 1035, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1 (Turnhout, 2012), p.
xxxv
Wheelock, Abraham and William Retchford, Irenodia Cantabrigiensis (Cambridge, 1641) Williams, Jenny, Theories of Translation (New York, 2013)
Williamson, Craig, A Feast of Creatures: Anglo-Saxon Riddle-Songs (London, 1983)
—— The Complete Old English Poems (Philadelphia, PA, 2017)
Williamson, Edwin, Borges: A Life (New York, 2004)
Woodal , James, The Man in the Mirror of the Book: A Life of Jorge Luis Borges (London, 1996)
Index
Adaptation 6–7, 12
Book of Leinster see under manuscripts
Old English 26, 32–4
Borges, Jorge Luis 5, 9, 12 n.50, 182, 213
medieval Irish 95–6, 99, 109–10, 128 n.36
appreciation for Old English and Old
Old Norse 149, 185, 199–200, 203–12
Norse 60–3, 69
Ælfric: Lives of Saints 18
and Beowulf 9, 61, 63–4, 67–70, 73–4
Agal amh na Seanórach 124
La alucinación de Gylfi 62
Aislinge meic Conglinne 10, 110–11
Breve antología anglosajona 9, 62, 68–73
translation history 109–10
El Hacedor 64–8
translation issues 118–21
El Libro de los Seres Imaginarios 63–4
see also Food; Hospitality
Manual de Zoología Fantástica 63–4
Alexander, Anne 195
see also Komada, María; Morland, Harold
Alexander, Michael 49, 51
Boyle, Elizabeth 9–10, 214, 216
Anachronism 112, 120, 121
Bray, Olive 175
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 15, 51
Breatnach, Liam 93, 106, 122 n.5
Anglo-Saxon history and material
Bredehoft, Tom 18
culture 33, 41–2, 44–5, 64–5
Brennan, Marie 154
Atlakviða 180, 182 n.58
Brink, Stefan 178–9
Auden, W. H. 21, 153, 166, 171, 173–5
Brynhildr 11, 183–93, 195–8, 216
Burgess, Melvin 199, 200 n.2
Baldrs Draumar 167, 177, 179, 181 n.55, 202
Burrows, Hannah 11, 154, 160–3, 167 n.14
n.17
Butt, George 152
Barnstone, Willis 62–3, 125–7, 129–32
Barmby, Beatrice 153, 159
Caedmon’s Hymn 14 n.3, 40
The Battle of the Goths and Huns 167, 177
Campbel , Alistair 76, 81
The Battle of Maldon 19, 26, 33
Carson, Ciaran 1, 99 n.28, 100
Bede 14 n.3
Chambers, R. W. 14, 17, 81
Historia ecclesiastica 25, 40, 75, 91
Chaucer, Geoffrey 27, 76–8, 80, 110 n.5
Beowulf (Old English Poem) 2–3, 5–6,
Clarke, Austin 109
17–19, 25–6, 47 n.5, 49 n.16, 50 n.18 and Clark-Hal , John R. 81, 86
n.20, 51 n.28, 57, 81, 166, 180
Clunies Ross, Margaret 151 n.13, 155, 160
film and television versions of 2 n.6, 13
n.60, 167 n.12 and n.13
n.1
Codex Regius see under manuscripts
see also Borges, Jorge Luis; Heaney,
Colloquialism and slang 32, 43–4, 134, 170,
Seamus; Morgan, Edwin;
175
Tolkien, J. R. R.
Corder, Frederick 153
Berman, A. 125–7, 129
Cottle, Amos 173, 175, 184
Boethius: Consolation of Philosophy 18
Crawford, Jackson 1, 182 n.58
Book of Bal ymote see under manuscripts
Cronin, Michael 3, 125, 127–8
Index
235
Dante Alighieri 73, 126, 214
Fornaldarsögur 148, 150, 158, 160, 165, 167–8,
Deen, Leonard W. 187–8
200
Deor 33, 68, 72
Frankfurt Edda-Kommentar 171, 176, 178
Denham, John 149
Dialogue of Solomon and Saturn 71
Gaiman, Neil 2 n.8
Dictionaries see Translation tools and
Game of Thrones 182
resources
Gender and gendered translations 6, 21–2,
Dragons 64, 81, 168, 174, 183–4, 186, 191, 196
44, 98–9, 109 n.3, 148, 157, 162–3, 186–7,
Draycot, Jane 7, 25–6
202, 208
The Dream of the Rood 19, 23, 24 n.29,
Goldsmith, Dr 152
26, 35
Graham, W. S. 21
Dronke, Ursula 168–70
The Grave 16, 39–40, 68, 71–3
Dryden, John 22, 149, 155, 158
Greene, David 122 n.3
Dudley, Louise 72
Grímnismál 178–81, 200, 201, 204–05
Grottasöngr 167, 177
Eald to New Project 2
Gróugaldr 177
Eco, Umberto 73, 134, 213
Gunnars slagur 167–8, 177
Eddic poetry
Guðbrandur Vigfusson 153, 159, 171, 174–5
definition and canon 159–60, 160 n.60,
Guðrún Gjúkadóttir 183, 189–90, 192, 193
165–8, 177–8, 183
Guðrúnarkviða in fyrsta 190, 193
editions 167–8, 176–77, 182
Guðrúnarkviða ǫnnur 190
poetic style and metre 150, 160, 166–7,
Gwara, Scott James 114–15
170, 179, 195
translation history 1, 6 n.33, 11, 164, 166,
Hamer, Richard 50, 52 n.29, 71–2
169–75, 184–5, 195, 200 n.9
Hardy, S. R. 154
translation of personal names in 169–70,
Hardy, Thomas
179–80
and Old Norse sources 184–6, 195–8
see also Old Norse (literature and
The Return of the Native 185–98
language); individual poems
The Woodlanders 196–7
Eiríkur Magnússon 174, 185
see also Brynhildr; Sigurðr; Vǫlsunga
Elliot, T. S. 27, 209 n.28
saga
Exeter Book see under manuscripts
Hauksbók 176–7
Hávamál 177, 179, 180, 182 n.38
Fafnismál 174, 186, 188, 196
in Vikings series 205–09
Falci, Eric 100
Haynes, John 7, 26
Fallon, Padraic 109–10
Heaney, Seamus 6 n.32, 99 n.27, 108
Faulkes, Anthony 176
Beowulf translation 2, 5, 9, 75–6, 81,
Fenrir 173, 180–81
88–90, 126–7, 133, 214–15
Fiannaíocht 123–4
‘The Blackbird of Belfast Lough’ 93–4
The Fight at Finnsburg 58, 59, 68, 72, 154
‘Bone Dreams’ 51 n.28
Find and the Phantoms
‘Electric Light’ 214
Modern Irish translation 136–47
‘ Helmet’ 21
summary 122–3
The Testament of Cresseid & Seven
sources and translations 123–4
Fables 9, 76–81
translation issues 132–5
Seeing Things 7 n.34, 215
see also Stokes, Whitley
Henryson, Robert
The First Worcester Fragment 15–17
The Testament of Cresseid 9, 76–80, 90
Fjölsvinnsmál 177
Herbert, William 174, 184–5
Food, translation of 10, 111–21, 145–6
Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 148, 150, 151–4,
Ford, Patrick 110
158–9, 160, 167
236
Index
Hervararkviða 11, 148–9
Lloyd Evans, Gareth 12, 216
translations and interpretation 151–4,
Lokasenna 171, 173, 175
160–4
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 16 n.16, 72–3
Hesketh, Sarah 11, 154
Hickes, George 15, 151–7, 159
MacCarthy, Bartholomew 104
Hickey, Emily 47, 50–2
MacDiarmid, Hugh 30–2, 34
Hindley, R. 129
Macura, Vladimír 127
Hirst, Michael 200, 203, 206, 209, 212, 216
Macpherson, James 151, 155
Hol and, Jane 21–3
Magennis, Hugh 7–8, 29 n.1, 215
Hol ander, Lee M. 153, 166, 168, 174
Manuscripts
Hospitality in medieval Ireland 110–11,
Cambridge, University Library, MS.
115–16, 118
Ff.1.27 15
Hrafnagaldar Oðins 166–7
Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS B iv
Hyndluljóð 167
2 101
Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 P 12
Íslendinga saga 210
(Book of Bal ymote) 103
Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 P 16
Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone 109–10
(Leabhar Breac) 108
Jackson, Peter 170
Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 N
Jacobus, Mary 196
10 101
Jenkinson, Biddy 99
Dublin, Trinity College, MS 1339 (Book of
Jones, Chris 2, 7, 16 n.14, 24 n.30, 26 n.33,
Leinster) 123
40–1
Exeter, Cathedral Library, MS 3501
Juvenal: Satires 22
(Exeter Book) 19, 26, 39, 40, 44, 64, 217
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley
Keats, John 27
180 18
Kel y, Fergus 111, 117 n.25
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley
Kennings 21, 24, 49, 51 n.28, 63, 65, 69, 163
343 16, 72
Kenyon, John 153, 158–9
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Junius
Kershaw, N. 153
11 19
Kinsel a, Thomas 93–4, 97 n.21, 128, 132
London, British Library, Cotton MS
Kirton, Adam 11, 154, 162
Vitellius A. xv (Nowell Codex) 19
Kodama, María 9, 61–3, 68–73
London, British Library, Cotton MS
Vitellius D. xx 15
‘The Lament of the Old Woman of
Reykjavík, Stofnun Árnar Magnússonar,
Beare’ 108
GKS 2365 4to (Codex Regius) 166, 168,
The Land of Cokaygne 214
176–8, 180–1, 183–4, 201
Langland, William: Piers Plowman 214
Reykjavík, Stofnun Árnar Magnússonar,
Language and identity 7–8, 30, 35, 75–6, 91
MS AM 748 I 4to 181
Larrington, Carolyne 1, 7 n.33, 11, 12, 154,
Worcester, Cathedral Library, MS F. 174
164, 175 n.40, 182 n.56, 200 n.9, 206
(Worcester Fragment) 15–7
n.24, 214
Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare CXVII
Laxdœla saga 184
(Vercelli Book) 19, 24 n.29
Layamon: Brut 16
Mathias, Thomas James 152–3, 155–7
Leabhar Breac see under manuscripts
Matthews, David 16
Lefevere, André 130
Matyushina, Inna 8, 213–14
The Legend of the Seven Sleepers 18
Maxims I 25
Lewis, M. G. 157
McCarthy, Conor 6 n.32, 76
Leyden, John 156
McCone, Kim 122 n.3
Liuzza, Roy 5, 166 n.9
McGuckian, Medbh 100
Index
237
McTurk, Rory 8, 9, 125 n.19