Translating Early Medieval Poetry

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Translating Early Medieval Poetry Page 44

by Tom Birkett


  Scragg, Donald and Carole Weinberg, eds, Literary Appropriations of the Anglo-Saxons from the Thirteenth to the Twentieth Century (Cambridge, 2000)

  von See, K. et al., Kommentar zu den Liedern der Edda, 6 vols to date (Heidelberg, 1997–) Seward, Anna, Letters of Anna Seward, Written between the Years 1784 and 1807, 6 vols (Edinburgh, 1811)

  Shippey, T. A., ‘Foreword’ in Revisiting the Poetic Edda: Essays on Old Norse Heroic Legend, ed.

  P. Acker and C. Larrington (London, 2013), pp. xiv–xvi

  Sidney, Sir Philip, An Apology for Poetry (Or The Defence of Poesy), 3rd edn, ed. Geoffrey Shepherd and R. W. Maslen (Manchester, 2002)

  232

  Bibliography

  Sievers, Eduard, ‘Zur Rhythmik des germanischen Alliterationsverses’, Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 10 (1885), 451–545

  Sims-Williams, Patrick, ‘The Invention of Celtic Nature Poetry’, in Celticism, ed. Terence Brown (Amsterdam, 1996), pp. 97–124

  Smirnitskaya, O. A., ‘Синонимические системы в Беовульфе’, Вестник МГУ. Сер. 9.

  Филология, № 5 (1980), 44–57 [‘Synonymic Systems in Beowulf’, Vestnik MGU. Ser. 9, Philologia 5 (1980), 44–57]

  —— ‘Поэтическое искусство англосаксов’, In: Древнеанглийская поэзия, Издание

  подготовили О. А.Смирницкая, В. Г. Тихомиров (Москва, 1982), p. 193 [‘Anglo-Saxon

  Poetic Art’, in Old English Poetry, ed. and trans. O. A. Smirnitskaya and Vladimir G.

  Tikhomirov (Moscow, 1982), p. 193]

  —— ‘Метрические единицы аллитерационного стиха (к проблеме языка германской

  эпической поэзии)’, Художественный язык средневековья (Москва, 1982), pp. 266–71

  [‘Metrical Units of Alliterative Verse (On the Problem of the Language of Germanic Epic Verse)’, in Poetic Language of the Middle Ages (Moscow, 1982), pp. 266–71]

  Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, ‘The Politics of Translation’, in The Translation Studies Reader, ed. Venuti, pp. 369–88

  Stafford, Fiona, ‘Ossian, Primitivism, Celticism’, in The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English, vol. 3: 1660–1790, ed. Stuart Gillespie and David Hopkins (Oxford, 2005), pp. 38–51

  Stallings, A. E., ‘On Translating Old English Poetry: The Riming Poem’, in The Word Exchange,

  ed. Delanty and Matto, p. 540

  Stern, L. C., ‘Le manuscrit irlandais de Leide’, Revue Celtique, 13 (1892), 1–31

  St-Pierre, Paul, ‘Translation as a Discourse of History’, Traduction, Terminologie, Rédaction 6:1 (1993), 61–82

  Sweet, Henry, Sweet’s Anglo-Saxon Reader in Prose and Verse, 15th edn rev. Dorothy Whitelock (Oxford, 1967)

  —— ‘Gul karsljóð og Hrafnagaldur – framlag til sögu fornyrðislags’, Gripla 21 (2010), 299–334

  Thorvaldsen, B. Ø., ‘The Dating of Eddic Poetry’, in A Handbook to Eddic Poetry: Myths and Legends of Early Scandinavia, ed. C. Larrington, J. Quinn and B. Schorn (Cambridge, 2016)

  Tolkien, J. R. R., ‘Prefatory Remarks on Prose Translation of “Beowulf”’, in Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment, trans. John R. Clark Hal , rev. and intro. C. L. Wrenn (London, rev.

  edn 1950, repr. 1967), pp. ix–xliii

  Toner, Gregory, ‘“Messe ocus Pangur Bán”: Structure and Cosmology’, Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 57 (2009), 1–22

  Toswel , M. J., Today’s Medieval University (Kalamazoo, MI, 2017)

  —— Borges the Unacknowledged Medievalist: Old English and Old Norse in His Life and Work (New York, 2014)

  Toury, Gideon, ‘The Nature and Role of Norms in Translation’, in The Translation Studies Reader, ed. Venuti, pp. 198–211

  —— Descriptive Translations Studies and Beyond (Amsterdam, 1995)

  Treharne, Elaine, ‘Reading from the Margins: The Uses of Old English Homiletic Manuscripts in the Post-Conquest Period’, in Beatus Vir: Studies in Early English and Norse Manuscripts in Memory of Phil ip Pulsiano, ed. A. N. Doane and K. Wolf (Tempe, AZ, 2006), pp. 329–58

  —— Living through Conquest: The Politics of Early English 1020–1220 (Oxford, 2012) Tucker, Susie I., ‘Scandinavica for the Eighteenth-Century Common Reader’, Saga-Book 16

  (1962–65), 233–47

  Turville-Petre, E. O. G., Myth and Religion of the North (London, 1964)

  Tymoczko, Maria, ‘A Poetry of Masks: The Poet’s Persona in Early Celtic Poetry’, in A Celtic

  Bibliography

  233

  Florilegium: Studies in Memory of Brendan O Hehir, ed. Kathryn A. Klar et al. (Lawrence, MA, 1996), pp. 187–209

  —— Translation in a Postcolonial Context: Early Irish Literature in English Translation (Manchester, 1999)

  —— ‘Wintering Out with Irish Poetry: Affiliation and Autobiography in English Translation’, The Translator 6:2 (2000), 309–17

  Ua Súilleabháin, Seán, ‘ Lúcián, Don Cíochóté agus a Leithéidí: Athinsintí nó Aistriúcháin?’, in Saothar an Athar Peadar, ed. Eoghan Ó Raghal aigh (Maigh Nuad, 2015), pp. 80–96

  Utley, F. L., ‘Two Seventeenth-Century Anglo-Saxon Poems’, Modern Language Quarterly 3

  (1943), 243–61

  van Kranenburg, M., ‘ Oenach indiu luid in rí: An Edition of the Three Known Versions of

  “Today the King went to a Fair” or Finn and the Phantoms with Translation and Textual Notes’, Unpublished MA thesis, University of Utrecht, 2008

  Venuti, Lawrence, ed., Rethinking Translation: Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology (London, 1992)

  —— The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation (London, 1995)

  —— The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference (London, 1998)

  —— ed., The Translation Studies Reader (London, 2000)

  —— ‘Introduction: Poetry and Translation’, Translation Studies 4:2 (2011), 127–32

  —— Translation Changes Everything: Theory and Practice (London, 2013)

  Vésteinn Ólasson and Sverrir Tómasson, ‘The Middle Ages’, in A History of Icelandic Literature, ed. Daisy L. Neijmann (London, 2006), pp. 1–173

  Watts, Richard, Language Myths and the History of English (Oxford, 2011)

  Wawn, Andrew, ed., Northern Antiquity: The Post-Medieval Reception of Edda and Saga (Enfield Lock, Middlesex, 1994)

  —— The Vikings and the Victorians: Inventing the Old North in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Cambridge, 2000)

  Weaver, William, ‘The Process of Translation’, in The Craft of Translation, ed. J. Biguenet and R. Schulte (London, 1989), pp. 117–24

  Whaley, Diana, ‘Principles of Translation’, in Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythological Times to c. 1035, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1 (Turnhout, 2012), p.

  xxxv

  Wheelock, Abraham and William Retchford, Irenodia Cantabrigiensis (Cambridge, 1641) Williams, Jenny, Theories of Translation (New York, 2013)

  Williamson, Craig, A Feast of Creatures: Anglo-Saxon Riddle-Songs (London, 1983)

  —— The Complete Old English Poems (Philadelphia, PA, 2017)

  Williamson, Edwin, Borges: A Life (New York, 2004)

  Woodal , James, The Man in the Mirror of the Book: A Life of Jorge Luis Borges (London, 1996)

  Index

  Adaptation 6–7, 12

  Book of Leinster see under manuscripts

  Old English 26, 32–4

  Borges, Jorge Luis 5, 9, 12 n.50, 182, 213

  medieval Irish 95–6, 99, 109–10, 128 n.36

  appreciation for Old English and Old

  Old Norse 149, 185, 199–200, 203–12

  Norse 60–3, 69

  Ælfric: Lives of Saints 18

  and Beowulf 9, 61, 63–4, 67–70, 73–4

  Agal amh na Seanórach 124


  La alucinación de Gylfi 62

  Aislinge meic Conglinne 10, 110–11

  Breve antología anglosajona 9, 62, 68–73

  translation history 109–10

  El Hacedor 64–8

  translation issues 118–21

  El Libro de los Seres Imaginarios 63–4

  see also Food; Hospitality

  Manual de Zoología Fantástica 63–4

  Alexander, Anne 195

  see also Komada, María; Morland, Harold

  Alexander, Michael 49, 51

  Boyle, Elizabeth 9–10, 214, 216

  Anachronism 112, 120, 121

  Bray, Olive 175

  Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 15, 51

  Breatnach, Liam 93, 106, 122 n.5

  Anglo-Saxon history and material

  Bredehoft, Tom 18

  culture 33, 41–2, 44–5, 64–5

  Brennan, Marie 154

  Atlakviða 180, 182 n.58

  Brink, Stefan 178–9

  Auden, W. H. 21, 153, 166, 171, 173–5

  Brynhildr 11, 183–93, 195–8, 216

  Burgess, Melvin 199, 200 n.2

  Baldrs Draumar 167, 177, 179, 181 n.55, 202

  Burrows, Hannah 11, 154, 160–3, 167 n.14

  n.17

  Butt, George 152

  Barnstone, Willis 62–3, 125–7, 129–32

  Barmby, Beatrice 153, 159

  Caedmon’s Hymn 14 n.3, 40

  The Battle of the Goths and Huns 167, 177

  Campbel , Alistair 76, 81

  The Battle of Maldon 19, 26, 33

  Carson, Ciaran 1, 99 n.28, 100

  Bede 14 n.3

  Chambers, R. W. 14, 17, 81

  Historia ecclesiastica 25, 40, 75, 91

  Chaucer, Geoffrey 27, 76–8, 80, 110 n.5

  Beowulf (Old English Poem) 2–3, 5–6,

  Clarke, Austin 109

  17–19, 25–6, 47 n.5, 49 n.16, 50 n.18 and Clark-Hal , John R. 81, 86

  n.20, 51 n.28, 57, 81, 166, 180

  Clunies Ross, Margaret 151 n.13, 155, 160

  film and television versions of 2 n.6, 13

  n.60, 167 n.12 and n.13

  n.1

  Codex Regius see under manuscripts

  see also Borges, Jorge Luis; Heaney,

  Colloquialism and slang 32, 43–4, 134, 170,

  Seamus; Morgan, Edwin;

  175

  Tolkien, J. R. R.

  Corder, Frederick 153

  Berman, A. 125–7, 129

  Cottle, Amos 173, 175, 184

  Boethius: Consolation of Philosophy 18

  Crawford, Jackson 1, 182 n.58

  Book of Bal ymote see under manuscripts

  Cronin, Michael 3, 125, 127–8

  Index

  235

  Dante Alighieri 73, 126, 214

  Fornaldarsögur 148, 150, 158, 160, 165, 167–8,

  Deen, Leonard W. 187–8

  200

  Deor 33, 68, 72

  Frankfurt Edda-Kommentar 171, 176, 178

  Denham, John 149

  Dialogue of Solomon and Saturn 71

  Gaiman, Neil 2 n.8

  Dictionaries see Translation tools and

  Game of Thrones 182

  resources

  Gender and gendered translations 6, 21–2,

  Dragons 64, 81, 168, 174, 183–4, 186, 191, 196

  44, 98–9, 109 n.3, 148, 157, 162–3, 186–7,

  Draycot, Jane 7, 25–6

  202, 208

  The Dream of the Rood 19, 23, 24 n.29,

  Goldsmith, Dr 152

  26, 35

  Graham, W. S. 21

  Dronke, Ursula 168–70

  The Grave 16, 39–40, 68, 71–3

  Dryden, John 22, 149, 155, 158

  Greene, David 122 n.3

  Dudley, Louise 72

  Grímnismál 178–81, 200, 201, 204–05

  Grottasöngr 167, 177

  Eald to New Project 2

  Gróugaldr 177

  Eco, Umberto 73, 134, 213

  Gunnars slagur 167–8, 177

  Eddic poetry

  Guðbrandur Vigfusson 153, 159, 171, 174–5

  definition and canon 159–60, 160 n.60,

  Guðrún Gjúkadóttir 183, 189–90, 192, 193

  165–8, 177–8, 183

  Guðrúnarkviða in fyrsta 190, 193

  editions 167–8, 176–77, 182

  Guðrúnarkviða ǫnnur 190

  poetic style and metre 150, 160, 166–7,

  Gwara, Scott James 114–15

  170, 179, 195

  translation history 1, 6 n.33, 11, 164, 166,

  Hamer, Richard 50, 52 n.29, 71–2

  169–75, 184–5, 195, 200 n.9

  Hardy, S. R. 154

  translation of personal names in 169–70,

  Hardy, Thomas

  179–80

  and Old Norse sources 184–6, 195–8

  see also Old Norse (literature and

  The Return of the Native 185–98

  language); individual poems

  The Woodlanders 196–7

  Eiríkur Magnússon 174, 185

  see also Brynhildr; Sigurðr; Vǫlsunga

  Elliot, T. S. 27, 209 n.28

  saga

  Exeter Book see under manuscripts

  Hauksbók 176–7

  Hávamál 177, 179, 180, 182 n.38

  Fafnismál 174, 186, 188, 196

  in Vikings series 205–09

  Falci, Eric 100

  Haynes, John 7, 26

  Fallon, Padraic 109–10

  Heaney, Seamus 6 n.32, 99 n.27, 108

  Faulkes, Anthony 176

  Beowulf translation 2, 5, 9, 75–6, 81,

  Fenrir 173, 180–81

  88–90, 126–7, 133, 214–15

  Fiannaíocht 123–4

  ‘The Blackbird of Belfast Lough’ 93–4

  The Fight at Finnsburg 58, 59, 68, 72, 154

  ‘Bone Dreams’ 51 n.28

  Find and the Phantoms

  ‘Electric Light’ 214

  Modern Irish translation 136–47

  ‘ Helmet’ 21

  summary 122–3

  The Testament of Cresseid & Seven

  sources and translations 123–4

  Fables 9, 76–81

  translation issues 132–5

  Seeing Things 7 n.34, 215

  see also Stokes, Whitley

  Henryson, Robert

  The First Worcester Fragment 15–17

  The Testament of Cresseid 9, 76–80, 90

  Fjölsvinnsmál 177

  Herbert, William 174, 184–5

  Food, translation of 10, 111–21, 145–6

  Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 148, 150, 151–4,

  Ford, Patrick 110

  158–9, 160, 167

  236

  Index

  Hervararkviða 11, 148–9

  Lloyd Evans, Gareth 12, 216

  translations and interpretation 151–4,

  Lokasenna 171, 173, 175

  160–4

  Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 16 n.16, 72–3

  Hesketh, Sarah 11, 154

  Hickes, George 15, 151–7, 159

  MacCarthy, Bartholomew 104

  Hickey, Emily 47, 50–2

  MacDiarmid, Hugh 30–2, 34

  Hindley, R. 129

  Macura, Vladimír 127

  Hirst, Michael 200, 203, 206, 209, 212, 216

  Macpherson, James 151, 155

  Hol and, Jane 21–3

  Magennis, Hugh 7–8, 29 n.1, 215

  Hol ander, Lee M. 153, 166, 168, 174

  Manuscripts

  Hospitality in medieval Ireland 110–11,

  Cambridge, University Library, MS.

  115–16, 118

  Ff.1.27 15

  Hrafnagaldar Oðins 166–7

  Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS B iv

  Hyndluljóð 167

  2 101

  Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 P 12

  Íslendinga saga 210

 
(Book of Bal ymote) 103

  Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 P 16

  Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone 109–10

  (Leabhar Breac) 108

  Jackson, Peter 170

  Dublin, Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 N

  Jacobus, Mary 196

  10 101

  Jenkinson, Biddy 99

  Dublin, Trinity College, MS 1339 (Book of

  Jones, Chris 2, 7, 16 n.14, 24 n.30, 26 n.33,

  Leinster) 123

  40–1

  Exeter, Cathedral Library, MS 3501

  Juvenal: Satires 22

  (Exeter Book) 19, 26, 39, 40, 44, 64, 217

  Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley

  Keats, John 27

  180 18

  Kel y, Fergus 111, 117 n.25

  Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley

  Kennings 21, 24, 49, 51 n.28, 63, 65, 69, 163

  343 16, 72

  Kenyon, John 153, 158–9

  Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Junius

  Kershaw, N. 153

  11 19

  Kinsel a, Thomas 93–4, 97 n.21, 128, 132

  London, British Library, Cotton MS

  Kirton, Adam 11, 154, 162

  Vitellius A. xv (Nowell Codex) 19

  Kodama, María 9, 61–3, 68–73

  London, British Library, Cotton MS

  Vitellius D. xx 15

  ‘The Lament of the Old Woman of

  Reykjavík, Stofnun Árnar Magnússonar,

  Beare’ 108

  GKS 2365 4to (Codex Regius) 166, 168,

  The Land of Cokaygne 214

  176–8, 180–1, 183–4, 201

  Langland, William: Piers Plowman 214

  Reykjavík, Stofnun Árnar Magnússonar,

  Language and identity 7–8, 30, 35, 75–6, 91

  MS AM 748 I 4to 181

  Larrington, Carolyne 1, 7 n.33, 11, 12, 154,

  Worcester, Cathedral Library, MS F. 174

  164, 175 n.40, 182 n.56, 200 n.9, 206

  (Worcester Fragment) 15–7

  n.24, 214

  Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare CXVII

  Laxdœla saga 184

  (Vercelli Book) 19, 24 n.29

  Layamon: Brut 16

  Mathias, Thomas James 152–3, 155–7

  Leabhar Breac see under manuscripts

  Matthews, David 16

  Lefevere, André 130

  Matyushina, Inna 8, 213–14

  The Legend of the Seven Sleepers 18

  Maxims I 25

  Lewis, M. G. 157

  McCarthy, Conor 6 n.32, 76

  Leyden, John 156

  McCone, Kim 122 n.3

  Liuzza, Roy 5, 166 n.9

  McGuckian, Medbh 100

  Index

  237

  McTurk, Rory 8, 9, 125 n.19

 

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