African immigrants in , 99,
240, 272
100–101, 161, 243
guest workers in , 132, 134
Afro-Caribbean community in ,
migration from , 3–4
80, 82–83
migration policy in , 37, 126, 262
ancestry in , 59–60, 99
multiculturalism and , 70
Anglo-Saxon cultural diffusion
national identity in , 17
in, 94–95
Norway and , 240
anti-immigrant sentiment in ,
Poland and , 240
3–4, 20–21
Turkish immigrants in , 37, 70,
apprenticeship programs in , 127
134, 207, 221, 259
Asian immigrants in , 36, 86–87
Ghana, 200
asylum policy in , 161
Glaeser, Edward , 85
attitudes toward economic
Glasgow (Great Britain) , 100–101
redistribution in , 85
Global Financial Crisis (2008) , 273
Bangladeshi immigrants in ,
global language tree , 76–77, 88
101–102, 243
INDEX
299
Caribbean migrants and , 47–48,
Turkish Cypriots in , 167–168
80–81
veil-wearing policy in , 108–109
First World War and , 3–4
wages in , 112
foreign aid programs in ,
Great Depression , 27, 196
224–225
Greece, 35, 236, 240
German immigrants in , 3–4
guest workers , 70, 131–134,
guns in , 78–81
212–213, 266–267
housing market in , 116
Guinea-Bissau, 200
Islamic extremists in , 4
looting outbreak in , 81–82
Haidt, Jonathan , 6, 13–14, 175,
migration from , 92, 129
233, 255
migration policy in , 15, 20–21,
Haiti
37, 48, 51, 126, 137, 259,
brain drain and , 199–200, 208,
262, 269
218, 220, 272
Muslim immigrants and
citizenship policy in , 189
community in , 4, 82,
earthquake (2010) in , 30, 225
101–102, 108–109
outsider attitudes in , 205–206
National Health Service (NHS)
remittances to , 208
in, 62, 126, 238
happiness
national identity and , 17–18,
economic factors and , 139,
241, 243–244
171–172
political parties in , 4, 15, 21,
of indigenous populations in
102–103
host countries , 138–139
Polish immigration to , 20–21,
measurements of , 138–139,
262
172–173
population density in , 118
of migrants , 171–174
postal voting in , 102
social factors and , 139,
Premium Bonds in , 197
171–172, 234
social mobility in , 83
Hellenschmidt Jr., Karl . See
social networks in , 79–80
Collier, Charles
textile industry in , 36
Hellenschmidt, Karl , 3–4, 273
trade policies of , 36
Hirsch, Fred , 121
trust levels in , 79–80
Hirschman, Albert , 181
300 INDEX
Hoeffler, Anke , 148, 164
language and , 70, 73
Hofstede, Geert , 68
neurological foundations of , 71
Hookway, Chris , 6
role models and , 71, 198,
host countries . See also indigenous
204
populations in host countries ;
stereotypes and , 71–73
specific countries
Identity Economics (Akerlof and
economic deceleration in , 51
Kranton), 238
economic productivity in ,
Ignatieff, Michael , 17
146–147, 149, 171, 226
immigrant exceptionalism ,
education spending in , 226–227
117–123, 137
labor unions in , 37
income gap . See income
migration’s potential future
inequality
consequences for , 57–59, 76,
income inequality
113, 132
capital endowment and , 28
poor people in , 25
capital mobility and , 28–29
social models in , 151, 221
factors explaining , 27–28
housing
global aspects of , 28, 37–40, 50
migration’s impact on , 114–117,
marketization’s impact on , 84,
121, 165, 254
233
private, 116–117, 121
migration and , 38–41, 44–47,
social, 114–116, 165, 254
49–50, 166, 251–252, 267,
human trafficking , 161–162
271
“hunkering down” (Putnam) ,
technology’s impact on , 83–84
74–75, 105, 108, 139, 243
India
brain gain versus brain drain in ,
ideas
218, 220, 252
transformations from , 35–36
economic growth in , 39,
transmission of , 35–37, 221–222
201
identity. See also national identity
education investment in ,
economic productivity and ,
200–201
32–33, 192, 203
migration study from ,
empathy and , 84
173–174
formation of , 70–71
remittances to , 207
INDEX
301
indigenous populations in host
Istanbul (Turkey) , 216, 221
countries
Italy, 123
education competition and ,
119–120
Jamaica, 80, 200, 214
emigration by , 128–131
Japan, 12, 33, 132
fatalism among , 119
Johnson, Boris , 96–97
happiness of , 138–139
Johnson, Simon , 93
migration policy and , 245
migration’s impact on housing
Kahneman, Daniel , 6, 14, 78, 175
for, 114–117, 123, 165, 254
Kant, Immanuel , 260
migration’s impact on the
Kenya
happiness of , 138–139
cooperation study from , 76,
migration’s impact on wages
239–240
for, 111–113, 123, 129, 131,
ethnic identity in , 240
136, 169–170, 253–254,
remittances and , 206
258, 261
schooling in , 196–197
migration’s impact on worker
Kenyatta, Jomo , 240
training for , 126–128
Keynes, John Maynard , 30, 198
social networks among ,
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah , 188
107–108, 242
Koopmans, Ruud , 107
trust levels among , 74–75, 81,
Kranton, Rachel , 32–33, 192, 204,
105, 141
238
values of , 243–244
individualism, 231–233
Labour Party (Great Britain) , 15,
Indonesia, 200
21, 103
international trade , 23,
36, 271
“ladder of life” metric , 172–174
Iraq, 193
language
Ireland
assimilation and , 70, 98–99,
economic boom in , 130
107, 242, 264, 270 and
famine in , 94, 215
cultural distance and , 77
migration from , 92, 94, 215
identity and , 70, 73
Protestants in , 94
multiculturalism and , 107
Israel, 93, 247–249
Laos, 200
302 INDEX
Latin America . See also specific
migrants. See also diaspora
countries
communities; migration
economic growth in , 39
attitudes toward migration
migrants to the United States
policy among , 170
from, 37, 76
crime and , 122
remittances to , 206–207
cultural fusion and , 97, 99–100,
Spanish imperialism in , 94
242–243
Layard, Richard , 138
cultural separatism and , 97–98,
Leicester (Great Britain) , 36
100–102, 243–244
Lenin, Vladimir , 188
discrimination against , 105,
liberalism
122, 170, 270
critiques of , 5
economic benefits of migration
multiculturalism and , 97, 272
for, 22, 145–147, 149,
views of migration and , 13–14,
151–153, 171, 174–175,
265, 271
245, 270, 273
Liberia, 200, 209
economic competition between ,
libertarianism, 232, 246
169–170
Libya, 35, 185
education competition and ,
life expectancy, retirement ages
119–120
and, 124
family sizes among , 125
London (Great Britain)
happiness of , 171–174
migrant population in ,
honor societies and , 87
101–102, 104, 116, 121, 129
identity of , 22, 69–70, 73
Olympics (2012) in , 241
immigrant exceptionalism and ,
social networks in , 79–80
117–123, 137
terrorism in , 4
innovations from , 117–118,
137
Malawi, 200
isolation from host societies
Mali, 185–187, 247–248
and, 171–172, 174–175
Manchester (Great Britain) , 80–81
mutual regard and , 72–73
Mercier, Marion , 185–187, 192
party politics and , 104–105
Merkel, Angela , 5, 18, 70, 240
political separatism and ,
Mexico, 185
102
INDEX
303
proposed special supplemental
economic skills argument for ,
tax on , 150–153
126–128, 131
remittances from , 151,
educational motives for , 158,
155–156, 206–213, 217,
191–192, 197, 253, 260
219–220, 225–226, 252, 260
equilibria and , 40, 43, 46–50,
residential clustering of ,
89–90, 106, 109, 140–141,
100–103, 116
256, 267–268
self-improvement narratives
ethical values and , 13–16, 53,
and, 69–70
58, 150, 165, 246, 260
small businesses of , 163
family support for , 155–156,
social networks among , 106,
196
108, 163
feedback mechanisms and , 50,
trust levels among , 72–74, 87
105–106, 182
migration. See also diaspora
financial costs of , 38, 40, 92,
communities; migrants;
153–154, 166
migration policy
as foreign aid , 225–227
absorption rates and , 41–43,
fraud and , 160–161
45–46, 87–88, 90–91,
globalization and , 36, 51, 271
105–106, 109, 140–142,
guest worker model of ,
242, 258–259, 262,
131–134, 142
264–265, 268, 276n14
human trafficking and , 161–162
acceleration principle and ,
illegal forms of , 159–162,
251–252
249–250, 265–266, 268
boom-bust economic cycles
impact on economic productivity
and, 129–131, 254
from, 146–147, 149
border controls and , 161, 266
impact on government services
bribery and , 159–160
from, 107, 111, 116, 125,
demographic argument for ,
136, 141, 165, 264–265
123–125
income inequality and , 38–41,
economic effects of , 6, 22,
44–47, 49–50, 166, 251–252,
24–25, 38–39, 111–139
267, 271
economic modeling of , 43–50,
income selection and , 154–155
140–141
as investment , 153–157
304 INDEX
migration. ( continued)
culturally differentiated controls
marginal effects versus total
and, 262
effects of , 218–220
diaspora absorption phase of , 142
marriage and , 159, 272
education requirements and , 12,
nation-shopping and , 148–149
157–158, 164–165, 212–213,
opposition to racism and ,
252, 261
19–20, 22
emotive perspective on , 11–12
psychological costs of , 22,
family reunification and ,
171–172, 174–176, 245
158–159, 164–165, 212–213,
racism and , 21–22, 25–26, 105,
260
271
integration and , 264–265, 270
role models and , 198, 202, 205
legalizing illegal immigration
small countries and , 199–203
and, 265–267
social capital and , 74–75, 82,
lotteries and , 147, 165–166,
90–91
259, 261
social effects of , 6, 15, 24,
migration rates and , 50–51,
57–58, 61–70, 72–77, 79–88,
91, 142, 166, 244, 251–252,
90–109, 135–139
254–260, 268–269, 272
stock-flow model of , 49
“panic” approach to , 141,
as taboo subject , 13–14, 20, 26,
255–256, 267–270
52, 120, 255
pro-migration approach to , 136
trust levels and , 74–75, 78,
quantitative limits approach to ,
91–92, 99, 105–106, 170
139–141
wealth as a criterion for , 121
right to control immigration
xenophobia and , 25–26, 52,
and, 246–251, 270
105, 245, 251, 270–271
selectivity and , 260–263
migration policy . See also under
“ugly phase” of , 141
specific countries
wealth requirements and , 121
anti-migration approach to ,
Miguel, Edward , 67–68, 76
136–137
Mo Ibrahim Index , 193
“anxiety phase” of , 140–141
Moldova, 187
asylum and , 160, 249, 262–263
Montalvo, Jose , 77, 98, 191
businesses’ role in , 262
moral hazard , 249–250
ceilings and , 256–260, 267–268
moral values . See ethical values
INDEX
305
motivation drain , 203–206
national identity
Mozambique, 200
criticisms of , 5, 16–18, 231
Mugabe, Robert , 182, 191
economic redistribution and ,
multiculturalism
18, 235–237
critiques of , 35
migration’s impact on , 242–244
as cultural fusion , 97, 99–100,
positive aspects of , 5, 18–19,
264
25, 131, 242
cultural separatism and , 100, 106
public sector workers and , 238
impact on integration rates and ,
racism and , 241
107, 109
sense of community and , 232,
impact on language acquisition
234–242
and, 107
violence and , 19, 237, 240–241
liberalism and , 97, 272
Netherlands, 24, 118, 129, 137
as reaction to assimilation
neuroscience, 71, 234
narrative, 97
New York City (United States)
mutual regard
diplomats case study in ,
citizenship and , 115–116
67–68
cooperation and , 62–63, 67,
premier public schools in ,
83, 87
119–120
diminishing returns from , 63,
New Zealand
254
businesses’ role in migration to ,
economic redistribution and ,
262
61–62, 68, 83–84, 87, 113,
migration example featuring ,
254
44–48
migrants and , 72–73
migration from Tonga to , 147,
migration’s impact on , 135–136,
172–173, 259
254, 258
migration policy in , 128, 147,
neurological foundations of , 234
173
Smith on , 234
Niger, 163
trust and , 62, 254
Nigeria
levels of trust in , 65–66, 68
narratives, Keynes on , 30, 198
migrants from , 67–69
National Health Service (NHS,
terrorism in , 222–223
Great Britain) , 62, 126, 238
Norway, 16, 19, 240
306 INDEX
Notting Hill Carnival (Great
racism
Britain), 82–83
migration and , 21–22, 25–26,
Nunn, Nathan , 65
105, 271
Nyerere, Julius , 5, 239–240
national identity and , 241
Rajan, Raghuram , 83–84
Okonjo-Iweala, Ngozi , 191
Rand, Ayn , 232
“outsider values,” 203–206, 238
Rawlings, Nick , 6
Outtarra, Alassane , 191
Paul Collier Page 29
