The Campaigns of Napoleon
Page 142
Castaños, Spanish general, captain-general of Andalusia, 616, 617, 625, 629, 636
Castellane, Novejean, B. L. A., Lieutenant de, 605, 650
Caulaincourt, Armand A. L. de, Duke of Vicenza, French general, 369; made Master of the Horse, 369; his role in Napoleon’s Maison, 371; intimacy with Napoleon, 376; ambassador to St. Petersburg, 746; reports the Tsar’s point of view, 746; Napoleon’s reaction, 747; during campaign of 1812, 767, 790, 793, 814, 827; accompanies Napoleon back to France, 848-49; and the campaign of 1813, 867; peace missions of, 889, 898; campaign of 1814, 948, 994; sent to conference of Châtillon, 964, 966; with Napoleon before abdication, 1001; Napoleon’s suicide attempt, 1002; mentioned, 890, 1003
Caulaincourt, Baron Auguste J. G. de, French general, 805
Cervoni, J. B., French brigadier-general, 64, 83
Chabran, Count J., French general, 265; crosses the Alps, 276
Chambarlhac de Lambespin, Baron J. A. de, French general, 265
Champagny, L. A., Duke of Cadore, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, 596
Chaplitz, Russian general, 848
Charles, Austrian archduke, 46; first brush with Napoleon, 121-24; standing as a general, 666-67, 735; Napoleon’s opinion of, 667; afflicted with epilepsy, 46, 667; relations with Aulic Council, 382, 384, 676; heads “peace party” of 1805, 330; and “peace party” of 1809, 663-64; attitude to England, 330; during campaign of 1805, 384, 403, 404, 409; reform of the Austrian army, 510, 664-66; troubles with subordinate generals, 666; takes the initiative (1809), 6735 677; almost splits the French, 677, 678, 680; at the battle of Eckmühl, 690-91; abandons Ratisbon, 691; retreats into Bohemia, 692, 694, 695; reappears opposite Vienna, 696; dispositions adopted by, 698; at the battle of Aspern-Essling, 700-706; amazement at own success, 707-8; consequent inaction, 709; calls up more Austrian troops, 709; occupies the Wagram position, 711, 712; surprised by Napoleon’s second crossing to the north bank, 716; conduct during the battle of Wagram, 718, 719, 722, 724; retreats, 728; and the battle of Znaim, 730; agrees to armistice, 730; mentioned, 331, 410, 510, 693, 735
Charles, Hippolyte, Josephine’s lover, 227, 256
Charles IV, King of Spain: weak character of, 602; family troubles of, 603; and Godoy, 603, 605; frightened into an abdication, 607; renounces it and appeals for French aid, 607; Murat’s attitude toward, 607; relations with his son, Ferdinand, 602-3; lured to Bayonne, 607; easily induced to reabdicate, 608; leaves for exile in France, 608; Spanish attitude toward, 609; family portrait, 604
Chassé, Baron D. H. de, Belgian general, 1065, 1088
Chasseloup-Laubat, Count (later Marquis) F. de, French general of engineers, 70, 836
Chauvet, French commissary-general, 57
Choiseul, Due de, French statesman, 210
Clarke, H. J. G., Duke of Feltre, French emissary, general and Minister of War, 125
Clausel, Count B., French general, 1017, 1094
Clausewitz, Karl von, German soldier and military philosopher, 134, 846-47
Coignet, J. R., French sergeant, later captain, 477, 958, 979, 992, 1003
Colli, Austrian general, 38, 46, 62, 63, 64, 77
Colonna-Césari, Corsican colonel, 15, 16
Compans, Count J. D., French general, 798
Constant, Baron, Napoleon’s secretary, 370, 708, 733, 1012
Constantine, Russian grand duke, 420; commands Russian Guards at Austerlitz, 430; at battle of Heilsberg, 568, hostility to Barclay de Tolly, 1812, 788; at Smolensk, 788; at Borodino, 796, 805
Conté, the French balloonist, 227
Corbineau, Baron (later Count) J. B. J., French brigadier-general, 835, 836, 837
Corrigan, Piedmontese prince, 46, 62
Couthard, Count L. F., French colonel, 686
Craoford, British general, 43
Crissé, Turpin de, French military writer, 179
Croisier, Captain, aide-de-camp to Napoleon in Egypt, 222; death of, at Acre, 240
Cuesta, Don Gregorio de la, Spanish general, 615; defeated, 625-26
Cyrus the Great, ruler of Persia, 138, 180
Czartoryski family, Polish, 745
Dallemagne, Baron C, French general: heads advance on Peschiera, 78, 80, 83, 89; killed, 89
Dalrymple, Sir Hugh, English general: in Portugal, 619
Damascus, Pasha of, 230; defeated at battle of Mount Tabor, 239
Daru, Count P. A. N. M. B., French intendant-general, 916
Davidovitch, P., Austrian general, 97, 101
Davout, L. N., French marshal, Duke of Auerstadt, Prince of Eckmühl: biographical sketch, see Appendix; serves in Egypt, 230; made a marshal, 335, 434; character of, 489, 758; during campaign of 1805, 394, 397, 404, 405, 410, 431; makes forced march to Austerlitz, 416, 420, 421, 422; at battle of Austerlitz, 424, 428; during campaign of 1806, 462, 472, 474, 478, 479, 499; passes order to Bernadotte, 489; marches on Auerstadt, 489; in battle of Auerstadt, 490-95; Napoleon’s attitude toward, 488, 489, 495; during the campaign of 1806-1807, 513, 514, 521, 524, 530; at Eylau, 536, 538, 545, 550; during the renewed campaign, 570; misses battle of Friedland, 576; at Ratisbon, 673, 679, 680; during campaign of 1809, 671, 678, 681, 682-86, 688, 689; in battle of Eckmühl, 690, 691; subsequent moves, 694, 696, 699; called to Aspern, 702, 707, 710, 711; at Wagram, 716-17, 719, 722-23, 727, 728; pursuit of Archduke Charles, 729; occupies Swedish Pomerania, 748; preparations for campaign of 1812, 754, 758, 766; during campaign of 1812, 774, 775; misses Bagration, 776; disagreement with Jerome, 776; at battle of Smolensk, 786; quarrels with Murat, 794; at battle of Borodino, 798, 800, 801; Napoleon rejects his advice, 797; during the retreat, 828, 830, 836; blamed for deserting Ney, 831; during campaign of 1813, 869, 874, 875, 878, 897, 913, 938; besieged in Hamburg, 948; during campaign of 1815, 1017, 1022, 1094, 1095; mentioned, 416, 437, 476, 532, 669, 708, 725; picture, 434
Dejean, Count P. G. M. A., French general, 1087
Delmas, A. G., French general, 122, 931
Delort, Baron J. A. A., French general, 1080
Delzons, Baron A. J., French general, 804, 821
Denmark, Christian, King of, 950
Desaix, L. C. A., French general, 212; first service under Napoleon, 213; description of, 229; Napoleon’s opinion of, 296; during campaign in Egypt, 215, 216, 220; at battle of the Pyramids, 226; in Upper Egypt, 229-30, 342; returns to join Army of Reserve, 278; marches toward Genoa, 289; recalled, 291, 293; at battle of Marengo, 293-96; killed, 296; Napoleon’s grief, 296; mentioned, 205, 300, 301
Desgenettes, French doctor, 213, 241; defies Napoleon, 243
Desjardin, N. J., French private (58th Regt.), 599
Desolles, Marquis J. J. P. A., French general, 269, 755
Despinois, Count H. F. J., French general, 194
Dessaix, Count J. M., French general, 798
Diebitsch, H. K. F. A., Russian general, 851
Djezzar-Pasha, Governor of Acre, 230, 237, 238
Doctorov, D. S., Russian general, 431, 524, 786, 804, 820
Dolgorouki, Russian count, Tsar’s aide-de-camp, 411
Dombrowski, J. H. D., Polish general in French service, 830, 832, 840
Dommartin, E. A. C. de, French captain (later general), 21, 22, 236
Domon, Baron (later Vicomte) J. S., French cavalry general, 1076, 1084
Donzelot, French general, 1078
Doppet, F. A., French Republican general, 25, 29
Doumerc, J. P., French general and count, 840, 844, 929
Drouot, Count A., French general, 335, 886, 929, 938, 1067, 1087
Dubois-Crancé, French Republican Député-en-Mission, 19, 159
Le Due, French staff expert, 373
Dugommier, J. C, French Republican general, 25, 26
Dugua, C. F. J., French general, 123
Duhesme, Count P. G., French general, 278, 283, 288, 602, 1044, 1084
Dumas, Count Matthieu, French commissary general, 619, 639, 649, 758, 818
Dumas, T. A. D. de la P., French general, 231
Dumer
bion, P. J., French Revolutionary general, 30, 31, 35
Dundas, Sir David, British general, 42
Dupont, de I’Etang, French general and count, 397; during campaign of 1805, 397, 406; at combat of Haslach (or Al-beck), 397-99; during campaign of 1806, 453; at battle of Friedland, 578, 585; during campaign of Spain, 598, 602, 612, 615; at capitulation of Baylen, 616-17; Napoleon’s opinion of, 618; imprisoned, 618
Dupuy, F. V., French general, 230
Duroc, G. C. M., French general and Grand Marshal of the Palace, Duke of Furiously: Napoleon’s reliance upon, 369; functions of, 370, 376; during Polish campaign, 518; killed at Reichenbach, 897; Napoleon’s grief for, 897
Durutte, Baron (later Count) P. F. J., French general, 1077, 1078
Eblé, Count, J. B., French engineer general, 770, 784; at the battle of Beresina, 836, 840, 842; death of, 845
Enghien, Bourbon Duc de: death of, 309; Fouché’s opinion of, 309; Napoleon’s opinion of, 309; and the Tsar Alexander, 328; mentioned, 608
Erlon, Count J. B. de, French general, 1020, 1029, 1043, 1045, 1047, 1049, 1050, 1051-52, 1056, 1061, 1064, 1073, 1078, 1079
Espagne, L. B. J., French cavalry general, 694, 702
Essen, H. H., Russian general, 551, 781
Eugen, Prince of Württemburg, Russian general, 788, 927
Eugène (de Beauharnais), Napoleon’s stepson, Viceroy of Italy; 245; biographical sketch, see Appendix; marries Bavarian princess, 450; made Viceroy of Italy, 450, 471; defeated by Archduke Charles at Sacile, 695; during campaign of 1809, 694, 696, 709; at Wagram, 719, 723; as army commander (1812), 755; campaign of 1812, 778, 794; slowness of, 771, 775; at battle of Borodino, 798, 800, 804-5; at battle of Maloyaroslavets, 820-22; during the retreat, 820, 825, 826, 828, 848; at battle of Krasnoe, 828; at battle of the Beresina, 836, 847; succeeds Murat in command, 852; abandons Berlin, 869, 870; Napoleon’s rebuke of, 869; during campaign of 1813, 878; returns to Italy, 889; during campaign of 1814, 945, 950, 952; reports Murat’s defection, 966; mentioned, 850, 860, 946
Fabvier, French general, 990
Ferdinand, Prince Louis, of Prussia, 459; the hope of the Prussian army, 471; during campaign of 1806, 470; at battle of Saalfeld, 470-71; killed, 471
Ferdinand, Spanish prince of the Asturias, 602; character of, 603; friction with family, 602, 603, 607; attitude to Godoy, 603; used by Napoleon, 603; at Bayonne, 608; relinquishes his rights to the throne, 608, 610; popularity in Spain, 611; Napoleon’s offer to restore, 946, 950
Ferdinand, Austrian archduke, 331, 382, 383, 403, 666, 709
Fesch, Cardinal Joseph, Napoleon’s uncle, 6, 448
Fiorella, P. A., Corsican general, 196, 198
Forbin-Janson, French colonel, 1051, 1053
Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, Minister of Police, 146, 263; character of, 308; reveals plots against Napoleon, 308; plots himself, 654; attitude to the Enghien affair, 309; Napoleon’s growing distrust of, 312, 747; dismissed, 747; treachery of, 1094; heads provisional government, 1095
Fourés Pauline or “Bellitote,” 214, 231, 244
Fournier-Sarlonèse, Baron (later Count) F., French general, 649, 845
Fox, Charles-James, English premier and Foreign Minister, 447, 451
Foy, Count M. S., French general, 67, 365, 649, 1072
Francis I, King of France, 210
Francis I, Emperor of Austria, 44; character of, 416, 696; attitude toward Napoleon, 330, 510, 663, 744, 947, 980; Napoleon’s assessment of, 947, 984; and the marriage, 744, 947; relationship with Archduke Charles, 663, 666, 730; part played during the Austerlitz campaign, 416, 432; at the battle of Austerlitz, 416; seeks peace, 432, 438; during the Wagram campaign, 663, 696, 730; at Conference of Dresden, 767; deserts the French alliance, 899, 900; during campaign of 1813, 907; attempted mediation of, 980, 983; during campaign of 1814, 893, 980, 983; mentioned, 510, 617, 767; picture, 665
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, 55; influence on Napoleon’s military ideas, 139, 141, 142, 144; at battle of Prague, 179; insignia of, confiscated by French, 499; mentioned, 55, 169, 454
Frederick William III, King of Prussia, 331; character of, 453, 505, 908; Napoleon’s opinion of, 444; relationship with his queen, 331, 453; neutrality of, 331, 453; almost attacks France on Tsar’s insistence (1805), 403, 443; forced detente, 446, 447; and Hanover, 331, 447; declares war on France, 453, 466; during campaign of 1806, 458, 471, 473, 474; at battle of Auerstadt, 490, 493; flight of, 495; at Königsberg, 510; attends Conference of Tilsit, 586; humiliation of, 586; Prussia dismembered, 588-89; indemnity, 589, 624; at Conference of Dresden, 767; military restrictions, 872; joins “patriots,” 870, 872; joins France’s foes, 872; conduct during campaign of 1813, 874, 880, 899; at battle of Dresden, 908; during campaign of 1814, 947, 981; attitude to negotiation with Napoleon, 981; relations with Tsar, 403, 624, 947; mentioned, 458, 467, 767; picture, 445
Friant, Count, French general, 420, 428, 490, 494, 681, 682, 997, 1087
Frimont, Austrian general, 1015, 1094
Gallitzin, Russian prince, 524, 572
Galuzzo, Spanish general, captain-general of Estremadura, 625
Ganteaume, Count H. J. A., French admiral, 303, 601
Gardanne, G. A., French general, 283, 528, 563
Garnier, Baron P. D., French general, 77
Gassendi, French brigadier of artillery, 24, 279
Gaudin, M. M. C., French minister, 315
Gazan, French general, 406, 453
George III, King of England, 42, 44, 451, 624
George IV, Prince Regent, later King of England, 1095
Gérard, Count M. E., French general, 979, 1020, 1026, 1038, 1040, 1041, 1069
Girard, Baron J. B., French general, 882, 1041, 1043
Gneisenau, N. Graf von, Prussian general and chief of staff, 959, 991, 1039, 1057, 1058, 1068, 1090
Godoy, Manuel, Spanish Prince of Peace, 596, 598, 602, 605, 607, 609
Goethe, Johann W. von, German poet, 624
Gohier, M., member and president of the Directory, 253, 259
Gonneville, de, French colonel, 651
Gordon, English general, 1044
Gortchakov (or Gortschakoff), Prince, Russian general, 573, 579, 582, 795, 894
Gourgaud, Count G., French general and imperial aide-decamp, 905, 988
Graham, Thomas, English colonel, later general, 87, 92, 948
Gribeauval, Count, French lieutenant-general and artillery reformer, 69, 137, 138, 138fn, 143fn
Grolmann, K. von, Prussian general, 1058
Grouchy, Marquis E. de, French marshal and cavalry commander, 69; biographical sketch, see Appendix; emergence of, 69, 356; in Polish campaign, 533; at battle of Eylau, 544; at battle of Friedland, 571, 573, 579, 582; governor of Madrid, 610; cavalry command during Russian campaign, 805; at battle of Vauchamps, 974-75; role during 1815 campaign, 1020, 1022; at battle of Ligny, 1035, 1041, 1057; limitations of, 1022, 1029; tardy pursuit of Blücher, 1060, 1062, 1063; quarrel with Gérard, 1069, 1072; at battle of Wavre, 1091; recalled by Napoleon, 1076; blamed by Napoleon, 1091; mentioned, 1007, 1034, 1067, 1079, 1087, 1094; picture, 730
Gudin, de la Sablonnière, Count C. E., French general, 489, 788
Guibert, H., French military philosopher, 11, 136, 179; influence on Napoleon, 11, 30, 139, 142; writings of, 139; mentioned, 136fn, 140
Guieu, J. J., French general, 106, 108
Guindet, French quartermaster,471
Guyot, Baron (later Count) C. E., French general, 1064, 1084
Gyulai, Austrian general, 926, 928, 933
Hannibal, Carthaginian general, 276
Hardenberg, Prince K. A. von, Prussian minister, 446, 506
Hatzfeld, Austrian prince, 500
Haugwitz, Count, Prussian diplomat and minister, 443, 446, 453
Hatpoul, Count J. J. A. d’, French general, 426, 543, 630
Haxo, Baron F. N., French engineer general, 767
Hesse-Homburg, German general, 933, 934
Hill, Lord, Engl
ish lieutenant-general, 1017, 1028, 1065
Hiller, Austrian general, 666, 680, 681, 687, 695
Hilliers, Baraguey d’, French cavalry general, 216, 390, 824, 827
Hoche, Lazare, French Republican general, 125
Hohenlohe, Prince of, Prussian general, 453; character of, 455; position of, 456; plans of campaign of, 458, 459; during campaign of 1806, 470, 471, 473, 479; at battle of Jena, 483-85, 486; retreats, 486, 501; surrenders at Prenzlau, 501
Hood, Lord, English admiral, 23, 27
Hope, Sir John, English general, 628, 645
Hortense (de Beauharnais), Napoleon’s stepdaughter, 245
Ibrahim Bey, Mameluke general, 210, 222, 226, 227
Jacobins, the, French left-wing party, 259, 308, 951
Jannissaries, the, Turkish élite troops, see Infantry (Other), Index B
Jellacic, Austrian general, 402
John, Austrian archduke, 302, 331, 382, 403, 409, 436, 666, 673, 694, 696, 697, 709, 716, 718, 723, 727
Jomini, Baron A. H., Swiss general in the French service, 133, 792, 895
Joseph, King of Spain, see Bonaparte
Josephine, née Tascher, Beauharnais, Empress, 49; biographical sketch, see Appendix; character of, 92, 214; marriage to Napoleon, 49; relations with his family, 245; Napoleon’s feeling for, 56, 527; infidelity of, 227; reconciliation with Napoleon, 245; failure to provide an heir, 744; divorced, 744; mentioned, 103, 378, 583, 587; picture, 48
Joubert, B. C, French general, 71, 93, 114, 115, 120, 122
Jourdan, Count J. B., French marshal, 46, 256; biographical sketch, see Appendix; during campaigns of 1795, ′96 in Germany, 46, 47, 96; as minister of war, 259; enacts Conscription Law, 257, 334fn, at battle of Fleurus, 169; Jacobin leanings of, 259; created a marshal, 435; adviser to King Joseph, 621; picture, 435
Junot, Andoche, Duke of Abrantes, French general, 56; early confidant of Napoleon, 57; during campaign of 1796, 56; in Egypt and Syria, 226, 238; commander of Portuguese expedition, 597, 598; reaches Lisbon, 599, 612; defeated at Vimiero, 619; repatriated, 644; during campaign of 1812, 799, 815, 820, 841, 842; misconduct at battle of Smolensk, 788, 789; at Borodino, 799, 800; mentioned, 605
Kalkreuth, Prussian general, 561, 563