by Andrew Brown
and models, 441
and organization of science, 451
and origins of life, 379, 381
and protein research, 316, 347–51, 354
and Sage, 282, 348, 352, 484–5
and virus research, 357–8, 361
Cripps, Stafford, 287
Crossman, Richard, 438–9
Crowfoot, Dorothy, see Hodgkin, Dorothy
Crowther, J.G., 106, 108–9, 111, 146, 173, 176, 289, 309, 363
Crystallographic Data Centre (Cambridge), 296, 470
crystallography
and biology, 91, 102, 146–7
at Birkbeck, 297, 362, 435, 440, 455–8, 462, 466, 470
and Braggs, 39, 47–51, 63, 90–1, 157, 289, 291, 445, 458
at Cambridge, 25, 29, 39, 62–3, 78–102, 458, 470
and chemistry, 91, 147, 156
and DNA, 314, 445
generalized, 445, 450, 465
and liquid structure, 445–6
national schools of, 79–80, 85, 396
nomenclature in, 85–6
in post-war period, 275–6
and proteins, 144, 146–7, 156, 164, 445, 465, 487
at RI, 46–64, 289
and Sage, 19, 37–8, 46–64, 170, 295–6, 355, 435, 451, 457–8, 488
and symmetry, 37, 80, 156
X-ray, 39–40, 47–8, 51, 90–2
see also International Union of Crystallography
crystals
ice, 100, 178, 453
inorganic, 100
lattices in, 49–50, 54–5, 84–5
organic, 54–5
rotation techniques for, 54–5, 58, 61, 128
Cuba, 409–11, 467, 469
Cuban missile crisis, 411, 426–9, 433–4, 489
Cultural Revolution (China), 469
Cummings, A.J., 310, 485
Curie, Irène, 125–6, 264, 268, 324, 384, 415
Curie, Marie, 125
cyclol theory, 148–52, 158, 445
Czechoslovakia, 133–4, 196, 471–2
Czechoslovakian Academy of Sciences, 444
Daedalus (Haldane), 72, 76
Dail Eireann (Irish Parliament), 26
Dakin, Douglas, 455–6
Dalai Lama, 394
Dale, Sir Henry, 138, 304, 306
Dalton, Hugh, 40, 287, 323, 466
Danckwerts, Peter, 180, 247, 482–3
Darlington, Cyril, 173, 298–9, 301–2, 305–6
Darwin, Charles, 366, 370, 374, 466
Darwin, Charles (grandson; physicist), 40, 220, 272
D-Day, see Overlord, Operation de Gaulle, Charles, 421, 423
de Solla Price, D.J., 450
de Valera, Eamonn, 15–16, 26
Defence Committee, 200, 202
democracy, 166, 320
Sage on, 207, 488
Denmark, 402, 424, 435
Department of Science and Industrial Research (DSIR; Cambridge), 83, 122
Deryagin, Boris, 446–9, 473
‘The detection and location of aircraft by radio methods’ (Watson-Watt), 188–9
Dewar, James, 56
dialectical materialism, 113–14, 300–1
diatoms, 13, 35 n.
Dickinson, H. Douglas, 24–6, 32–3, 35, 40–1, 44, 57
politics of, 103–4
Dieppe, raid on, 211, 213–15, 246, 248
analysis of, 215–16
diffraction, 14, 47–9, 457
and DNA, 314–15, 359
and protein research, 342–4, 348, 350, 352, 354
X-ray, 314–15, 342–4, 348, 350, 352, 354, 359
diketopiperazine, 88, 345
Dirac, Paul, 111, 173
disarmament, 331, 412–34, 489
and Khrushchev, 469
and peace movement, 126, 337–8
pre-WWII, 119–20, 185
and UN, 319–20, 423
World Congress on (Moscow; 1962), 422–7, 456
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 279–80, 298, 381
and crystallography, 314, 445
and diffraction, 314–15, 359
double helix of, 96, 313, 347, 351, 354, 359
and Franklin, 314, 359
‘junk’, 316
models of, 350, 354
and protein research, 316, 347, 350–1, 353
Dobb, Maurice, 26, 40, 103, 105
Dobb, Reggie, 274
Doctors Plot (USSR), 340
Donne, John, 249, 352
Dornberger, Katie Schiff, 158, 277, 355, 465
The Double Helix (Watson), 314–15
Dowding, Air Chief Marshal Hugh, 189
Dracula, Operation, 259–61
‘Draft scheme for a biomolecular centre’ (Bernal), 275
Dublin, 11, 15–16, 21
Duff Cooper, Alfred, 264
Dulles, John Foster, 412, 420
Dunn Institute of Biochemistry (Cambridge), 90, 95, 121–2, 150, 343
Dutt, Palme, 124
East German Academy of Sciences, 444
East Germany, 417–18, 420–2
Easter uprising (Ireland; 1916), 11, 15, 26
Eastern Europe, 270, 331
The Economic Consequences of the Peace (Keynes), 24, 41
economics, 24, 41, 108, 159, 293
optimal, 67–8
Sage on, 67–8, 76–7, 205, 207, 467–8
economy
British, 103–5, 112, 124, 159, 322–3, 435, 439
centralized planning of, 206, 306, 319, 364, 406
Chinese, 395, 399, 469
Ghanaian, 406
global, 366
Indian, 387, 399
Irish, 34–5, 68
and science, 363–4
Vietnamese, 416
ectogenesis, 72–3
education, 366, 437
in Africa, 404–7, 455
science, 165–6
Efroimson, Vladimir, 302
Egypt, 222, 224
Ehrenberg, Ilya, 329, 331, 388, 390, 427–8
Ehrenberg, Werner, 158, 276–7, 280, 296, 359, 462
Einstein, Albert, 30, 35, 79, 162, 186–7, 366
and Cold War, 321
and peace movement, 332, 412
and Rosenbergs, 339
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 212, 215, 234, 247
and Cold War, 340, 417
and D-Day, 481
on military-industrial complex, 419
and nuclear weapons, 413, 415–16, 418
El Alamein, 220
elastin, 389
electron microscope, 275, 277, 342, 362, 368, 379
electronics, 163, 365–6, 439, 474
see also computers
Ellis, Charles, 263
embryology, 97
Eminent Victorians (Strachey), 32
Emmanuel College (Cambridge), 18–19, 47
Sage at, 22–45
Engels, Friedrich, 107, 124, 128, 342, 369, 375
Engels Society, 305, 308
‘Enormity or logic and hypocrisy in the ultimate solution’ (Bernal), 467
enzymes, 90, 101–2, 156
and origins of life, 368, 375, 381
and protein research, 82, 343, 345
epigenetics, 316
espionage, 105, 112, 177, 272–3, 418, 455–6
and peace movement, 320, 330
and Rosenbergs, 338–40
and Sage, 113, 183–4, 407, 456
eugenics, 302
European Cultural Association, 399
evolution, 72, 98, 364, 382
and origins of life, 370, 372, 374–5
Ewald, Paul, 48, 53, 55, 84–6, 169, 463
Fabian Society, 117, 156, 269, 273, 400
Fabry, Charles, 174
Fadeyev, Alexander, 324, 326, 336
Fankuchen, Dina, 328
Fankuchen, Isidore (Fan), 140–5, 165, 215, 225, 276–7, 289, 328
at Birkbeck, 157–8
and protein research, 170, 354
and virus research, 140–3, 284–5, 315
Faraday, Michael, 6, 9, 56,
60
Faraday Society, 83, 143, 284–5, 446
fascism, 128, 130, 153, 327
American, 319, 325, 339
and capitalism, 113, 120, 326
in Germany, 112, 119
vs. Marxism, 105, 163
and pre-WWII France, 124–5
Sage on, 120, 136
and science, 113, 123, 166
see also Nazis
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation; US), 300, 328, 330, 339
Federation of American Scientists (FAS), 320
Federov, E.S., 38
Federov’s Law, 143
Fergusson, Bernard, 480
fibres
and building industry, 283
and protein research, 63, 83, 86–9, 95, 102, 148–9, 156, 343, 349
research on, 80–1, 127–8
X-ray analysis of, 80–1, 83
‘Fielding and the Industrial Revolution’ (lecture; Bernal), 397
Finch, John, 356, 358–61, 450
Finney, John, 447–9, 472
Fischer, Emil, 343
Fles, George, 471
Fles, Pearl, 471
Foley, Galway, 34
‘The folly of probability’ (Mora), 380
For Intellectual Liberty (FIL), 125–6, 129, 132, 137, 152–3, 167
Forster, E.M., 126
Foulkes, General C.H., 131–2
Fourier analysis, 139, 145, 169, 276, 280, 334
Fowler, Ralph, 97–8, 100, 111, 152, 220, 258, 285, 440
France
atomic energy policy in, 323–4
and Korean War, 332
and nuclear weapons, 323, 418, 423, 429
and peace movement, 328–9, 331–2, 341, 424, 427
pre-WWII, 119, 124–5
Sage’s visits to, 125, 137, 173–4
and Spanish Civil War, 129–30
and US dominance, 366
in WWII, 173, 175, 196, 260, 264
Franco, Francisco, 129, 144
Frank, Charles, 441–2, 463
Frank, F.C., 148
Franklin, Rosalind, 355–6, 362, 373, 439–40
and DNA, 314, 359
and protein research, 353–4, 358
and virus research, 357–60, 376, 379
Fraunhofer, Joseph von, 12
Fraunhofer lines, 12–13
‘The freedom of necessity’ (Bernal), 206–8
Fremlin, John, 130
French, ‘Tulip’, 16
French Communist Party (PCF), 125
French Revolution, 74–5, 364
Freud, Sigmund, 31, 35, 68
Freudianism, 31, 41–3, 103
and Sage, 66, 68, 74, 155
Friends of the Rosenbergs Committee, 339
Front Populaire, 125
Fry, Margary, 126
Fuchs, Klaus, 330
Fuller, Buckminster, 361, 441
Furberg, Sven, 280, 314
Furth, R.H., 297
Gaitskell, Hugh, 104, 437–8
Galileo, 304, 364
Gallipoli, 238
Gardiner, Margaret, 218, 282, 293
care of Sage by, 470–1
and FIL, 126, 129, 152–3
and other lovers, 139, 155, 327, 454
on Sage, 136, 487–8
and son, 140, 404
in USSR, 115–18, 137
in WWII, 167, 192, 245–6
and Zuckerman, 115, 478–80
Garfield, Eugene, 295
Garwood, F., 190–1
gels, 284, 367, 373
genes, 96, 299, 307–8
Genet, Jean, 329
genetic code, 364, 376
The Genetic Code (Woese), 381
genetic engineering, 72–3
genetics, 298–317
Central Dogma of, 316
and DNA, 314
identity in, 445–6
and Lysenkoism, 304–9, 312–17, 450
Mendelian, 299, 305–6, 309
of plants, 300–1, 303
in USSR, 299–317
Geneva agreement (1954), 395, 431
Geneva Disarmament Conference (1933), 119
geochemistry, 378
geology, 39, 378–9
geometry
at Cambridge, 22–3, 28–9
and liquid structure, 441, 445
projective, 29
statistical, 443–4
three-dimensional, 441–2, 446
and vector analysis, 40
George, E.P., 297
George V, king of England, 16
George VI, king of England, 217, 249, 484
Germany
air force of, 185, 187
Berlin Wall in, 420–1, 426
bombing of, 190, 194, 197, 200, 202, 204
crystallography in, 79–80
fascism in, 112, 119
and FIL, 126
and peace movement, 338
post-war, 325–6, 332
pre-WWII, 112–13, 123, 125, 127, 133, 209
Sage on, 67
science in, 80–1, 127–8, 138, 160
and Spanish Civil War, 129
and US dominance, 366
and WWI, 24
in WWII, 190, 194, 197, 200, 202, 204, 318
see also Berlin airlift; Berlin Wall; East Germany; West Germany
Ghana, 404–7
Gibson, Wing Commander Guy, 232
glacier ice, 178
Gladstone, William, 3
glycine, 371
Goldsmith, Maurice, 479–81
goniometers, 61, 355
Gooseberries, 245
Gordon Research Conferences, 459–60
Grace, John Hilton, 22–3, 28–9, 37, 445
Graham, Thomas, 81
Graham Report, 239
graphite, 53–5, 60
Great Leap Forward (China), 395, 403–4
‘The great poison-gas plot’ (Bernal), 123
Great Wall (China), 393, 396
Greenglass, David, 339
Greenglass, Ruth, 339
Greenwood, Arthur, 287
Gregory, Richard, 121
Grey, Dora, 40–2, 44
Gromyko, Andrei, 320
Grotius gold medal, 444
Groves, General Leslie, 269, 318
Guest, David Haden, 105, 107–8, 112–13, 129
Guevara, Ernesto ‘Che’, 411, 423, 468
The Guns of August (Tuchman), 433
Guthrie lecture (Bernal; 1947), 343–4, 366–7, 369, 381
Habbakuk, Operation, 216–20, 224–38, 256, 292
and Quadrant Conference, 233–5
and Sage, 219–20, 223, 225–7, 234–5
haemoglobin, 82, 145–6, 152, 157, 170, 178, 217
and Perutz, 285, 457, 470
and protein research, 345–8, 350–2
Haldane, J.B.S., 92, 168, 182
on ectogenesis, 72–3
and genetics, 59, 75, 96, 299
on origins of life, 367–8, 369 n., 370–1, 380
politics of, 90, 104, 133, 172, 325
popular writing of, 72, 76, 363
and Soviet genetics, 302, 305, 307–8, 310
as Soviet spy, 184
Hales, Stephen, 442
Hamilton, William, 35–6
Hanaghan, Jonty, 42–3
handedness (chirality), 289–90, 368, 371, 381
harbours, artificial, 228–9, 232–3, 235, 238
Mulberry, 229, 233, 241, 245, 254, 477, 479, 483
Harris, Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur ‘Bomber’, 264
Harris, Ully, 153, 167, 332
Harrod, Roy, 104
Harvard University, 278, 450, 475
Haurowitz, Felix, 145
Hegel, G.W.F., 375
Heilbron, I.M., 140
Heinemann, Margot, 327, 353, 413–14, 452
care of Sage by, 458, 461, 464, 471
and Sage’s reputation, 475, 478–9
Heisenberg, Werner K., 71, 78
Hepworth, Barbara, 153–4, 464
the Hereti
cs, 31–3, 40, 72, 115
Hessel, J.F.C., 19
Hessen, Boris, 106
Hill, A.V., 122–3, 189, 268
Hill, Bradford, 190
Hiroshima, 267, 271, 412
history
Irish, 66–7
Sage on, 70, 74–5, 363–6, 403, 440, 452, 474, 486
of science, 107, 363–5
Hitler, Adolf, 112, 119, 124–5, 129, 133, 136, 206, 304
Ho Chi Minh, 404, 416–17
Hoare, Samuel, 133
Hobsbawm, Eric, 460, 462–3
Hodder School, 8
Hodgkin, Dorothy Crowfoot, 143, 147, 169, 373, 404, 454, 473
and cyclol theory, 150–1
and insulin, 137–40, 156, 170, 350
and Nobel Prize, 463, 466
and Order of Merit, 478 n.
and organic crystals, 99–102
and penicillin, 276
politics of, 126
on Sage, 316, 381, 400, 481, 485–6
as Sage’s lover, 139–40
in USSR, 388
and vitamin B12, 345
Hodgkin, Thomas, 140, 404–6
Hodgkinson, Lovell, 20
Hogben, Lancelot, 104, 107, 133, 172, 301–2, 363
Holmes, Kenneth, 356, 359, 450
Home Rule, Irish, 10, 27
homosexuality, 31, 113
Hong Kong, 399, 405
Hopkins, Harry, 212
Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland, 82, 90, 102, 121–2, 126, 143–4, 343
Hopkinson, Tom, 183
Horizon (magazine), 206
hormones, 93–5, 170, 386
housing
in India, 385–6
in Poland, 337
post-war, 283–4, 286–8
prefabricated, 286–8, 383
in USSR, 383
Huc, Abbé, 240–1, 247
Hughes, Eddie, 349
Hughes-Hallett, Captain John, 213, 228
Hull (city), study of, 197–200, 476
Hulme, Henry, 269, 271–2
Human Genome Project, 163
human rights, see civil liberties
Hundred Flowers campaign (China), 402
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 388, 444
Hungary, 321, 364, 422
anti-Soviet uprising in (1956), 400–2, 414
Sage’s visits to, 388–90, 401–2, 452
Soviet invasion of, 471, 486
Hussey, Captain Tom, 210, 229, 232, 255
and Sage’s role in D-Day, 479, 481–3
Hutchinson, Arthur, 39, 45–6, 52, 62–3, 78–9, 90, 100
Hutt, Allen, 40–4, 103
Huxley, Aldous, 75, 109, 126–7, 130, 153
Huxley, Julian, 176, 288, 316, 450
on Lysenkoism, 302, 306–7
politics of, 104, 108–9, 325
Huxley, Thomas, 366, 370, 376
hydrocarbons, 21, 377
hydrogen bomb, 329–30
see also atomic bomb; nuclear weapons
ice crystals, 100, 178, 453
‘Ideas on the principles of the study of the origin of life’ (Bernal), 373
I.G. Farben, 80–1
In Which We Serve (film), 217
Incitement to Disaffection Bill, 122
‘Independence and general disarmament’ conference (Helsinki; 1965), 431
