by Dan Snow
55. ‘John Johnson’s Journal’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 82.
56. Moncrief, A Short Account of the Expedition against Quebec Commanded by Major-General Wolfe in the Year 1759, 25.
57. Montresor to Colonel James Montresor, 10 August 1759, Montmorency, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, IV: 319.
58. Wolfe to Sackville, 30 July 1759, in B. Willson, ed., The Life and Letters of James Wolfe (New York, 1909), 389.
59. ‘John Johnson’s Journal’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 97.
60. ‘Appendices of the Nova Scotia Papers of the Northcliffe Collection’, in The Northcliffe Collection, 100.
61. Knox, Journal, II: 17; the return for Gorham’s men in LAC, Monckton Papers, XX, rl C-366 says he had three officers, seven NCOs and sixty-seven privates from the regulars. In addition he had 8 ranger officers, ten NCOs, 136 privates and forty marines.
62. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers) (Boston, 1759), 7.
63. Knox, Journal, II: 38-9.
64. Ibid., II: 23.
65. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers), 7-8.
66. Wolfe to Monckton, 14 August, in LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
67. Wolfe to Monckton, 15 August, in ibid., XXII, rl C-336.
68. Knox, Journal, II: 55.
69. Panet’s Journal, 21, 23 August 1759.
70. C. P. Stacey, Canadian Dictionary Biography online: http://www. biographi.ca/EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35775andquery=scott.
71. Knox, Journal, II: 57.
72. ‘French Documents Relating to Quebec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXVII: 214.
73. Knox, Journal, II: 42.
74. Ibid., II: 44.
75. Extract from a Manuscript Journal Relating to the Operations before Quebec in 1759, Kept by Colonel Malcolm Fraser, the Lt of the 78th (Fraser’s Highlanders) and Serving in that Campaign (Literary and Historical Society of Quebec: Historical Documents, Second Series, 1868), 13-14.
76. Mémoire du sieur de Ramezay, commandant à Québec, au sujet de la reddition de cette ville, le 18 septembre 1759.
77. Canadian Dictionary of Biography online: http://www.biographi.ca/ EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=35746andquery=portneuf.
78. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army during the Expedition up the River St Lawrence, 1759(Literary and Historical Society of Quebec: Historical Documents, Fourth Series, Quebec, 1875), 29.
79. Knox, Journal, II: 45.
80. ‘The Townshend Papers’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 258.
81. ‘Genuine Letters from a Volunteer in the British Service at Quebec: 2 September 1759, 2 Miles below Quebec’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 19.
82. Orderly Book and Journal of Major John Hawks, on the Ticonderoga-Crown Point Campaign, under General Jeffrey Amherst, 1759-1760(New York, 1911), 11.
83. Léger, Le Journal de Montcalm, entry for 1 September 1759, 491.
84. Knox, Journal, II: 21.
85. Hamilton, Bougainville, 11.
86. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 35.
87. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 257.
88. Knox, Journal, II: 40.
89. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 260.
90. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers), 13.
91. W. J. Eccles, Essays on New France (Toronto, 1987), 127.
92. Robert MacPherson to Andrew MacPherson, Camp before Quebec, 16 September 1759, James Grant Papers, Library of Congress, reprinted in full in I. McCulloch, Sons of the Mountain: The Highland Regiments in the French and Indian War, 1756-1767(2 vols., Toronto, 2006), I: 185-6.
93. Townshend to Lady Ferrers, 6 September 1759, Camp Lévis, from ‘Letters and Papers Relating to the Siege of Quebec in the Possession of the Marquess of Townshend’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 194-5.
Chapter Eleven: ‘We find ourselves outnumbered and we fear, out generaled’
1. Major Moncrief, A Short Account of the Expedition against Quebec Commanded by Major-General Wolfe in the Year 1759(Quebec, 1901), 28.
2. ‘Extracts from Journal of the Particular Transactions during the Siege of Quebec’, in A. Doughty and G. Parmelee, eds., The Siege of Quebec and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (6 vols., Quebec, 1901), V: 181.
3. ‘Extracts from Journal of the Particular Transactions during the siege of Quebec’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 181.
4. LAC, James Murray Collection, MG 23 GII 1, rl A-1992. Bundle 1, letter 2.
5. Moncrief, A Short Account of the Expedition against Quebec Commanded by Major-General Wolfe in the Year 1759, 29.
6. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection (Ottawa, 1926), XXX: 258.
7. R. Léger, ed., Le Journal de Montcalm (Montreal, 2007), entry for 17 August 1759, 484.
8. Bougainville’s Journal for 1759-60 in E. P. Hamilton, ed., Adventure in the Wilderness: The American Journals of Louis Antoine de Bougainville, 1756-1760(Norman, OK, 1990), 320.
9. LAC, James Murray Collection, MG 23 GII 1, rl A-1992. Bundle 1, letter 2.
10. Memoirs of the Siege of Quebec, the Capital of all Canada, and of the Retreat of Monsieur de Bourlemaque (Quebec, 1901), 24.
11. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 258-9.
12. Wolfe to Monckton, 19 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
13. Wolfe to Murray, 13 August 1759, Montmorency, PRONI, DOD 678 14a.
14. Wolfe to Monckton, 22 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
15. A. Doughty, ed., An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North America: For the Years 1757, 1758, 1759and 1760by Captain John Knox (3 vols., Toronto, 1914-16), II: 33.
16. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 259.
17. Knox, Journal, II: 34.
18. Barré to Monckton, 24 August 1759, LAC, MG 18 N 18, vol. IV, file 1, fol. 13.
19. Wolfe to Holderness, ‘on board the Sutherland off Cape Rouge’, 9 September 1759, in B. Willson, ed., The Life and Letters of James Wolfe (New York, 1909), 474.
20. Wolfe to Monckton, 4 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
21. Knox, Journal, II: 43.
22. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 259.
23. Knox, Journal, II: 26.
24. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army during the Expedition up the River St Lawrence, 1759(Literary and Historical Society of Quebec: Historical Documents, Fourth Series, Quebec, 1875), 38.
25. General Wolfe’s Instructions to Young Officers (London, 1778), 46-55.
26. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 43.
27. Knox, Journal, I: 129.
28. Perth, 1 January 1750, in General Wolfe’s Instructions to Young Officers, 19.
29. Wolfe to Monckton, 16 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336; Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 11-12; ‘Extract of a Journal Kept at the Army Commanded by the Late Lt Gen de Montcalm’, in E. O’Callaghan and B. Fernow, eds., Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Procured in Holland, England and France (15 vols., Albany, NY, 1853-87), X: 1032.
30. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 41.
31. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 12.
32. Wolfe to Monckton, 16 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
33. Ibid.
34. Wolfe to Monckton, 22 August 1759, in Willson, Life and Letters of James Wolfe, 466.
35. R. Holmes, Redcoat: The British Soldier in the Age of Horse and Musket (London, 2001), 177; J. H
oulding, Fit for Service: The Training of the British Army, 1715-1795(Oxford, 1981), 104.
36. Houlding, Fit for Service, 107.
37. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 255.
38. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 255.
39. ‘Extract of a Journal Kept at the Army Commanded by the Late Lt Gen de Montcalm’, in O’Callaghan and Fernow, Documents, X: 1030.
40. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 259.
41. Knox, Journal, II: 34.
42. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 44.
43. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers) (Boston, 1759), 9.
44. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers), 7.
45. ‘Diary of Lt William Henshaw’, in C. H. Lincoln, ed., Manuscript Records of the French and Indian War: In the Library of the American Antiquarian Society (Worcester, MA, 1909), 191.
46. Orderly Book and Journal of Major John Hawks, on the Ticonderoga-Crown Point Campaign, under General Jeffrey Amherst, 1759-1760(New York, 1911), 55.
47. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 34.
48. Wolfe’s Journal, 11 August 1759.
49. Moncrief, A Short Account of the Expedition against Quebec Commanded by Major-General Wolfe in the Year 1759, 25.
50. Knox, Journal, II: 36-7.
51. Wolfe to Pitt, 2 September 1759, PRO, C 5/51.
52. Knox, Journal, II: 40.
53. Ibid.
54. Wolfe to Pitt, 2 September 1759, PRO, C 5/51.
55. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 42, 44.
56. James Gibson to Governor Lawrence, 1 August 1759, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 65-8.
57. Captain Schomberg to Admiral Forbes, Boston, 5 September 1759, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec,V: 60.
58. Bell’s Journal, 31 July 1759.
59. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 28-9.
60. Ibid., 21.
61. Ibid., 29.
62. Townshend to Lady Townshend, Point Lévis, 6 September 1759, LAC, MG 18 L 7, fol. 18.
63. Lieutenant Colonel Murray to ‘Manie’, Montmorency, 8 August 1759, in ‘Letters of Colonel Murray’, in H. C. Wylley, ed., The Sherwood Foresters: Notts and Derby Regiment. Regimental Annual 1926(London, 1927), 212.
64. Wolfe to Monckton, 15 August 1759 and 16 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, vol. XXII, rl C-336.
65. Williamson to Ligonier, Point Lévis, 12 August 1759, in LAC, rl A-573.
66. ‘Extract of a Journal Kept at the Army Commanded by the Late Lt Gen de Montcalm’, in O’Callaghan and Fernow, Documents, X: 1033.
67. Knox, Journal, II: 7.
68. ‘Return of the Marines at the Camp at the Point de Lévis 9 August 1759’, LAC, Monckton Papers, XX, rl C-366.
69. ‘Extract of a Journal Kept at the Army Commanded by the Late Lt Gen de Montcalm’, in O’Callaghan and Fernow, Documents, X: 1033.
70. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 22.
71. Ibid., 28, 30.
72. Major Clephane, quoted in I. McCulloch, Highlander in the French-Indian War 1756-67(Oxford, 2008), 44.
73. Orderly Book and Journal of Major John Hawks, on the Ticonderoga-Crown Point Campaign, under General Jeffrey Amherst, 1759-1760, 24, 25.
74. Montresor to Colonel James Montresor, Quebec, 5 October 1759, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, IV: 329.
75. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 28.
76. Knox, Journal, I: 412.
77. Ibid., II: 53.
78. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 27.
79. Ibid., 42-3.
80. Ibid., 30.
81. Knox, Journal, II: 16.
82. ‘John Johnson’s Journal’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 99.
83. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 13.
84. Wolfe to Holderness, in B. Willson, ed., The Life and Letters of James Wolfe (New York, 1909), 474.
85. ‘John Johnson’s Journal’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 95.
86. Knox, Journal, II: 40.
87. Ibid., II: 42.
88. Willson, The Life and Letters of James Wolfe, 483-4.
89. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 13.
90. Wolfe’s Instructions to Brigadiers, PRONI, DOD 678 5a-6a.
91. Ibid., 7a.
92. C. V. F. Townshend, The Military Life of George First Marquess Townshend (Toronto, 1907), 210.
93. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 262.
94. ‘At a Council of War at Point Levy, 29 August 1759’, PRONI, DOD 678 8a.
95. Ibid., 8a-9a.
96. Ibid., 9a-10a.
97. ‘Plan of Operations in Consequence of the Preceding Answer’.
98. Wolfe to Monckton, 13 August 1759, LAC, Monckton Papers, XXII, rl C-336.
99. Saunders to Admiralty, 5 September 1759, in C. H. Little, ed., Despatches of Vice Admiral Saunders (Halifax, NS, 1958), 15.
100. ‘Extracts from Journal of the Particular Transactions during the Siege of Quebec’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 183.
101. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers), 9.
102. Logs: Hunter, 28 August 1759, Lowestoft, 28 August 1759, in W. Wood, ed., The Logs of the Conquest of Canada (Toronto, 1909), 230, 237.
103. A Journal of the Expedition up the River St Lawrence (by a Sgt Major in Hopson’s Grenadiers), 9.
104. J. B. N. R. de Ramezay, Mémoire du sieur de Ramezay, commandant à Québec, au sujet de la reddition de cette ville, le 18 septembre 1759(Quebec, 1861).
105. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 253.
106. Ibid., 262.
107. Montcalm to Bougainville, quoted in Wood, The Logs of the Conquest of Canada, 149.
108. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 260.
109. ‘Relation du siège de Québec, posé par les Anglois en l’anée 1759’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXVIII: 220.
110. Panet’s Journal, 17 August 1759.
111. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXX: 261.
112. Panet’s Journal, 4 September 1759; J.-F. Récher, Journal du siège de Québec en 1759(Quebec, 1959), entry for 24 August 1759.
113. Vaudreuil’s ceaseless courting of de Lévis is illustrated by the opening sentence of the second letter: ‘Even though I have absolutely nothing interesting to tell you, I could not refuse myself the pleasure of writing you this letter.’ Vaudreuil to de Lévis, 10, 11 August 1759, in H. R. Casgrain, ed., Collection des manuscrits du Maréchal de Lévis (12 vols., Montreal and Quebec, 1889-95), VIII: 79-82.
114. Vaudreuil to de Lévis, 28 August 1759, in ibid., VIII: 93-5.
115. Récher, Journal du siège de Québec en 1759, entry for 13 August 1759.
116. Léger, Le Journal de Montcalm, entry for 20 August 1759, 485.
117. Montcalm to de la Molé, Quebec, 24 August 1759, LAC, MG 18 N 18, vol. VII.
118. Knox, Journal, II: 42, 55.
119. Wolfe to Saunders, 30 August 1759, Gentlemen’s Magazine, June 1801, in LAC, MG 18 N 18, vol. V.
120. This new concoction was ‘held in the highest esteem by the Quality and Gentry of France who constantly carry it in their pockets a smelling bottle…it recovers immediately from either fainting or hysteric fits, and is a most admirable remedy in the head ache, lowness of spirits, hypochondriacal, and nervous disorders’. No doubt Montcalm’s officers had vials of the liquid about their persons at all times.
121
. Wolfe to Pitt, 2 September 1759, PRO, C 5/51.
122. William Corry to Sir William Johnson, 23 August 1759, Albany, NY, 23 August 1759, in J. Sullivan et al., eds., Sir William Johnson Papers (Albany, NY, 1921), 128.
123. Wolfe to Mrs Wolfe, 31 August 1759, in Willson, The Life and Letters of James Wolfe, 468-9.
124. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 14.
125. Moncrief, A Short Account of the Expedition against Quebec Commanded by Major-General Wolfe in the Year 1759, 25.
126. Saunders to Admiralty, 5 September 1759, in Little, Despatches of Vice Admiral Saunders, 16.
127. Wolfe to Holderness, ‘on board the Sutherland off Cape Rouge’, 9 September 1759, in Willson, The Life and Letters of James Wolfe, 475.
128. Knox, Journal, II: 41.
129. ‘Relation du siège de Québec, posé par les Anglois en l’anée 1759’, in The Northcliffe Collection, XXVIII: 220.
Chapter Twelve: ‘This man must finish with a great effort, and great thunder’
1. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army during the Expedition up the River St Lawrence, 1759(Literary and Historical Society of Quebec: Historical Documents, Fourth Series, Quebec, 1875), 45.
2. Saunders to Townshend, 1 September 1759, in A. Doughty and G. Parmelee, eds., The Siege of Quebec and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (6 vols., Quebec, 1901), V: 275.
3. Montresor to Colonel James Montresor, Quebec, 5 October 1759, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, IV: 330.
4. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 262.
5. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 45-6.
6. ‘Extracts from Journal of the Particular Transactions during the Siege of Quebec’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 184.
7. General Orders in Wolfe’s Army, 47.
8. ‘Brigadier Townshend’s Journal of the Voyage to America and Campaign against Quebec, 1759’, in Doughty and Parmelee, Siege of Quebec, V: 263.
9. Wolfe’s ‘Family Journal’, PRONI, DOD 162/77 C, 14.
10. ‘Journal du siège de Québec’, in The Northcliffe Collection (Ottawa, 1926), XXX: 262.
11. A. Doughty, ed., An Historical Journal of the Campaigns in North America: For the Years 1757, 1758, 1759and 1760by Captain John Knox (3 vols., Toronto, 1914-16), II: 59.
