The Story of Civilization

Home > Nonfiction > The Story of Civilization > Page 116
The Story of Civilization Page 116

by Will Durant

Italian, 461;

  Sicilian, 464, 465;

  Christian, 601;

  under Rome, 18, 71, 82, 92, 133, 141, 227, 233, 278, 291, 293, 310, 338-346

  passim, 347-351 352-362

  passim, 372, 376, 384, 386, 412, 414, 418, 442-443, 453, 480, 511-512, 514, 532, 634-635, 661-662, 671

  Scylla, 602

  Scythia, 194, 218, 429, 483, 496, 500, 520, 528, 629

  Secular Games, see ludi saeculares

  Secundini Family, Tomb of the, 474

  Segovia, 470

  Seine (anc. Sequana), 175, 470, 523

  Sejanus, Lucius Aelius, prefect of the Praetorian Guard (?-31 A.D.), 263-264, 365*, 447

  Seleucia, 96, 428, 528, 529, 546, 602

  Seleucia Pieria, 512

  Seleucids, 507, 511, 528-530, 536

  Seleucus IV Philopator, King of Syria (187-175 B.C.), 86

  Selinus, 413

  semaphores, 324

  Semites, 41, 245, 530

  Sempronian Law, 144

  Senaculum, 624

  Senate, 13, 21-31, 34, 37, 44, 45, 49-52, 70, 71, 76, 85, 86, 89, 90-91, 93-94, 95, 96, 103, 105-107, 111, 114-118, 120-126, 129, 130, 136-140, 143-145, 160, 165, 170-175, 180, 181-184, 186, 190-191, 193-201, 205, 206, 212-216, 221, 226, 232, 250, 260-264, 265, 266, 268-271, 273, 275-277, 279, 280, 283-287, 289, 291-293, 301, 331, 332, 336, 348, 364, 393, 395, 397, 407, 409, 413, 414-415, 416, 423, 427, 433, 446, 447, 449, 463, 519, 620, 621, 623-628, 63 3, 636, 638-640, 668-669

  Seneca, 351

  Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Stoic philosopher (4? B.C.-A.D. 65), 95, 97, 154, 239, 260, 267, 273, 274, 275-279, 282, 295, 296, 299, 301-308, 311, 315, 316, 319, 324, 333, 334, 335, 338, 343, 350, 351, 363, 367, 369, 370, 371, 377, 379, 380, 387, 388, 408, 435, 436, 439, 456, 469, 470, 478, 671

  Seneca, Marcus Annaeus, rhetorician (fl. 1st century B.C.), 295, 296, 301, 319, 369, 379, 470

  Senectute, De (Cicero), 108, 163*

  Senlis (anc. Augustomagus), 474

  Senones, 471*

  Sens (anc. Agendicum, later Senones), 471*

  sententiae, 296

  Sentinum (battle, 295 B.C.), 37

  Sepphoris, 543

  Septimius Severus (Lucius Septimius Severus), Roman emperor (146-211), 330, 336, 465, 620-622, 623, 628, 631*, 632, 633, 635, 649, 666, 669

  Septimius Severus, Arch of, 623, 635

  Septimontium, 12-13

  “Septizonium,” 635

  Septuagint, 541, 614

  Serapis, 635

  Serapis, Temple of (Rome), 291, 635

  Serapis, Temple of (Serapeum), 500

  Serbia, 480

  Serdica (Sofia), 483

  serfdom, 6, 39, 319, 473, 479, 529, 644, 668-669

  sermones, 245

  Sertorius, Quintus, general (?-72 B.C.), 136-137

  Servian census, 27

  Servian constitution, 123

  Servile Wars, 141;

  First, 80, 112;

  Second, 120-121

  Servilia, mistress of Caesar and mother of Brutus (1st century B.C.), 168, 196

  Servilian Gardens, 283

  Servius Tuliius, sixth King of Rome (fl. 6th century B.C.), 14-15, 340

  Seuthes and Son, Alexandrian banking firm, 331

  Seven against Thebes, 316

  Severus (Flavius Valerius Severus), Roman emperor (?-307), 653

  Severus, architect (fl. 1st century), 345

  Seville (one. Hispalis), 192, 470

  sewage system, 81, 220, 326, 356, 439, 671

  Sextius, Lucius, tribune and consul (fl. 376-366 B.C.), 24

  Sextus of Chaeronea, Greek Stoic philosopher (fl. 2nd century), 425-426

  Sextus Empiricus, Greek philosopher (fl. end of 2nd century), 494-495

  sexual intercourse, recommended by Pliny, 310;

  among the Essenes, 537

  sexual life, see abortion, adultery, betrothal, birth control, bisexuality, celibacy, concubinage, courtesans, divorce, effeminacy, emasculation, eunuchs, hermaphrodites, hetairai, homosexuality, incest, marriage, morals, pederasty, polygamy, promiscuity, prostitution, venereal disease

  Shakespeare, William (1564-1616), 16*, 100, 147, 241, 302, 435, 484, 617

  Shalmaneser III, King of Assyria (reigned 859-824 B.C.), 39

  Shammai, Jewish rabbi (fl. 1st century B.C.), 539, 547

  Shansi, 329

  Shaosyant, see Mithras

  Shapur I, King of Persia (reigned 242-271), 605, 629

  share-croppers, 104

  shaving, in Carthage, 41;

  in Rome, 70, 372;

  Christians and, 599

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe, English poet (1792-1822), 147, 311, 635

  Shemaya, Jewish rabbi (fl. 1st century B.C.), 538

  Shepherd of Hermas, The, 599

  shipbuilding, 220, 325, 513, 516

  ships, 324-326, 329, 516

  shrines, 75, 79, 335

  Sibyl, Cumean, 64, 236-237, 240-241

  Sibylline Books, 64, 94, 236

  Sibylline oracle, 197

  Sicels, 4

  Sicily, 4, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 52, 54, 62, 66, 77, 92, 106, 107, 111, 112, 120, 138, 141, 183, 2l6, 234, 237, 254, 297, 310, 322, 325, 328, 339, 418, 455, 464, 518, 523, 602, 629, 631

  Sidon, 39, 329, 347, 510, 511, 534

  Sidonius, see Apollinaris Sidonius Silanus, senator (fl. 1st century B.C.), 144

  Silanus, Marcus Junius, poisoned by Agrippina (14-54), 273

  Silas, colleague of St. Paul (1st century), 583

  Silchester (anc. Calleva Atrebatum), 477

  Silenus, 354

  Silius, Caius, lover of Messalina (?-48), 272

  silk, 329, 373, 510, 514, 624, 640 Silvae (Statius), 316

  Silvanus, 60, 238-239

  Silver Age, 235, 295-318, 319

  silverware, 346, 349, 373, 529, 624

  Silvester I, Roman Pope (reigned 314-335), 659

  Simeon (New Testament), 542

  Simeon, Bishop of Jerusalem and martyr (87 B.C. ?-A.D. 107?), 648

  Simon, Christ’s brother, 558

  Simon Magus, Samaritan sorcerer (1st century), 577, 604

  simony, 604

  Singidunum, see Belgrade

  Sinope (Sinob), 517, 518, 520, 604

  Sinuessa (Rocca di Mandragone), 113

  Sirach, 539

  Sirmio (Sirmione), 158

  Sirmium (Mitrovica), 480, 635, 640

  Siro the Epicurean, philosopher in Naples (fl. 1st century B.C.), 236

  Sixtus II, Roman Pope (257-258), 650

  skepticism, 308, 388-389, 489, 494-497, 500, 522;

  Cicero’s, 164-165;

  Augustus’, 225-228;

  Horace’s, 248;

  Ovid’s, 256;

  Vespasian’s, 287, 311;

  Hadrian’s, 415, 418, 648;

  Lucian’s, 495-497;

  Constantine’s, 655-656

  slavery, in Etruria, 6;

  in Carthage, 39, 52;

  in Greece, 86;

  in Germany, 479;

  under Rome, 22, 57, 58, 63, 66, 71, 76, 77, 80, 81, 87, 88, 95, 99, 103-104, 105, 107, 111-113, 117, 120-121, 124, 130, 133, 134, 137-138, 143, 170, 175, 177, 184, 189, 190, 192, 202, 203-204, 205, 211, 215, 220, 221-222, 245*, 255, 261, 267, 270, 279, 290, 297-298, 301, 319, 320, 322, 323, 324, 326, 328-329, 332, 333-335, 336, 338, 342, 364, 366, 374-375, 380, 385-387, 395, 397-398, 400, 403, 412, 424, 429, 441, 448, 462-463, 464, 465, 469, 473, 476, 490, 493, 499, 513, 515, 516, 522, 529, 531, 536, 543, 545, 548, 566, 589, 590, 596, 631-632, 634, 644, 665, 667, 668;

  barbarian and foreign, 629

  slums, 90, 111, 132, 280, 342, 366, 465, 481, 510

  Smith, William Benjamin, American educator (1850-?934), 554

  Smyrna, see Tralles

  Soaemias, Julia, daughter of Julia Maesa and mother of Elagabalus (?-222), 623-625

  soap, 375

  social service, 371

  Social War, 79, 122, 125, 146, 182

  Socrates, Athenian philosopher (469-399 B.C.), 104,
258, 306, 491, 557, 646

  Socrates, brother of Nicomedes III (fl. 1st century B.C.), 518

  soil, 76, 77, 238, 319-321, 339, 456, 457, 404, 476, 482, 511, 513, 631, 665

  Soissons (anc. Noviodunum), 177, 471*, 474

  solarium, 343

  Solomon, King of the Jews (reigned 974-937 B.C.), 530

  Solon, Athenian lawgiver (638?-559? B.C.), 23, 32, 83, 392, 405

  Solway Firth, 417, 476

  soothsaying, 60, 63-64, 147, 164, 197, 243, 278, 292, 308, 311, 388, 419, 429, 485, 514, 537, 559, 624

  Sophistic, Second, 488-489

  Sophists, 497, 515

  Sophists of the Dinner Table (Athenaeus of Naucratis), see Deipnosophists

  Soranus of Ephesus, Greek writer on medicine (fl. 98-138), 505

  Sorrento, see Surrentum

  Sorrows (Ovid), see Tristia

  Sotion, Pythagorean philosopher (fl. 1st century), 301

  soul, Lucretius on, 152;

  Seneca on, 304-305;

  Plotinus on, 608-610;

  Origen on, 615

  South Africa, 406

  Spain, 36, 39, 40, 43, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52-53, 54, 82, 86, 87-88, 96, 107, 111, 112, 113, 119, 126, 129, 136-137, 138, 169, 170, 176, 179, 183-184, 188, 189, 190, 192, 200, 217, 218, 219, 252, 283, 285, 308, 318, 319, 322, 323, 329, 330, 346, 348, 366, 406, 408, 410, 414, 417, 431, 468-470, 471, 472, 473, 475, 481, 513, 514, 521, 585, 590, 602, 632, 638, 669-670, 671

  Spalato (anc. Spalatum), 644

  Spanish, 73, 295

  Sparta, 87, 200, 387, 482, 487, 519, 534, 630

  Spartacus, slave leader (?-71 B.C.), 137-138

  Spartianus, Aelius, biographer (fl. 4th century), 414, 416, 419

  Spectaculis, De (Tertullian), 612-613

  speedometers, 356

  Spendius, Campanian slave and rebel leader (fl. 241-237 B.C.), 46

  Spenser, Edmund, English poet (1552?-1599), 258

  spinning, 58, 77, 213, 230, 321-322, 371

  Spinoza, Baruch, Dutch Jewish philosopher (1632-1677), 580

  Spinther, Publius, senator (fl. 1st century), 331

  spoils, 82-83, 87, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 103, 120, 123, 125, 129-130, 141, 169-170, 175-177, 183, 194, 196, 205, 211, 213, 219, 261, 287, 288, 293, 331, 349, 365, 410, 482, 543, 546, 623, 629

  sports, see athletics, games Sporus, youth married by Nero (1st century), 282

  Spring, 354

  Spurinna Vestritius, soothsayer (fl. 1st century B.C.), 197

  Stabiae (Castellammare di Stabia), 354

  stadiums, 360, 362, 378, 382, 487

  stage, see theater

  statio, 324

  Statius, Publius Papinius, poet (ca. 61-ca. 96), 289, 291, 295, 315-318, 335, 370, 456

  statuary, see sculpture Statue of Liberty, 351*

  Steele, Sir Richard, English essayist and dramatist (1672-1729), 304

  stenography, 466

  Stephanos (Meleager), 509

  Stephen I, Roman Pope (reigned 254-257), 618

  Stephen, first Christian martyr (?-3o?), 576, 580

  Sterculus, 59

  sterility, 212, 229, 366, 449, 480, 482, 666

  Stertinius, Quintus, physician (fl. 1st century), 312

  Stilicho, general (?-408), 358

  Stoa, Zeno’s, 421, 490, 497

  Stoicism, 63, 95, 97, 135, 141, 144, 154*, 164, 165, 166, 190, 196, 249, 250, 274, 279, 286, 292, 300-307, 335, 370, 389, 392, 405, 409, 415, 422, 425-427, 431, 432, 449, 485, 489-494, 496, 497, 502, 514, 521-522, 541, 588, 594, 598, 602, 613, 614, 658, 671

  stoicism, 57, 68, 88, 133, 154*, 225, 230, 251, 260, 274, 282, 301, 307, 408, 426, 468, 667

  Stone Age, New, 4, 11, 471

  Stone Age, Old, 4, 468, 471

  Strabo, Greek geographer (63 B.C.?-A.D. 24?), 321, 329, 347, 424, 455, 468, 471, 477, 473, 483, 513, 514, 516, 520-521, 546

  Strabo of Sardis, Greek anthologist (fl. 50 B.C.), 509*

  Strasbourg, see Argentoratum

  Strategamata (Frontinus), 328

  Strauss, David Friedrich, German rationalistic theologian (1808-1874), 553

  streets, Roman, 81, 281, 341-342, 477, 633;

  of Italy, 461;

  of Petra, 508;

  of Antioch, 512;

  of Rhodes, 514;

  of Ephesus, 515

  strikes, 80, 499

  Stromateis (Origen), 614

  Styx, 522

  Sublicius, Pons, 327

  Sublime, On the (Longinus), 636

  Subura, the, 167, 341-342

  Succubo, 425

  Suessiones, 175, 471*

  Suetonius Tranquillus, Caius, historian (70?-121?), 167, 188, 197, 212, 215, 218, 221, 227, 228, 261, 264, 266, 267, 272, 275, 280*, 283, 286, 287, 293, 350, 414, 441, 554

  Suez, 521

  Sufetula, 465

  suicide, 190, 203, 207-208, 218, 240, 262, 264, 282, 284, 296, 300, 301, 306-307, 311, 371, 386, 398-399, 422, 478, 489, 516, 623, 654

  Suilius, Publius, delator (fl. 1st century), 302-303

  Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (Felix), dictator (138-78 B.C.), 31, 91, 92, 119, 122-127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 134, 138, 139-140, 141, 142, 167, 168, 169, 170, 189, 195, 211, 391, 448, 457, 483, 519

  Sulmo (Soloma), 253-254, 257, 455

  Sulpicia, poetess (fl. end of 1st century), 370

  Sulpicius Rufus, Publius, orator (124-88 B.C.), 122-123, 160

  Sun, Temple of the, 511-512, 639

  sundial, 66, 308

  suovetaurilia, 64

  superstition, 60, 61, 93-94, 118, 123, 147-148, 228, 251, 269, 292, 308, 311, 368, 388, 415, 425, 442, 485, 500, 515, 517, 522, 599

  Sura, Lucius Licinius, aristocrat (fl. 1st and 2nd centuries), 408

  Surena, Parthian general (fl. 54 B.C.), 529

  surgery, in Etruria, 6;

  under Rome, 75-76, 104, 312-313, 412, 505

  Surrentine wine, 456

  Surrentum (Sorrento), 322, 456, 457

  Susa, 606

  Susannah, 539

  Swift, Jonathan, English satirist (1667-1745), 671

  Switzerland, 175, 471, 474

  Symmachus, Samaritan Bible translator (fl. late 2nd century), 614

  syphilis, 311

  Syracuse, 38, 44, 51, 52, 92, 107, 141, 464, 546

  Syria, 88, 89, 107, 130, 131, 140, 170, 176, 178, 187, 200, 204; 205, 247, 297, 298, 310, 320, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333, 347*, 364-365, 366, 381, 390, 413, 428, 431, 487, 495, 500, 510-513, 522-523, 531, 532, 535, 543, 544-545, 546, 558, 577, 588, 595, 601, 602, 603, 606, 620, 623-625, 627, 629, 630, 633, 636, 639, 651

  Syriac, 187, 495, 604, 630

  “Syrian Athens” (Meleager), 509

  T

  Tabenne, 657

  Tabitha, raised from death by Peter (1st century), 577

  taboos, 60

  Tacapae (Gabes), 465

  Tacitus (Marcus Claudius Tacitus), Roman emperor (ca. 200-276), 639

  Tacitus, Caius Cornelius, historian (ca. 55- ca. 120), 15$, 160, 224, 261-265, 267, 272, 273*, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280*, 281, 285, 289, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 303, 306, 314, 315, 322, 365, 366, 387, 433-437, 439, 440, 441, 442, 447, 463, 476, 478-479, 543, 544, 545, 546, 554, 557, 572, 612, 636, 639, 671

  Tacitus, Cornelius, procurator and father of Tacitus (fl. 1st century), 433

  Tagus, 318, 469, 470

  Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe, French historian and critic (1828-1893), 251

  Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de, Prince de Bénévent, French statesman (1754-1838), 195

  Talmud, 548, 549, 554, 580, 606

  Tammuz, 523

  Tanagra, 601

  Tanaquil, wife of the first Tarquín (fl. 6th century B.C.), 7, 14

  Tangier (anc. Tingis), 39, 464, 466, 468

  Tanith, 41-42

  tanning, 322

  Tantalus, 245

  Tarentum (Taranto), 35, 37, 38, 74, 78, 97, 116, 133, 188, 297, 377, 455

  tariffs, 80-81

  Tarpeia, daughter of governor (8th century B.C.), 13


  Tarpeian Rock, 13, 199, 400

  Tarquin (Lucius Tarquinius Priscus), fifth King of Rome (fl. 7th and 6th centuries B.C.), 7, 14, 18, 82, 358

  Tarquin, Sextus, son of Tarquin the Proud (fl. 6th century B.C.), 16

  Tarquin the Proud (Lucius Tarquinius Superbus), seventh King of Rome (fl. 6th century B.C.), 15-17

  Tarquinii (Corneto), 5, 8, 14, 35, 461

  Tarracina (Terracina), 411

  Tarraco, see Tarragona

  Tarraconensis, 470

  Tarragona (anc. Tarraco), 417, 470, 650

  Tarsus, 203, 204, 329, 513, 546, 579, 581, 582, 629

  Tartarus, 147, 240, 456

  Tartessus, 39, 40, 469

  Tasso, Torquato, Italian poet (1544-1595), 258, 637, 671

  Tatius, Titus, King of the Sabines (8th century B.C.), 13

  Taurini, 454

  Tauromenium (Taormina), 464

  Taurus, Statilius, general (fl. end of 1st century B.C.), 361

  Taurus, 298

  Taurus Mountains, 513

  taverns, see drinking taxation, in Carthage, 54;

  in Judea, 532;

  under Rome, 51, 58, 68, 80-81, 89, 91, 103, 116-117, 120, 126, 129, 139-141, 170, 192-194, 203-204, 205, 207, 211, 213, 217, 220-221, 224, 227, 261, 265, 267, 269, 275-276, 287-288, 290, 330, 336, 337, 368, 373, 398, 407, 409, 415, 416, 423, 427, 432, 448, 462-463, 464, 482, 483, 487, 498, 499, 532, 543, 547, 548, 620, 622, 627, 628, 631-633, 642-645, 656, 665, 667-668

  Teiresias, 497

  Telamon, 47

  Telephus, 354

  Tellus (Terra Mater), 59, 348, 350*; feast for, 59

  tempera, 352

  temples, Etruscan, 9;

  Carthaginian, 40, 41, 42, 465, 469;

  under Rome, 62, 64, 79, 81-82, 92, 193, 219, 225, 226, 268, 269, 279, 280, 287, 290-291, 335, 339, 340, 347, 351, 352, 357-359, 362, 363, 369, 371, 381, 388, 418-421, 423, 425, 426-427, 440, 453, 455, 456, 458, 459, 460-461, 464, 465, 466, 470, 473, 476, 477, 480, 498-500, 508-509, 511-512, 513, 515, 516, 519, 522, 601, 606, 621, 625, 626, 648, 650, 656

  tenant farmers, 77, 104, 111, 319-320, 631, 644

  tenuiores, 332

  Terence (Publius Terentius Afer), comic dramatist (190?-159? B.C.), 90, 97, 98, 99, 101-102

  Terentia, wife of Cicero (fl. 1st century B.C.), 141, 163

  Tergeste (Trieste), 455

  Terme, Museo delle, 348*, 349, 350, 351

  Terminus, 59

  Terpnos, Nero’s musician (fl. 1st century), 278

  Terracina (anc. Anxur), 297

  terra cottas, 18, 82, 347-348

  terramaricoli, 4-5

  Terra Mater, see Tellus

  Tertia, wife of Cassius and daughter of Servilia, q.v. (1st century B.C.), 168

  Tertia, sister of Publius Clodius Pulcher and wife of Lucullus (1st century B.C.), 172-173

 

‹ Prev