A Companion to Late Antique Literature
Page 92
and paganism 261, 263, 269, 270
Protestantism 173, 603, 608
as religion of translation 64
and Roman Empire 4, 87, 404, 506, 508
Christodorus of Coptus 224, 247, 249
Christology 47, 48, 49, 51, 52
Chromatius of Aquileia 170
Chronici canones (Eusebius) 183
Chronici canones (Jerome) 184
Chronicle of Arbela 55
Chronicle of Edessa 55, 56
Chronicle of Fredegar (Gregory of Tours) 592
Chronicle of Joshua 56
Chronicle of Zuqnin 55, 56
chronicles 37–38, 177–192 see also specific chronicles
consularia 178–182
definitions 177–178
following sixth century 187–188
Greek historiography 14
and history 143
Syriac historiography 55
typical late antique 183–187
Chronicon Paschale 186, 188
Chronographia (Theophanes) 180, 183
Chronographia Golenischevensis 181
Chrysostom, Dio 203–204
Chrysostom, John 62, 335, 354, 410 and Byzantium period 559, 560
On the Priesthood 350, 353
and sermons 343, 344, 346, 347, 349, 350–351, 352
Church Fathers 79, 336, 339, 441, 535 and Byzantium period 559–560, 564, 565
and early modern receptions of late antique literature 597, 598, 603–604, 606, 607
Egyptian 566
church history 92, 153, 164, 165, 167, 169, 172 see also ecclesiastical history
Church History (Eusebius) 328, 333
Church of St. Polyeuctus 251
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem 362
Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem 362
Cicero 31, 195, 212, 215, 525, 526, 592, 605 Epistles 615
and letters/letter collections 389, 391, 393–395, 397–398
Circus Maximus 254
City of God (Augustine) 614–615
classicizing of history/historical epitomes 143–159
classroom practice 479–484
Claudian, works of 29, 32, 195, 209, 254, 529, 632 De raptu Proserpinae 230, 588–589
epic poetry 223, 228–229, 230
epigrams and occasional poetry 245, 246, 247, 254, 255
and Gibbon 613, 615, 616
Claudius Gothicus II 214
Claudius II (r. 268–270) 145
Claudius Mamertinus 210, 216
von Clausewitz, Carl 497
Clemens, Aurelius Prudentius 233
Clement of Alexandria 162, 261, 332
Codex Gregorianus 418
Codex Hermogenianus 418
Codex of Visions 225, 262
Colet, John (1467–1519) 602
Collected Discourses (Gregory the Illuminator) 81
Collectio Avellana (collections of papal letters) 35
Colluthus 222, 224
Columba (Celtic poet) 256
Comes, Marcellinus 38
Cominianus 454
Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca (CAG) 305
commentaries 6 Avesta, on 106–107, 111
biblical 313–325 Syriac literature 48–49
covering a whole work 303–305
defining the commentator 307–309
determining what counts as commentary 298
and exegesis 299–300
formal 299
philosophical 297–312 background 297–299
discursive evaluation 302
essays and short lectures 302
forms 300–305
isagogical issues 300
paraphrase 302–303
partial or selective comments 303
summary 302–303
techniques and strategies 305–307
“running” 299, 300, 303–305
scriptural 345
Commentary on Aristotle’s Categories (Sergius of Reshaina) 54, 57
Commentary on Aristotle’s Categories (Simplicius) 303
Commentary on Aristotle’s Physics (Simplicius) 302
Commentary on Plato’s Theaetetus 298
Commentary on The Dream of Scipio (Macrobius) 290
Commentary on the Gospel of St. John (Cyril of Alexandria) 264, 315
Common Era 473
Commonitorium, The (Orientius) 33, 272
competition 494–496
compilations see also abbreviated texts; condensed texts
Florilegium 439–441
forms 442–443
transformation of texts into new and condensed forms 443–445
Complaint of Nature (Alan of Lille) 282
Concerning Iconoclasm (Vrt’anes K’ertol) 81
condensed texts 435, 437–439 transformation of original texts into condensed forms 443–445
Conferences (Cassian) 39
Confessio of Patrick 40
Confessions (Augustine) 264, 374, 375, 376, 525, 616, 639
Conrad of Hirsau 588
Consentius 452, 453, 459 De barbarismis et metaplasmis 459, 463–464
Consolation of Philosophy (Boethius) 32, 282, 284, 289, 291, 584, 588 extraordinary verses 285–287
consolation of temporality 285
Constans 211
Constantina 269
Constantine Porphyrogenitus 145, 146
Constantine the Great (272–337) (Emperor, 306–337) 37, 94, 334, 343, 362, 380 and inscriptions 506, 510
legal texts 421, 423–426
letter about Proculus 510, 512, 514, 515, 517, 518, 519
Constantinople 148, 170, 179, 197, 216, 261, 348, 353, 383, 432, 563 and antiquarian literature 541, 549
and Armenia/Armenian literature 80, 83
Councils 183, 335, 408, 409, 411, 543
elite 245
and epic poetry 224, 227
and epigrams/occasional poetry 246, 252
and epistolography 393, 394
foundation 557
and Georgia/Georgian literature 94, 100
and Greek language/literary works 13, 16
hippodrome 542
Justinian 153, 262
and Latin literature 30, 34, 38
law schools 528
monuments 265
Patriarch of 17, 250
and pseudepigraphy 409, 411
Constantius 39–40, 152, 211, 216, 621
Constantius Chlorus 427
Constantius II 149, 150, 437
consularia 178–182
Consularia Caesaraugustana 182, 186
Consularia Italica 178–182, 186
Consularia Marsiburgensia 181–182
Consularia Scaligeriana 180–181
Consularia Vindobonensia 180, 181, 182
Conte, Gian Biagio 288
Contra Celsum (Origen, 248 CE) 12, 333
Contra Symmachum (Prudentius) 255, 269, 272
Conversion of K’art’li 92–95, 98
Coptic language and literary culture 61–74 see also Shenoute (Coptic author, 347–465); White Monastery (near Panopolis)
church history 165
codices 64–65
early Coptic manuscripts 64
and Greek language/literary works 10–11, 63, 66, 71
history 62–63
meaning of “Coptic literature” 63
Nag Hammadi, codices discovered at 65
Old Coptic (traditional Egyptian religion) 63, 64
original 66–71
origins of Coptic literature, and translation 64–66
problems with Coptic manuscripts 62–63
and pseudepigraphy 411
replacement of Coptic with Arabic as language of Coptic Christians 62
Scriptures 532
syntax 68
translation 64–66
copying of manuscripts 601
Corippus, Flavius Cresonius (African poet) 30, 32, 209, 229, 245, 246
Cornelius Tacitus 144, 149
Corpus Areopagiticum/Dionysiacum 411<
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Corti, Maria 391
Cosmas Indicopleustes 14, 367–368
Council of Chalcedon 47, 61, 409 Christian theological literature 336, 337
Fourth Ecumenical (451) 94, 169
opposition to 63, 70, 71, 394, 560
Council of Constance 603
Council of Constantinople 335
Council of Ephesus 409, 529
Council of Nicaea 334, 409
Council of Trullo 409
Cox, Patricia 379
Creation, the 34, 50, 170, 256 biblical commentary 317, 318, 319, 321
chronicles 182, 184
epic poetry 231, 232
Creed, the 49
Crete, conquest of (960–961) 562
Cretensis, Dictys 444
Cribiore, Raffaella 482, 484
Croke, Brian 186
Crucifixion 268
cultural texts, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) literature 112–113
Cupid and Psyche (Apuleius) 291
Cʻurtaveli, Iakob 89
Cynic‐Stoic diatribe 346, 347
Cyprian (Heptateuch Poet) 34, 40
Cyprian of Antioch, St. (Eudocia) 227, 242, 264
Cyprian of Carthage 334
Cyprian of Gaul 314, 317, 322, 601
Cyril of Alexandria 80, 264, 336, 337
Cyrillona 50
Cyrus of Panopolis 246
Cyrus the Great 75
al‐Ḍabbī of Kūfa, al‐Muafaḍḍal ibn Muḥammad (d. 780or 786) 133
Dādestān ī Dēnīg 110
Daia, Maximinius 409
Damascus (ca. 458–538) 302
Damasus, Pope (ca. 305–384) 269
Damian (578–607), patriarchate of 63, 71
Daniel of Tur Abdin 171
Dante 108
Dares of Frigia 37, 40
Darial Gate 88
Darius the Great 75
Das systematische Lehrbuch (Fuhrmann) 492
Day of Judgment 262
De barbarismis et metaplasmis (Consentius) 459, 463–464
de Gourmont, Remy 631
De medicamentis (Empiricus) 495, 498, 499
De principiis (Origen) 332–333, 334, 339
De raptu Proserpinae (Claudian) 230, 588–589
De Reditu Suo (Rutilius Namatianus) 32–33, 367
De Viris Illustribus (Jerome) 162, 328, 329, 333, 377
De vita sua (Gregory of Nazianzus) 374, 377
decadent and aesthetic late antique literature 628–633
Deipnosophists (Athenaeus) 284, 289
Demosthenes 316, 558
Denkard (Acts of Religion) 107, 111, 114
Descriptio Consulum 178, 179, 182, 184, 186, 188
Description of St. Sophia (Paul the Silentiary) 264
Description of the Ambo of St. Sophia (Paul the Silentiary) 265
Desiderius of Cahors (d. ca. 655) 35
Deuteronomy 69
Dexippus, Publius Herennius (of Athens) 145, 146, 147, 148
Dialogus super Auctores (Conrad of Hirsau) 588
Diatessaron of Tatian 48, 533
dictionaries 106, 113, 585
didactic poems/texts 110, 225, 255, 263
Didascalia Apostolorum 138, 408–409
Digest 419, 529
Dillon, John 300, 422, 423, 424
Dio, Cassius 145, 148
Diocletian (284–305) 28, 409, 418, 508 Edict on Maximum Prices 421, 507, 514
Diodore (theologian of the East Syriac Church) 49, 50, 54, 335
Diodorus of Aphrodito 245
Diogenes the Cynic 572
Diomedes 452, 454, 460, 461, 463
Dionysiaca (Nonnos of Panopolis) 13, 221
Dionysius of Halicarnassus 196
Dioscoros of Aphrodito 224
Dioscorus of Alexandria 70, 266
Diphilus 210
Disticha Catonis/Dicta Catonis 255, 407
Divinarum institutionum libri vii (Lactantius) 333, 334, 587
Divine Comedy (Dante) 108
Doctrine of Addai 47, 55
Donatio Constantini 411
Donatism 171
Donato, Antonio 285–286
Donatus 458, 459, 460 Ars maior/Ars minor 452, 453, 454, 455, 465
Donner, Fred 136
Doody, Aude 496
Dositheus 462
Dracontius (ca. 455–505) 30, 34, 272, 273, 590
Draxt ī Asūrīg (The Assyrian Tree) 108
Dream of Scipio (Cicero) 31
Drepanius, Pacatus 215
Droge, Arthur J. 138
Dronke, Peter 281
Drueger, Derek 377
Dura Europos 365
early modern period humanism 597, 598, 599, 600
Jerome (Saint) 604–608
late ancient texts, encountering in context of 599–604
reception of late antique literature in 597–610
Eberhard the German 588, 589
ecclesiastical history 161–175 Armenian literature 79–81
biography 166
conflict 38
development 168–173
genre 163–166
hagiography 166
origins 162–163
preservation of texts 168
and theology 166–167
Ecclesiastical History (Eusebius of Caesarea) 55, 70, 164, 171, 378
Eclogarum in libros historicos Veteris Testamenti epitome (Procopius of Gaza) 441
Eclogues 244
Edessa 171, 362, 382 archives 53
dialect 532, 533
School of the Persians in 51, 52, 56
and Syriac literature 47, 50–53, 55, 56
Edict of Milan (313) 409
Edict on Maximum Prices (Diocletian) 421, 507, 514
editions inscriptions 508–510
printed 602
Edwards, M.J. 374
Egeria 39, 362
Egypt see also Coptic language and literary culture
10‐day week 542
Bohairic language 64
church 70
Church Fathers 566
Egyptian monks 66
Hellenistic 528
monastic life 481
monks of 381
Olympiodorus of Thebes 154
papyri 10, 524
traditional religion (Old Coptic) 63, 64
Ehrman, Bart D. 401, 408
Eight Books of Miracles (Gregory of Tours) 592
EKG (Enmannsche Kaisergeschichte) 149, 150, 184, 438
ekphrastic poems 224
Elean Olympics 203
elegiacs 248, 249, 250, 255, 587, 588
Elias Of Merw 172
Eliot, T.S. 634
Elishe 82
eloquentia (speaking well) 500
Elpidius, Rusticus 250
ELQ (Evangelium libri quattuor) (Juvencus) 230
Emmel, Stephen 68
Empedocles 297
Empiricus, Marcellus 495, 498, 499
encomiastic poetry 248
encomium (praise of individuals) 194, 205
encyclopedias 107, 145, 248, 256, 289, 442, 465, 550, 561, 585 abbreviated and condensed texts 438, 439
Endelechius 271, 272
Enipeus 199
Enmann, Alexander 149
Enmannsche Kaisergeschichte (EKG) 149, 150, 184, 438
Enneads (Plotinus) 12
Ennodius of Pavia (473/474–521) 27, 29, 35, 248, 253, 254, 273, 284, 437, 590
Ephemeris Belli Troiani (Dictys of Crete) 406
Ephereridos (Dictys of Crete) 37
Ephrem Syrus (d. 373) 47–50, 51, 52, 53, 80
Epic Cycle 222
epic poetry 221–240, 321 Christian 264–265
Greek epic 221–227
Latin 227–233
epic texts, Pahlavi (Middle Persian) literature 110–111
epideictic oratory 193–208 defining ‘epideictic,’ 194–195
epitaphios (prose eulogy) 202
epithalamium 198–200
festal oration 197, 202–204
> geographical texturing 198–199
monody 200–201
persuasion 205
praise and blame 211
prose 193
pure display 196
rhetoric 194, 212
social aspects 196–197
sophistry 204–205
speeches as a literary genre 197
topoi 196, 201
Epigramma Paulini 272
epigrammatists 252, 253
epigrams 242, 249, 251–253, 254, 256, 376, 524 and Christian poetry 264, 269
epigraphic poems 251, 253–254
Epiphanius of Salamis 66, 80, 335
epistolary collections 245
epistolography 389–400, 492 see also Abar Ēwēnag ī Nāmag Nibēsišnīh (On the Manner of Book/Letter Writing)
Ars dictaminis (art of letter writing) 590
complexity 389
Constantine’s letter about Proculus 510, 512, 514, 515, 517, 518, 519
forged letters 410
innovation individual letter 396–398
late antique letter collection 394–396
late antiquity as Golden Age 390
Latin 34–36
letter collections 10, 389, 394–396 Roman letter collections in later period 390–394
macrotext 391, 395
misconduct 393
papal letters 35
senatorial 398
Syriac literature 54–55
travel/pilgrimage literature 360–362
epitaphios (prose eulogy) 202
epitaphios logos (“funeral speech”) tradition 212
epithalamia 30, 198–200, 247, 248
Epitoma (Vegetius) 497
Epitoma rei militaris (Renatus) 497
Epitomē of Theophrastus’ On Sense Perception (Priscian) 303
Epitomē of Theophrastus’ Physics (Simplicius) 303
epitomes, historical 6, 36, 143–159, 443–445
Erasmus, Desiderius (1466–1536) 205, 604–608
Eriugena, John Scotus 12, 338