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Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State

Page 80

by Mark Lawrence


  Potemkin (warship), 175

  Potemkin village, 173

  Poti, 314

  poverty, 13, 16, 27, 128–133, 136–138, 141, 176–177, 207, 218, 223, 295, 308–309, 314, 321–322, 331, 351

  Prague Spring, 257

  Pravda, 66, 146, 210, 212, 216–217, 223, 263, 269, 376

  Preobrazhensky regiment, 39–42, 54–56, 204

  Pressburg, 42, 151

  price liberalization, 308, 312

  Primakov, Evgeny, 349, 387

  Primary Chronicle, 77

  Princip, Gavrilo, 178

  Printz, M., 46

  privatization, 306, 309, 312, 338–339

  prohibition, 16–18, 140, 170, 177–197, 204–214, 232, 271, 279, 313, 316, 338, 386

  and discontent, 189–190, 214, 279, 283–284, 368–369

  proletariat, 10, 17, 127, 138, 140, 147, 208

  prostitution, 136, 157, 182

  Protasyev, 89

  Provincial Sketches, 95, 105

  Provisional Government, 189, 193, 199–201

  Prussia, 46, 50, 53, 55–56, 76, 150

  Pryzhov, Ivan, xiv, 119

  Pskov, 73, 317–318, 345, 357

  Pskovalko, 317

  Puck (magazine), 165

  Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 20

  Pugo, Boris, 289, 291

  Pulitzer Prize, 249, 274, 333

  Putin. Corruption, 372

  Putin, Spiridon, 343–344

  Putin, Vladimir Spiridonovich, 344

  Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, xii, 18, 63, 92, 306, 336, 339, 352, 356, 465n4

  and alcohol-control, 353–356, 366, 372, 376, 382–383, 390

  and corruption, 92–93, 110, 345, 354, 356, 372

  first presidential term, xii, 339, 344–345, 348–350, 355, 387

  interest in judo, 344, 354–355, 358, 372–373, 378–379

  as prime minister in Medvedev government, 361–362, 372, 376–379

  reforms of, 339–352, 371, 389

  second presidential term, xii, 343, 350–352, 355, 361–362

  shashlik agreement of, 342–343

  and stability, 345–347, 350–351, 360, 363, 371, 389

  third presidential term, 92, 369, 376–377, 379–380, 383, 387, 390

  upbringing of, 343–344, 361, 378

  Putina, Lyudmila, 344

  Putina, Maria, 344

  Putinka, 356–357

  Rakhmetov, 131, 145

  Raleigh, Donald J. 290–291

  rape, 7, 24, 33, 137, 153, 234, 276, 332

  raskolniki, 106

  Raskolnikov, 136–137

  Rasputin, Grigory, 178

  Razumikhin, 136

  Razumovsky, Kirill, 55–56

  Reagan, Ronald, 259, 274–275, 285–286, 333

  “Reaganology,” 274–275, 285

  Rechabites. See Independent Order of Rechabites

  Red Cross, International Committee of the, 162, 208, 309

  redemption tax, 123

  Red Guard, 198, 203–204

  Red Square, 80, 215, 219, 249, 258

  red terror, 205

  Reed, John, 203

  refugees, 205

  Renaissance Capital, 372

  Remnick, David, 242, 295, 378

  Repin, Ilya, 33

  Repnin, Mikhaylo, Prince, 31

  requisitioning, 104, 111, 205–210, 228, 269

  respiratory disease, 258–259, 275, 352

  restaurants, 157, 175, 180–181, 190, 200, 210, 257, 281–282, 391, 430n39

  revenue extraction, xiii, 17, 79–81, 85, 89–126, 145–146, 149, 176–180, 186, 192–196, 210–214, 226, 240–247, 266–267, 283, 312, 316–318, 347, 369, 371, 375, 384

  revenue trap, 318, 347

  revolution, 16–18, 37, 49, 54–59, 117–121, 129–130, 143–148, 221, 288–290

  Revolution of 1905, 147, 168–169, 174–178, 189, 204

  Reynolds, Albert, 301–302

  Rhodes Scholarship, 211

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 3–5, 28, 300

  Richard the Lionheart, 78

  Rich, Marc, 358

  Riga, 118, 195

  Roaring Twenties (film), 212

  Rodionov, Boris, 66, 79

  Rogers, Will, 216, 226–227, 391–392

  Roki Tunnel, 314

  Romania, 155

  Romanov, Aleksandr, 341

  Romanov dynasty, 36, 48, 170–176, 179, 182–184, 189, 199, 279

  Romanov, Grigory, 259–264, 269, 272, 273, 447n62

  Rome, 27, 70, 77, 78, 94, 327

  Romm, Mikhail, 21, 23

  Romodanovsky, Fyodor, 42–43, 45–46

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 233, 395n16

  Roosevelt, Teddy, 167

  Ropsha, 57

  Rosalkogolregulirovanie (RAR), 373, 375

  Rosenbusch, Butenant von, 37–38

  Rosling, Hans, 310, 322, 324

  Rosneft, 340

  RosPil.info, 365

  Rossiisky Kredit Bank, 358

  Rosspirtprom, 340–341, 346, 354–358, 366, 372–376, 387

  Rostopchin, Fyodor, 152

  Rostov-on-Don, 211

  Rostovtsev, Yakov, 122

  Rotenberg, Arkady, 354–358, 372–373

  Rotenberg, Boris, 355

  Roxburgh, Angus, 266, 271

  Rozhestvensky, Zinovy, 163–164, 167–168

  rubbing alcohol, 19

  rubella, 329

  rule of law, 109, 363–364, 386

  rum, 70, 116, 166, 191

  rural–urban trade, 195–196, 205, 223, 225

  Rurik dynasty, 34, 36

  Russia, 3, 15, 19, 43, 68, 131, 212, 292, 321, 323–325, 340, 344

  baptism of. See Russian Orthodox church, conversion of Slavs to

  literature in, 18, 129–133, 139–140, 237–248

  opinion polls in, xi–xii, 3, 91, 190, 362, 368, 389

  as viewed by foreigners, xi, 28, 113–115, 120, 159, 161–162, 167–168, 180, 195, 208–209, 249–253, 300, 401n7

  Russia, Forward! 360, 372

  Russian Christian Labor Temperance Organization. See All-Russian Labor Union of Christian Teetotalers

  Russian Civil War (1917–1922), 15, 201, 205–206, 210, 232

  “Russian cross,” 326–333

  See also Demographics, post-Soviet crisis

  Russian empire. See imperial Russia

  Russian Federation, 25, 113, 283, 287, 291, 303, 321

  Academy of Sciences of, 364

  Accounts Chamber of, 355, 357–358

  Anti-Monopoly Agency of, 365

  Border Service of, 314–315

  control of alcohol in, 312–319, 346, 353–356, 366–375

  corruption in, 92–93, 110, 312–316, 319–320, 345–346, 351, 356, 360, 364–365, 379–380, 383

  debt default of (1998), 306, 318, 320, 344–345

  economic collapse of (1990s), 292–297, 304, 307

  and economic recovery, 345–346, 351–352, 364

  election protests in, xii, 92, 379–380

  Federal Security Service (FSB) of, 344, 462n28

  financial reliance on petrochemicals, 320, 340–341, 345, 352–354, 360–364, 371, 374–376, 383–384, 389

  financial reliance on vodka, 312, 318–320, 340–341, 356, 372, 374, 384, 389

  Interior Ministry of, 303, 343, 366

  media freedom in, 306–307, 320, 342, 349–350, 379

  migration in, 380–381, 383

  military in, 151, 296–297, 303–304, 336, 348, 363–364

  Ministry of Agriculture of, 314, 319

  Ministry of Defense of, 296–297, 303, 352–353

  Ministry of Finance of, 354, 357, 364, 373–377, 382, 387–388

  Ministry of Health and Social Development of, 365, 368, 370, 373, 375

  Ministry of Trade of, 316, 355

  National Sports Foundation of, 315

  Presidential Administration of, 351, 361, 367

  Public Chamber of, 367

  regionalism in, 133, 283, 300–304, 306, 317–320 />
  Security Council of, 351

  State Council of, 351, 354, 367

  Tax Police Service of, 316, 339, 341, 345, 357

  “virtual economy” of, 319–323

  1995–6 elections in, 299, 304–306, 312, 348

  1999–2000 elections in, xii, 63, 306, 339–340, 349

  2007–8 elections in, 349–350, 362–364, 375

  2011–2012 elections in, xii, 92, 364, 376, 379, 387

  Russian Judo Federation, 358

  Russian Orphan Opportunity Fund (ROOF), xvi

  Russian Orthodox church, 17, 27–29, 38, 42, 50, 77–78, 82, 85, 108, 118–119, 139, 177, 193, 315, 327

  conversion of Slavs to, 77–78, 134, 255, 290, 384

  corruption and, 104–108, 315

  drinking and, 85–89, 104–108, 118–119, 139–140, 213

  Russian Revolution. See Bolshevik Revolution

  Russians of To-Day, 125

  Russkaya mysl (magazine), 250

  Russo-Japanese War, 160–168, 174, 179, 186–187

  Rutskoi, Aleksandr, 295–297, 302

  Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 267, 271, 280–281, 294

  Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 372

  SABMIller, 374

  Sakhalin Island, 167

  Sakharov, Andrei, 241–242, 245, 257, 264–268, 296

  Sakharov, Dmitry, 291

  Salerno, 71

  salt, 27, 403n40

  salt tax, 54, 95, 109, 112–113

  Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mikhail, 95, 105

  Samara, 177, 206, 211

  sambo, 378

  samizdat, 241–244

  Samson-Himmelstjerna, Hermann von, 108–109

  samogon. See vodka, home-brewed (samogon)

  San Francisco Bulletin, 200

  Sarajevo, 178

  Saratov, 135, 204

  Sardinia, 121, 155

  Saversky, Aleksandr, 365–366

  Save the Children Fund, 208

  Scandinavia, 27, 68, 75–76, 386

  Schaeken, Jos, xvi, 70

  Scherbov, Sergei, 381–382

  Schlüsselberg, 144

  “scissors crisis,” 225–227

  Sclavonians, 28

  Scotland, 62, 78

  Scottish Exchequer Roll, 62

  Scott, James C., 16–17

  scurvy, 109

  “Secret Speech.” See Khrushchev, Nikita, and de-Stalinization

  Segal, Boris, 85, 232

  Seglin, Boris, 66

  Semashko, Nikolai, 217–218

  Semenovsky regiment, 39–40, 204

  Sen, Amartya, 207

  Senegal, 92

  Serbia, 178

  serfdom. See imperial Russia, serfdom in

  Sergei Aleksandrovich, Grand Duke, 171–177

  Sergeyev Posad, 38, 319

  Sevastopol, 155–159, 162, 175

  Sevastopol Sketches, 157–158

  Seven Years’ War, 53

  Shannon, 301–302

  Shcherbakov, Aleksandr, 7

  Sheridan, Philip, 173

  Sherman, William Tecumseh, 173

  Shevardnadze, Eduard, 260, 272, 314

  Shevtsova, Lilia, 354, 390

  Shingarev, Andrei, 192–193

  Shinkevich, 220

  Shlapentokh, Dmitry, 191

  Shmelev, Nikolai, 283

  “shock therapy,” 295, 308, 321

  shoe polish, 190, 211, 282

  Shrovetide, 43–44

  Shushkevich, Stanislau, 292

  Siam, 163

  Siberia, 120, 135, 140, 143–145, 204, 228, 237, 258, 293

  Sierra Leone, 92

  Simpson, J. Y., 124

  Sioux tribe, 173

  sistema, 93, 99, 107–108, 343, 356, 373, 375

  Skuratov, Malyuta, 21, 32–33, 46

  Slavic Review, 64

  Slavkov u Brna, 151

  Slavs, 27, 68, 72, 77, 322–323, 382

  Smirnoff vodka, 66

  Smirnov, A. P., 68–70

  Smith, Hedrick, 249

  Smith, Michael David, 379

  smoking. See tobacco

  Smolensk, 103, 149, 154, 210

  Sobchak, Anatoly, 290, 344, 361

  Sobornoye Ulozhenie, 79, 113

  Sochi, 92, 299, 367–368, 378

  socialism, 10, 62, 117, 127–129, 135, 140–141, 175, 199–202, 236, 240, 260, 283, 308

  revolution in, 128–129, 135, 140, 143–148, 199–202, 221

  See also Marxism

  Socialist Revolutionary Party, 174

  social revolution, 129, 189, 221

  Society for the Struggle against Alcoholism (OBSA), 223–225, 263, 438n28

  Solidarity movement, 61, 66

  Solomentsev, Mikhail, 268–272, 279

  Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 237–242, 245, 257, 268

  Somalia, xii

  Sophia Alekseyevna, Regent, 38–39, 44, 54, 58

  Sophia Augusta Frederica. See Catherine II (the Great), Tsarina

  Soskovets, Oleg, 301

  soul tax. See poll tax

  South Ossetia, 363

  Sovetsky ekran (magazine), 228

  Soviet-Polish “vodka war,” 61–62, 65–67, 74, 408n27

  Soviet Union, 15–16, 62, 65, 113, 213–215, 236, 241, 249, 252–253, 262, 286, 29–294, 309, 323, 326, 351, 382, 391

  Academy of Sciences of, 61, 250–251, 276, 284

  administrative command economy, 15, 93, 222–230, 236, 254–256, 260–262, 265–266, 275–276, 284–285, 292, 295, 306, 313

  anti-alcohol campaign in, 262–285, 312–313, 333, 354, 367–372, 376

  armed forces of, 59, 61, 150, 230–236, 252, 260, 289, 302–303

  censorship in, 20, 61, 202, 237, 240, 248, 262, 265, 275, 288

  dissidents in, 61, 236–249, 253, 257, 264–265, 268, 360

  financial reliance on petrochemicals, 280–281

  financial reliance on vodka, 11–16, 66, 213, 219–223, 242, 252–254, 265–266, 270–273, 280–285, 312, 371–372

  gigantism in, 16, 227

  Gosplan of, 222–223, 247, 251, 271–272

  Higher Scientific Research Institute of the Fermentation Products Division of the Central Department of Distilling of the Ministry of the Food Industry of, 62

  Ministry of Finance, 247, 272, 280–281

  Ministry of Health, 251

  Ministry of Trade, 247, 313

  nationalist tensions in, 275, 283–285, 287

  and Red Army, 16, 61, 198, 203–205, 217, 228, 232–234, 237, 240, 298

  secret police in, 2, 4, 7, 21, 202, 205, 228–230

  stagnation in, 239–243, 254–256, 259–262, 265–266, 275–276, 291, 300, 306–307, 312

  temperance in, 211–212, 242, 263–273

  Union of Writers in, 240

  vodka monopoly in, 16, 32, 212, 216–223, 245, 252–254, 265–266, 312, 387–389

  worker discipline in, 201, 222–224, 230–234, 254, 257–260, 263, 267, 271, 276, 280

  wet/dry leadership divisions, 25, 242, 256–262, 266–273

  Sovnarkom. See Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom)

  Sovremennik (magazine), 130–133, 136

  Soyuzplodoimport, 62, 66, 342

  Spain, 71, 165, 331

  Spanish flu, 206, 310, 328

  Specter, Michael, 352

  spetskhran, 253

  Spirit of Laws, 75

  spirits. See distilled spirits

  sport, 171, 212, 254, 263–264, 268, 315, 344, 355

  Spotted Tail, 173

  squirrel, 369

  St. Basil’s Cathedral, 80, 295

  St. Nicholas Day, 85

  St. Paul, 131

  St. Petersburg, 11, 41–45, 49, 53–56, 59–60, 99, 130–131, 135–136, 143–147, 156, 160, 164, 167–169, 175, 177, 290, 344, 354, 375

  See also Leningrad, Petrograd

  St. Petersburg, University of, 144

  stabilnost. See Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, and stability

  Stalingrad, 231, 233, 234

  Stalin, Joseph, 1–11,
15–19, 22–24, 41, 46, 73, 109, 215–237, 240, 262, 309, 338, 408n26

  cult of personality, 23–24, 221, 237

  and “dizzy with success,” 229–230, 278

  drinking habits of, 2, 5–7, 230–233, 235, 307, 343, 394n3, 395n23

  forcing colleagues to drink, 2–9, 19, 231–233, 293

  and Ivan the Terrible (film), 20–24, 32

  love of movies, 20, 23

  parallels with Ivan the Terrible, 21–23, 30–32, 46

  reinstatement of vodka monopoly, 16, 32, 217–223, 227, 235, 267, 338, 387

  rise to power of, 217–220

  totalitarian reign of, 2–9, 15–16, 19, 20–24, 32, 202, 230, 235–236, 268

  Stalin Prize, 20, 30

  Stanford University, 130, 229

  Staraya Square, 351

  Staritsky, Vladimir, 21

  State Archives of the Russian Federation (GARF), 183, 225

  State Automobile Inspectorate, 97

  State Committee on the State of Emergency (GKChP), 59, 288–291, 296

  statecraft, 10–18, 25–26, 81–83, 90–91, 94, 109, 123, 127, 170, 189, 210–211, 241, 246–247, 262, 267, 312, 317–318, 323, 340, 384, 420n10

  Stavropol, 259–260

  Stepanakert, 284

  Stephanopolous, George, 300

  Stepniak, Sergei, 103

  stereotypes, xi, xiii, 75, 83

  Sterlitamak, 187, 208

  Stettin, 50

  Stoglav. See Hundred Chapters

  Stolichnaya, 62, 66, 313, 338, 408n26

  Stolypin, Pyotr, 177

  Strahlenberg, John von, 44

  strappado, 81

  Strekalov, General-Lieutenant, 99

  streltsy, 37–38, 46, 54

  stroke, 15, 58, 215–216, 331

  Strong, Anna Louise, 203, 217

  sugar, 70, 252, 271, 281

  suicide, 160–161, 229, 245, 265, 275, 282, 295, 352

  vodka and, 12, 131, 275, 309, 331–332, 367, 369

  Sukhomlinov, Vladimir, 186, 188, 429n35

  Supreme Privy Council, 54

  Suzdal, 77

  Sverdlov, Fyodor, 232

  Sverdlov, Yakov, 227

  Sverdlovsk. See Ekaterinburg

  Svirsky, Vladimir, 341–342

  Sweden, 44, 46, 53, 111, 164, 263, 310, 321, 384–385, 388

  Swedish Temperance Society, 385

  Switzerland, 320, 333

  syphilis, 276, 333

  Tafur, Pero, 72

  Talbott, Strobe, 300

  Talgar Gorge, 289

  Tallinn, 76

  Tambov, 120

  Tamerlane, 73

  tamizdat, 240

  tavern, xv, 9–10, 17, 32, 60, 72, 79–82, 87–91, 94, 99–105, 113, 115, 118–119, 123, 136, 140–142, 154, 157, 161, 164, 175, 178, 207, 385, 387

  tavern-keepers, 17, 82, 90, 94, 99–102, 108, 115, 123, 132–133, 385

  tavern revolts, 36, 120–121

  See also Liquor Tax Rebellion

  taxation, 16, 83, 84, 90–91, 99, 108, 112, 138, 142, 146, 185, 192, 312, 315–318, 341, 375–376

 

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