Through Our Enemies' Eyes

by Michael Scheuer

  “Message to Our Brothers in Iraq by Usama Bin Ladin, Leader of [the] al-Qaida Organization.” Al-Jazirah Space Channel Television, 11 February 2003.

  Meyers, Steven Lee. “Failed Plan to Bomb a U.S. Ship Reported.” New York Times, 10 November 2000.

  Michael, Maggie. “Al Qaeda-Linked Group Claims Egypt Attack.” Associated Press, 23 July 2005.

  “Militant Killed by Police Had Bin Ladin Letter.” Arab News (Internet version), 4 June 2003.

  “Militant Leader Urges Holy War on U.S., Israel.” Al-Rai Al-Amm, 9 July 1998.

  Miljus, D., and Hassan Haidar Diab. “Police Introduce Special Protective Measures because of Terrorist Threats.” Vecernji List, 2 November 2000.

  Milkov, George. “How the Top Terrorist Is Extending His Tentacles into Bulgaria.” Chasa, 21 March 1999.

  Miller, Bill. “$37.7 Billion for Homeland Defense Is a Start, Says Bush.” Washington Post, 25 January 2002.

  Miller, John. “Exclusive Interview with Osama Bin Laden: Talking with Terror’s Banker.” abcnews.com, 28 May 1998.

  — — —. “Greetings America: My Name Is Osama Bin Laden. Now That I Have Your Attention … A Conversation with the Most Dangerous Man in the World.” Esquire (Internet version) (February 1999).

  Miller, Judith, and Sarah Lyrell. “Hunting Bin Laden’s Allies, U.S. Extends Net to Europe.” New York Times, 21 February 2001.

  Mills, Donna. “New Counterterrorism Initiative to Focus on Saharan Africa,” http://www.defenselink.mil, 16 May 2005.

  “Mindanao Cops Have Photos of Saudi Tycoon.” Philippine Daily Inquirer (Internet version), 25 August 1998.

  Mintz, John. “Bin Laden’s Finances Are a Moving Target: Penetrating Empire Could Take Years.” Washington Post, 28 August 1998.

  Mir, Hamid. “The Attack on Maulana Samiul Haq.” Ausaf, 20 October 2001.

  — — —. “Interview of Osama Bin Laden.” Pakistan, 18 March 1997.

  — — —. “Osama Bin Laden Dares U.S. Commandos to Come to Afghanistan.” Pakistan, 6 July 1997.

  — — —. “Spate of Conspiracies.” Ausaf, 29 September 1999.

  — — —. “U.S. Using Chemical Weapons—Osama Bin Laden.” Ausaf, 10 November 2001.

  “MIRA Bulletin No. 253.” Movement for Islamic Reform in Arabia (Internet version), 19 February 2001.

  Miranda, Rose. “Philippine Military Monitoring NGOs Used by Bin Laden to Send Support to MILF.” Abante (Internet version), 23 June 2000.

  Mishwani, Iftikhar. “India and Israel Helping Northern Alliance, an Exclusive Interview with Afghanistan’s Information Minister, Mullah Amir Khan Motaqi.” Pakistan, 30 August 1999.

  Mohamedi, Abdallah Ould. “Interview with Mohamedu Ould Slahi.” Al-Sharq Al-Awast, 22 February 2000.

  — — —. “Mauritanians Pursue Afghan Organization, Inquire about Link with Bin Laden.” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 12 March 1999.

  Mohammed, Arshad. “World Terror Attacks Tripled in 2004 by U.S. Count,” www.washingtonpost.com, 26 April 2005.

  Molinari, Maurizio. “Bin Laden Has Bases in Somalia.” Le Stampa, 19 June 1999.

  Monshipouri, Mahmood. “The West’s Modern Encounter with Islam: From Discourse to Reality.” Journal of Church and State 40, no. 1 (Winter 1998): 25–56.

  Montero, David. “Quiet Bangladesh Woken by Bombs.” Christian Science Monitor, 18 August 2005.

  “Moscow Blast Death Toll Rises to 12.” Moscow NTV, 14 August 2000.

  “The Most Wanted Terrorist in the World.” Paris Match, 3 May 2001.

  Mounassar, Hamoud, and Mohammed Attar. “Yemen Hostages Recover from Horrific Slaughter for Four Friends.” AFP, 30 December 1998.

  Mubarak, Hisham. “The Battle between the Blind Man and the Captive.” Rose al-Yusuf, 24 August 1992.

  Al-Mubarak, Mubarak. “The Difficulty of Admission to Universities and the Domination of the Security Obsession: Severe Crisis Facing Saudi Arabia, Necessitating Speedy Reforms.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 30 August 2000.

  Al-Mubarak, Samir. “Report on Islamic Movements in Britain.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 12 December 1997.

  Mu’in, Ali. “European Security Organs Get Ready to Dismantle Bin Laden’s Network.” Al-Zaman, 28 August 1998.

  Mujendie, Paul. “Police Confident of Al Qaeda Link to London Bombs.” Reuters (Internet), 15 July 2005.

  Mukarram, Faysal. “Sanaa: More Signs of Two Killers’ Links to al Qaeda …” Al-Hayat, 3 January 2003, 1, 6.

  “Mumbai Police Nab Four Persons Dealing with Fake Currency.” Indian Express (Internet version), 3 July 1999.

  Muqaddam, Muhammad. “Algeria Will Not Object to Informing Americans of Dahoumane’s Replies to Questions on His Role in ‘Millennium Plot.’” Al-Hayah, 30 March 2001.

  — — —. “Millennium Explosions: Al-Hayah Reveals Details of Arrest of Wanted Algerian.” Al-Hayah, 28 March 2001.

  “Murky Information from Source ‘CS-1.’” Der Spiegel, 19 October 1998.

  “Al-Murr: No Bases for Bin Laden or the ‘Afghans’ in Lebanon.” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 26 January 2000.

  Murray, Williamson. “Clausewitz Out, Computer In: Military Culture and Technological Hubris.” National Interest 48 (Summer 1997).

  — — —. “The Emerging Strategic Environment: An Historian’s Thoughts.” Strategic Review 27, no. 1 (Winter 1999): 34.

  Musallam, Adnan. “Sayyid Qutb’s View of Islam, Society and Militancy.” Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies 22, no. 1 (Fall 1998): 64–87.

  Mustafa, Seema. “India Seen Moving Away from Arab World towards Israel.” Asian Age, 16 June 2000.

  Naim, Mouna. “Osama Bin Laden, the Banker of the Jihad.” Le Monde, 11 April 1997.

  “Nairobi Bombing Suspect Eludes FBI.” Reuters, 17 September 1998.

  Najm, Salah. “Osama Bin Laden, the Destruction of the Base,” Al-Jazirah Satellite Television, 10 June 1999.

  Najm, Salah, and Isam al-Ayyash. “Report Views Bin Laden Operations, Counterterrorism Efforts.” Al-Hawadith, 26 January 2001.

  Narayanan, B. “Terrorist Attack on Parliament House.” All India Radio Home News Service, 14 December 2001.

  Narayanan, M. K. “The Iron Grip Tightens Yet Again.” Asian Age, 15 November 1999.

  Nasir, Lt. Gen. (ret’d) Javid. “The Cease-fire Implications.” Nation (Lahore edition, Internet version), 1 August 2000.

  Nasrawi, Salah. “Osama Bin Laden Reportedly Receiving Millions in Donations.” Associated Press, 6 July 1999.

  Neumeister, Larry. “Two Egyptians Held in London Added to Embassy Bombing Indictment.” Associated Press, 9 May 2000.

  “New Offer for Bin Laden.” Al-Islah, 3 March 1997.

  “News Flash.” Philippine Star (Internet version), 28 December 2000.

  “New Zealand Minister Praises Police for Uncovering Sydney Olympics Plot.” Radio New Zealand International, 26 August 2000.

  “New Zealand Police Release Text of Cyanide Threat Letter.” AFP, 26 February 2003.

  Niazi, M. A. “Compromising Kashmir.” Nation (Lahore edition, Internet version), 28 December 2001.

  “Nida’ul Islam Exclusive Interview with Osama Bin Laden: Of Jihad and Terror, the New Powder Keg in the Middle East.” Nida’ul Islam (Internet version), 15 (October/November 1996).

  “No Lack of Candidates for Embassy Bombings.” Reuters, 7 August 1998.

  “No Need to Explain What Is Clear.” Sangar (Op-Ed), 20 October 1999.

  Nurani, “Terrorist No. 1 Osama Bin Laden Is Funding Islamic Militants.” Zerkala, 19 August 1999.

  Obaid, Nawaf E. “The Power of Saudi Arabi’s Islamic Leader.” Middle East Quarterly 6, no. 3 (September 1999).

  “Observer.” “Bin Laden: Dissident Turns Pan-Islamist.” Muslim, 15 March 1997.

  Olimpio, Guido. “In Osama’s Lair.” Sette Magazine, 3 September 1998.

  — — —. “Islamic Cell Preparing Chemical Warfare, Toxins, Gases against West.” Corriere della Sera, 8 July 1998.

  — — —. “Osama Bin Laden Disappears from Ka
bul, and Baghdad Pops Up in the Terror Shaykh’s New Travels.” Corriere della Sera, 14 February 1999.

  — — —. “Saddam’s Latest Challenge: Refuge for Osama Bin Laden.” Corriere della Sera (Internet version), 17 September 1998.

  — — —. “A Secret Pact with Bin Laden, the Terror Shaykh.” Corriere della Sera(Internet version), 28 December 1998.

  “The Opposition.” Jane’s Intelligence Review 8, no. 12 (December 1996).

  Orr, Michael. “Russia’s Chechen War: Second Time Lucky.” Jane’s Defense Weekly 33 (8 March 2000): 32–36.

  “Osama Bin Laden and the Al Qaeda Network.” PBS NewsHour (transcript), 27 December 2001.

  “Osama Bin Laden, Letter from Kandahar.” Associated Press, 16 March 1998.

  “Osama Bin Laden: Muslims Who Live in Europe Are Kafirs.” Rose al-Yusuf, 9 December 1996.

  “Osama Bin Laden Sends Message to anti-U.S. Conference.” Al-Akhbar, 12 September 1998.

  “Osama Bin Laden’s Terrorist Plan in Yemen, Egypt, and Gulf.” Al Watan Al-Arabi, 27 December 1996.

  “Osama Interview: Not Up to Him to Call for Holy War.” Takbeer, 5–12 August 1990.

  “Osama Says Taliban Rejected US Billions for Arrest.” Ausaf, 28 December 1998.

  “Osama Speaks on Hijra and the Islamic State.” Al-Jihaad Newsletter (Followers of Shariah Web site) 4 (22 June 2000).

  “Osama Urges Muslims to Help Afghans, Wage Jihad.” Nation (Lahore edition, Internet version), 10 April 2001.

  O’Sullivan, Arieh. “Bin Laden Ring Planned Mass Terror Campaign.” Jerusalem Post, 22 August 2000.

  Ouazani, Cherif. “The Bin Laden Mystery: An Investigation into the Man Who Has Defied America.” Jeune Afrique, 7 September 1998.

  “Over 300 Bin Laden Companions Arrested in Saudi Arabia.” Ausaf, 26 March 1999.

  Oxford, Esther, and Buhawadin Khuja. The Sunday Times (Internet version), 25 March 2001.

  “Pakistani to Star in Movie on Bin Laden’s ‘Achievements.’” Pakistan, 6 May 2000, 5.

  Panjeri, Parna. “Bin Laden Tied to Kashmir Islamic Movement.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 24 March 1999.

  “Part One of a Series of Reports on Bin Laden’s Life in Sudan.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi (Internet version), 24 November 2001.

  Pearl, Daniel. “In Sudanese Bombing, ‘Evidence’ Depends on Who Is Viewing It.” Wall Street Journal, 28 October 1998.

  Perry, Tom. “Blast Kills 83 in Egyptian Red Sea Resort.” Reuters (Internet), 23 July 2005.

  “Peshawar, Which Exports Terrorism to the World.” Al-Musawwar no. 3754 (9 April 1993).

  Peters, Ralph. “Our Old New Enemies.” Parameters 29 no. 2 (Summer 1999).

  — — —. “We Don’t Have the Stomach for This Kind of Fight.” Washington Post (Op-Ed), 30 August 1998.

  “Philippine Forces on Alert after Killing of Muslim Extremist Leader.” AFP, 19 December 1998.

  “Philippine Military Intelligence Chief Says Bin Laden Gave $3 Million to the MILF.” GMA-7 Television, 19 June 2000.

  “Philippine Military Says MILF Force Decimated.” Abante (Internet version), 11 May 2000.

  “Philippine Muslim Rebels Await Afghan Arms Shipment.” AFP, 21 February 1999.

  “Philippines’ MILF Reveals Bin Laden Link.” Philippine Star (Internet version), 10 February 1999.

  Phillips, Andrew, and Barry Came. “The Prime Suspect.” Mclean’s, 24 January 2000.

  Pincus, Walter. “Seized Materials May Help Thwart Future Attacks.” Washington Post, 3 April 2002.

  Pincus, Walter, and Vernon Loeb. “Bin Laden Called Top Terrorist Threat.” Washington Post, 8 February 2001.

  Pipes, Daniel. “God and Mammon: Does Poverty Cause Militant Islam?” National Interest 66 (Winter 2001/02): 14–21.

  Poletto, Lodovico. “Wanted Terrorist Escapes Dragnet.” La Stampa (Internet version), 5 October 1998.

  “Police Hold Four July 21 Bombers.” BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk, 30 July 2005.

  Pomfret, John. “Bosnian Officials Involved in Arms Trade Tied to Radical States.” Washington Post, 22 September 1996.

  Power, Carla. “Chasing a Man, Fixing a Nation.” Newsweek International, 29 January 2001.

  “Press Report Links Bin Laden to Tirana Banks, Companies.” ATA, 6 September 1998.

  “Press Report on Presence of Osama Bin Laden and ‘Afghan Arabs’ in Yemen.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 27 December 1996.

  Prifti, Anila. “Bin Laden’s Agent: Friend of Gjinushi and Berisha.” Koha Jone, 14 November 1999.

  — — —. “Bin Laden’s Man: ‘I Will Sue Albania.’” Koha Jone, 18 November 1999.

  “Prisons: The Dwelling of Our Scholars.” Nida’ul Islam 21 (December 1997/ January 1998).

  “Profile of Mohammed Makkawi—New Military Commander of Al Qaeda.” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 27 November 2001.

  Pulido, Maki. “Military Monitoring New Philippine Terrorist Group.” GMA-7 Radio-Television Arts Network, 27 October 1998.

  “Punish and Be Damned.” Economist.com (Editorial), 28 August 1998.

  “Al-Qaida Affiliated Group Claims al-Aqabah, Eilat Rocket Attacks.” AFP, 19 August 2005.

  “Qatar Looks for Qaeda Link in Theater Suicide Bomb.” Reuters, 20 March 2005.

  Al-Qaysi, Sa’id. “Bin Laden Reportedly Setting Up Camp in Lebanon.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 18 August 2000.

  — — —. “Bin Laden’s New ‘Islamic Front.’” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 6 June 1998.

  — — —. “Report on U.S. Embassy Bombing Probe.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 30 October 1998.

  — — —. “Search for Jihad Movement’s al-Zawahiri.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 23 April 1999.

  — — —. “U.S.-Yemen-Bin Laden Relations.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 15 January 1999.

  Al-Qubaysi, Sa’id. “Kuwait, UAE Banks Said Tied to Bin Laden.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 31 December 1999.

  Quereshi, Javed, and Shahid Riaz. “Afghanistan to Become the Graveyard of American Troops: Interview of Maulavi Jalaluddin Haqqani.” Pakistan, 22 October 2001.

  al-Qurashi, Abu-Ubayd. “America’s Nightmares.” Al-Ansar (Internet), 13 February 2002.

  — — —. “The Moscow Theater Operation.” Al-Ansar (Internet), 6 November 2002.

  Qureshi, Samiullah. “Freedom Fighters’ Operations against Indian Government.” Radio Pakistan, 25 December 2000.

  Raffy, Serge. “Terrorism; Revelations on the Marrakech Slaughter; How the Islamists Recruit in France.” Le Nouvel Observateur (October 1994).

  Rahmani, Anis. “Strife within Fundamentalist Groups.” Al-Mustaqillah (Internet version), 31 August 1999.

  Rafat, Ahmed. “The Spanish Will Not Be Safe Even in Their Homes.” Tiempo de Hoy, 24 March 2003.

  Ranstorp, Magnus. “Interpreting the Broader Context and Meaning of Bin Laden’s Fatwa.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 21, no. 4 (1998).

  Rashid, Ahmed. “Afghanistan: Heart of Darkness.” Far East Economic Review, 5 August 1999.

  — — —. “Afghan Warlords Return to Their Old Ways after Helping to Oust Taliban with U.S. Aid.” Wall Street Journal, 16 January 2002.

  — — —. “The Bloody Trail of the World’s Most Wanted Terrorist.” London Daily Telegraph, 21 December 2000.

  — — —. “The Khost Story.” Herald, April 1991, 41–43.

  — — —. “Pakistan Raids Hideouts to Lose ‘Safehaven’ Tag.” Daily Telegraph, 3 April 2002.

  — — —. “Taliban Prepares for ‘Decisive’ Attack with Help of Militants.” Washington Times, 22 July 1999.

  ar-Rashid, Mamun. “Countless Militant Networks Like Spider’s Net.” Dainik Janakantha, 19 July 2005, 1, 11.

  Rashid, Zahid. “Clash of Civilization and Culture.” Pakistan, 25 November 2001.

  Ratnesar, Ronesh. “What’s Become of Al Qaeda.” Time, 12 January 2002.

  Raufer, Xavier. “Investigation into Terrorist Multinational.” VSD, 3–9 September 1998.

  “The Real Threat to American Interests in Saudi Arabia.” MediaGen (U.K.) Ltd. (Internet), 21 February
1997.

  “Rebels Say Attack on Juba Imminent.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 16 February 1998.

  “Report by Al-Quds Al-Arabi Bureau in Tirana, Albania.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 26 October 1998.

  “Report on Bin Laden’s Activities, Wealth.” Al-Watan Al-Arabi, 4 September 1998.

  “Report on Egyptian Fundamentalists.” Al-Sharq Al-Awsat, 18 July 1999.

  “Report on Saudi Billionaire Financing Bin Ladin: Saudi Billionaires from Hadhramout Are Living in Tension after the Tragedy of Khalid Bin Mahfuz and His Sudden Fall.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 13 December 1999.

  “Report on the Threat to Arab Countries by Terrorist Bin Laden.” Sawt al-Mar’ah, 31 March 1998.

  “Reports on the Escape of Fundamentalists to Iraq for Fear of Being Arrested. Jordan Government Source. The Afghan Arabs to Washington Is Premature.” Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 20 December 1999.

  “‘Returnees from Albania Case’ Aimed at Eliminating Jihad Group.” Al-Hayah, 15 December 1998.

  “A Revealing Trove in Afghanistan.” New York Times, 19 March 2002.

  Reverier, Jean-Loup, et al. “Islamic Killers: Leads, Networks.” Le Point, 26 August 1995.

  Richardson, Bruce. “Khost Busters. Mujahedin Forces (Finally) Kick Puppets from Provincial Capital.” Soldier of Fortune (November 1991): 60–65, 73.

  Risen, James. “Al Qaeda Still Able to Strike U.S., Head of CIA Says.” New York Times, 7 February 2002.

  — — —. “Bin Laden Was Target of U.S. Raid Plans since Spring.” New York Times Web site, 6 September 1998.

  Risen, James, and Benjamin Weiser. “U.S. Officials Say Aid for Terrorists Came through Two Persian Gulf Countries.” New York Times, 8 July 1999.

  Rizq, Hamdi. “Jihad Unilaterally Won Over Bin Laden, While the Group was Content with Financial Support.” Al-Wasat Magazine, 31 August–6 September 1998.

  — — —. “Would al-Zawahiri Fall into the Trap of Global Security? Confessions by ‘Returnees from Albania’ Signal the Demise of the Egyptian ‘Jihad Organization.’” Al-Wasat Magazine, 19–25 April 1999.

  Rizq, Hamdi, et al. “Osama Bin Laden, a Millionaire Financially Supporting Terrorism in Egypt and Saudi Arabia.” Rose al-Yusuf, 17 May 1993.