One Thousand and One Nights

by Richard Burton

  “I write to thee, O fondest hope! a writ *

  Of grief that severance on my soul cloth lay:

  Saith its first line, ‘Within my heart is [owe!’ *

  Its second, ‘Love and Longing on me prey!’

  Its third, ‘My patience waste is, fades my life!’ *

  Its fourth, ‘Naught shall my pain and pine allay!’

  Its fifth, ‘When shall mine eyes enjoy thy sight?’ *

  Its sixth, ‘Say, when shall dawn our meeting-day?’”

  And, lastly, by way of subscription he wrote these words. “This letter is from the captive of captivation * prisoned in the hold of longing expectation * wherefrom is no emancipation * but in anticipation and intercourse and in unification * after absence and separation. * For from the severance of friends he loveth so fain * he suffereth love pangs and pining pain. *” Then his tears rushed out, and he indited these two couplets,

  “I write thee, love, the while my tears pour down; *

  Nor cease they ever pouring thick and fleet:

  Yet I despair not of my God, whose grace *

  Haply some day will grant us twain to meet.”

  Then he folded the letter31 and sealed it with his signet ring and gave it to the old woman, saying, “Carry it to the Lady Dunya.” Quoth she, “To hear is to obey;” whereupon he gave her a thousand dinars and said to her, “O my mother! accept this gift from me as a token of my affection.” She took both from him and blessed him and went her way and never stinted walking till she went in to the Lady Dunya. Now when the Princess saw her she said to her, “O my nurse, what is it he asketh of need that we may fulfil his wish to him?” Replied the old woman, “O my lady, he sendeth thee this letter by me, and I know not what is in it;” and handed it to her. Then the Princess took the letter and read it; and when she understood it, she exclaimed, “Whence cometh and whither goeth this merchant man that he durst address such a letter to me?” And she slapt her face saying, “‘Whence are we that we should come to shopkeeping? Awah! Awah! By the lord, but that I fear Almighty Allah I had slain him;” and she added, “Yea, I had crucified32 him over his shop door!” Asked the old woman, “What is in this letter to vex thy heart and move thy wrath on this wise? Doth it contain a complaint of oppression or demand for the price of the stuff?” Answered the Princess, “Woe to thee! There is none of this in it, naught but words of love and endearment. This is all through thee: otherwise whence should this Satan33 know me?” Rejoined the old woman, “o my lady, thou sittest in thy high palace and none may have access to thee; no, not even the birds of the air. Allah keep thee, and keep thy youth from blame and reproach! Thou needest not care for the barking of dogs, for thou art a Princess, the daughter of a King. Be not wroth with me that I brought thee this letter, knowing not what was in it; but I opine that thou send him an answer and threaten him with death and forbid him this foolish talk; surely he will abstain and not do the like again.” Quoth the Lady Dunya, “I fear that, if I write to him, he will desire me the more.” The old woman returned “When he heareth thy threats and promise of punishment, he will desist from his persistence.” She cried, “Here with the ink case and paper and brazen pen;” and when they brought them she wrote these couplets,

  “O thou who for thy wakeful nights wouldst claim my love

  to boon, * For what of pining thou must feel and

  tribulation!

  Dost thou, fond fool and proud of sprite, seek meeting with the

  Moon? * Say, did man ever win his wish to take in arms the

  Moon?

  I counsel thee, from soul cast out the wish that dwells

  therein, * And cut that short which threatens thee with

  sore risk oversoon:

  An to such talk thou dare return, I bid thee to expect *

  Fro’ me such awful penalty as suiteth froward loon:

  I swear by Him who moulded man from gout of clotted

  blood,34 * Who lit the Sun to shine by day and lit

  for night the moon,

  An thou return to mention that thou spakest in thy pride, *

  Upon a cross of tree for boon I’ll have thee crucified!”

  Then she folded the letter and handing it to the old woman said, “Give him this and say him, ‘Cease from this talk!’ “ “Hearkening and obedience,” replied she, and taking the letter with joy, returned to her own house, where she passed the night; and when morning dawned she betook herself to the shop of Taj al-Muluk whom she found expecting her. When he saw her, he was ready to fly35 for delight, and when she came up to him, he stood to her on his feet and seated her by his side. Then she brought out the letter and gave it to him, saying, “Read what is in this;” adding “When Princess Dunya read thy letter she was angry; but I coaxed her and jested with her till I made her laugh, and she had pity on thee and she hath returned thee an answer.” He thanked her for her kindness and bade Aziz give her a thousand gold pieces: then he perused the letter and understanding it fell to weeping a weeping so sore that the old woman’s heart was moved to ruth for him, and his tears and complaints were grievous to her. Presently she asked him, “O my son, what is there in this letter to make thee weep?” Answered he, “She hath threatened me with death and crucifixion and she forbiddeth me to write to her, but if I write not my death were better than my life. So take thou my answer to the letter and let her work her will.” Rejoined the old woman, “By the life of thy youth, needs must I risk my existence for thee, that I may bring thee to thy desire and help thee to win what thou hast at heart!” And Taj al-Muluk said, “Whatever thou dost, I will requite thee for it and do thou weigh it in the scales of thy judgement, for thou art experienced in managing matters, and skilled in reading the chapters of the book of intrigue: all hard matters to thee are easy doings; and Allah can bring about everything.” Then he took a sheet of paper and wrote thereon these improvised couplets,

  “Yestre’en my love with slaughter menaced me, *

  But sweet were slaughter and Death’s foreordainčd:

  Yes, Death is sweet for lover doomed to bear *

  Long life, rejected, injured and constrainčd:

  By Allah! deign to visit friendless friend! *

  Thy thrall am I and like a thrall I’m chainčd:

  Mercy, O lady mine, for loving thee! *

  Who loveth noble soul should be assainčd.”

  Then he sighed heavy sighs and wept till the old woman wept also and presently taking the letter she said to him, “Be of good cheer and cool eyes and clear; for needs must I bring thee to thy wish.” — And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

  When it was the One Hundred and Thirty-fourth Night,

  She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when Taj al-Muluk wept the old woman said to him, “Be of good cheer and cool eyes and clear; for needs must I bring thee to thy wish.” Then she rose and left him on coals of fire; and returned to Princess Dunya, whom she found still showing on her changed face rage at Taj al-Muluk’s letter. So she gave her his second letter, whereat her wrath redoubled and she said, “Did I not say he would desire us the more?” Replied the old woman, “What thing is this dog that he should aspire to thee?” Quoth the Princess, “Go back to him and tell him that, if he write me after this, I will cut off his head.” Quoth the nurse, “Write these words in a letter and I will take it to him that his fear may be the greater.” So she took a sheet of paper and wrote thereon these couplets,

  “Ho thou, who past and bygone risks regardest with uncare! *

  Thou who to win thy meeting prize dost overslowly fare!

  In pride of spirit thinkest thou to win the star Soha36 ? *

  Albe thou may not reach the Moon which shines through

  upper air?

  How darest thou expect to win my favours, hope to clip *

  Upon a lover’s burning breast my lance like shape and rare?

  Leave this thy purpose lest my wrath come down on thee some

  day, * A
day of wrath shall hoary turn the partings of

  thy hair!”

  Then she folded the letter and gave it to the old woman, who took it and repaired to Taj al-Muluk. And when he saw her, he rose to his feet and exclaimed, “May Allah never bereave me of the blessing of thy coming!” Quoth she, “Take the answer to thy letter.” He took it and reading it, wept with sore weeping and said, “I long for some one to slay me at this moment and send me to my rest, for indeed death were easier to me than this my state!” Then he took ink case and pen and paper and wrote a letter containing these two couplets,

  “O hope of me! pursue me not with rigour and disdain: *

  Deign thou to visit lover wight in love of thee is drowned;

  Deem not a life so deeply wronged I longer will endure; * My soul

  for severance from my friend divorced this frame unsound.”

  Lastly he folded the letter and handed it to the old woman, saying, “Be not angry with me, though I have wearied thee to no purpose.” And he bade Aziz give her other thousand ducats, saying, “O my mother, needs must this letter result in perfect union or utter severance.” Replied she, “O my son, by Allah, I desire nought but thy weal; and it is my object that she be thine, for indeed thou art the shining moon, and she the rising sun.37 If I do not bring you together, there is no profit in my existence; and I have lived my life till I have reached the age of ninety years in the practice of wile and intrigue; so how should I fail to unite two lovers, though in defiance of right and law?” Then she took leave of him having comforted his heart, and ceased not walking till she went in to the Lady Dunya. Now she had hidden the letter in her hair: so when she sat down by the Princess she rubbed her head and said, “O my lady, maybe thou wilt untwist my hair knot, for it is a time since I went to the Hammam.” The King’s daughter bared her arms to the elbows and, letting down the old woman’s locks, began to loose the knot of back hair; when out dropped the letter and the Lady Dunya seeing it, asked, “What is this paper?” Quoth the nurse, “As I sat in the merchant’s shop, this paper must have stuck to me: give it to me that I may return it to him; possibly it containeth some account whereof he hath need.” But the Princess opened it and read it and, when she understood it, she cried out, “This is one of thy manifold tricks, and hadst thou not reared me, I would lay violent hands on thee this moment! Verily Allah hath afflicted me with this merchant: but all that hath befallen me with him is on thy head. I know not from what country this one can have come: no man but he would venture to affront me thus, and I fear lest this my case get abroad, more by token as it concerneth one who is neither of my kin nor of my peers.” Rejoined the old woman “None would dare speak of this for fear of thy wrath and for awe of thy sire; so there can be no harm in sending him an answer.” Quoth the Princess, “O my nurse, verily this one is a perfect Satan! How durst he use such language to me and not dread the Sultan’s rage. Indeed, I am perplexed about his case: if I order him to be put to death, it were unjust; and if I leave him alive his boldness will increase.” Quoth the old woman, “Come, write him a letter; it may be he will desist in dread.” So she called for paper and ink case and pen and wrote these couplets,

  “Thy folly drives thee on though long I chid, *

  Writing in verse: how long shall I forbid?

  For all forbiddal thou persistest more, *

  And my sole grace it is to keep it hid;

  Then hide thy love nor ever dare reveal, *

  For an thou speak, of thee I’ll soon be rid

  If to thy silly speech thou turn anew, *

  Ravens shall croak for thee the wold amid:

  And Death shall come and beat thee down ere long, *

  Put out of sight and bury ‘neath an earthen lid:

  Thy folk, fond fool! thou’lt leave for thee to mourn, *

  And through their lives to sorrow all forlorn.”

  Then she folded the letter and committed it to the old woman, who took it and returning to Taj al-Muluk, gave it to him. When he read it, he knew that the Princess was hard hearted and that he should not win access to her; so he complained of his case to the Wazir and besought his counsel. Quoth the Minister, “Know thou that naught will profit thee save that thou write to her and invoke the retribution of Heaven upon her.” And quoth the Prince, “O my brother, O Aziz, do thou write to her as if my tongue spake, according to thy knowledge.” So Aziz took a paper and wrote these couplets,

  “By the Five Shaykhs,38 O Lord, I pray deliver me; *

  Let her for whom I suffer bear like misery:

  Thou knowest how I fry in flaming lowe of love, *

  While she I love hath naught of ruth or clemency:

  How long shall I, despite my pain, her feelings spare? *

  How long shall she wreak tyranny o’er weakling me?

  In pains of never ceasing death I ever grieve: *

  O Lord, deign aid; none other helping hand I see.

  How fain would I forget her and forget her love! *

  But how forget when Love garred Patience death to dree?

  O thou who hinderest Love to ‘joy fair meeting tide *

  Say! art thou safe from Time and Fortune’s jealousy?

  Art thou not glad and blest with happy life, while I *

  From folk and country for thy love am doomed flee?”

  Then Aziz folded the letter and gave it to Taj al-Muluk, who read it and was pleased with it. So he handed it to the old woman, who took it and went in with it to Princess Dunya. But when she read it and mastered the meaning thereof, she was enraged with great rage and said, “All that hath befallen me cometh by means of this ill omened old woman!” Then she cried out to the damsels and eunuchs, saying, “Seize this old hag, this accursed trickstress and beat her with your slippers!” So they came down upon her till she swooned away; and, when she came to herself, the Princess said to her, “By the Lord! O wicked old woman, did I not fear Almighty Allah, I would slay thee.” Then quoth she to them, “Beat her again” and they did so till she fainted a second time, whereupon she bade them drag her forth and throw her outside the palace door. So they dragged her along on her face and threw her down before the gate; but as soon as she revived she got up from the ground and, walking and sitting by turns, made her way home. There she passed the night till morning, when she arose and went to Taj al-Muluk and told them all that had occurred. He was distressed at this grievous news and said, “O my mother, hard indeed to us is that which hath befallen thee, but all things are according to fate and man’s lot.” Replied she, “Be of good cheer and keep thine eyes cool and clear, for I will not give over striving till I have brought thee and her together, and made thee enjoy this wanton who hath burnt my skin with beating.” Asked the Prince “Tell me what caused her to hate men;” and the old woman answered, “It arose from what she saw in a dream.” “And what was this dream?” “’Twas this: one night, as she lay asleep, she saw a fowler spread his net upon the ground and scatter wheat grain round it. Then he sat down hard by, and not a bird in the neighbourhood but flocked to his toils. Amongst the rest she beheld a pair of pigeons, male and female; and, whilst she was watching the net, behold, the male bird’s foot caught in the meshes and he began to struggle; whereupon all the other birds took fright and flew away. But presently his mate came back and hovered over him, then alighted on the toils unobserved by the fowler, and fell to pecking with her beak and pulling at the mesh in which the male bird’s foot was tangled, till she released the toes and they flew away together. Then the fowler came up, mended his net and seated himself afar off. After an hour or so the birds flew back and the female pigeon was caught in the net; whereupon all the other birds took fright and scurried away; and the male pigeon fled with the rest and did not return to his mate, but the fowler came up and took the female pigeon and cut her throat. The Princess awoke, troubled by her dream, and said, ‘All males are like this pigeon, worthless creatures: and men in general lack grace and goodness to women.’” When the old woman had ended her story, the Prin
ce said to her, “O my mother, I desire to have one look at her, though it be my death; so do thou contrive me some contrivance for seeing her.” She replied, “Know then that she hath under her palace windows a garden wherein she taketh her pleasure; and thither she resorteth once in every month by the private door. After ten days, the time of her thus going forth to divert herself will arrive; so when she is about to visit the garden, I will come and tell thee, that thou mayst go thither and meet her. And look thou leave not the garden, for haply, an she see thy beauty and Loveliness, her heart will be taken with love of thee, and love is the most potent means of union.” He said, “I hear and obey;” whereupon he and Aziz arose and left the shop and, taking the old woman with them, showed her the place where they lodged. Then said Taj al- Muluk to Aziz, “O my brother, I have no need of the shop now, having fulfilled my purpose of it; so I give it to thee with all that is in it; for that thou hast come abroad with me and hast left thy native land for my sake.” Aziz accepted his gift and then they sat conversing, while the Prince questioned him of the strange adventures which had befallen him, and his companion acquainted him with the particulars thereof. Presently, they went to the Wazir and, reporting to him Taj al-Muluk’s purpose, asked him, “What is to be done?” “Let us go to the garden,” answered he. So each and every donned richest clothes and went forth, followed by three white slaves to the garden, which they found thick with thickets and railing its rills. When they saw the keeper sitting at the gate, they saluted him with the Salam and he returned their salute. Then the Wazir gave him an hundred gold pieces, saying, “Prithee, take this small sum and fetch us somewhat to eat; for we are strangers and I have with me these two lads whom I wish to divert.”39 The Gardener took the sequins and said to them, “Enter and amuse yourselves in the garden, for it is all yours; and sit down till I bring you what food you require.” So he went to the market while the Wazir and Taj al-Muluk and Aziz entered the garden. And shortly after leaving for the bazar the Gardener returned with a roasted lamb and cotton white bread, which he placed before them, and they ate and drank; thereupon he served up sweetmeats, and they ate of them, and washed their hands and sat talking. Presently the Wazir said to the garth keeper, “Tell me about this garden: is it thine or dost thou rent it?” The Shaykh replied, “It doth not belong to me, but to our King’s daughter, the Princess Dunya.” “What be thy monthly wages?” asked the Wazir and he answered, “One diner and no more.” Then the Minister looked round about the garden and, seeing in its midst a pavilion tall and grand but old and disused, said to the keeper, “O elder, I am minded to do here a good work, by which thou shalt remember me. Replied the other, “O my lord, what is the good work thou wouldest do?” “Take these three hundred diners,” rejoined the Wazir When the Keeper heard speak of the gold, he said, “O my lord, whatso thou wilt, do!” So the Wazir gave him the monies, saying, “Inshallah, we will make a good work in this place!” Then they left him and returned to their lodging, where they passed the night; and when it was the next day, the Minister sent for a plasterer and a painter and a skilful goldsmith and, furnishing them with all the tools they wanted, carried them to the garden, where he bade them whitewash the walls of the pavilion and decorate it with various kinds of paintings. Moreover he sent for gold and lapis lazuli40 and said to the painter, “Figure me on the wall, at the upper end of this hall, a man fowler with his nets spread and birds falling into them and a female pigeon entangled in the meshes by her bill.” And when the painter had finished his picture on one side, the Wazir said, “Figure me on the other side a similar figure and represent the she pigeon alone in the snare and the fowler seizing her and setting the knife to her neck; and draw on the third side wall, a great raptor clutching the male pigeon, her mate, and digging talons into him.” The artist did his bidding, and when he and the others had finished the designs, they received their hire and went away. Then the Wazir and his companions took leave of the Gardener and returned to their place, where they sat down to converse. And Taj al-Muluk said to Aziz, “O my brother, recite me some verses: perchance it may broaden my breast and dispel my dolours and quench the fire flaming in my heart.” So Aziz chanted with sweet modulation these couplets,