Women and Madness

by Phyllis Chesler

  4.Emma Goldman, “Woman Suffrage,” in Anarchism and Other Essays, op. cit.

  CHAPTER TEN

  1.Monique Wittig, Les Guerilleres, translated from the French by David Le Vay (New York: The Viking Press, 1971).

  2.Ibid.

  3.C. G. Jung and C. Kerenyi, Essays on a Science of Mythology: The Myth of the Divine Child and the Mysteries of Eleusis, Bollingen Series XXII, translated from the German by R. E C. Hull (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1949); Sir James Frazier, The Golden Bough (New York: Macmillan, 1958); C. Kerenyi, Eleusis: Archetypal Image of Mother and Daughter, translated from the German by Ralph Manheim, Bollingen Series LXV (New York: Pantheon Books, Random House, 1967).

  4.Erich Neumann, Amor and Psyche: The Psychic Development of the Feminine. A Commentary on the Tale by Apuleius, translated from the German by Ralph Manheim, Bollingen Series LIV (New York: Pantheon Books, 1956).

  5.Margaret Adams, “The Compassion Trap,” Psychology Today, Vol. 5, No. 6, November 1971.

  6.Emma Goldman, “Minorities versus Majorities” reprinted in Anarchism and Other Essays, introduction by Richard Drinnon (New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1970).

  7.Paul Goodman, “On Society, the Young, and Sex,” Psychology Today, Vol. 5, No. 6, November 1971.

  8.Anselma dell’Olio, unpublished manuscript.

  9.Juliet Mitchell, Woman’s Estate (New York: Pantheon Books, Random House, 1971).

  10.Ibid.

  11.Wittig, op. cit.

  12.Helen Diner, Mothers and Amazons: The First Feminine History of Culture, edited and translated by J. P. Lundin (New York: Julian Press, 1965). (First published in the 1930s under the pseudonym of “Sir Galahad.”)

  13.Ibid.

  14.Ibid.

  15.Ibid.

  16.Ibid.

  17.Frazier, op. cit., 1958; Sigmund Freud, “Contributions to the Psychology of Love: The Taboo of Virginity,” Collected Papers, Vol. 4 (1918) (New York: Basic Books, 1959).

  18.Robert Briffault, The Mothers (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1927); Bachofen, Das Mutteracht, cited by Diner, op. cit.; Frazier, op. cit.; J. F. Lafitau, Moeurs de Sauvages Américains Compares aux Moeurs des Premiers Temps (Paris: 1724); Matthew Paris, Chronica Magna (Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland), ed. by S. Henry Richards Luard, 7 Vols. (London: 1872–83); Nancy Reeves, Womankind (Chicago: Aldine, Atherton, 1971). Jesco von Puttkamer and Altair Sales have recently discovered caves in Brazil they believe were inhabited by Amazon warriors (Time magazine, December 27, 1971).

  19.Frantz Fanon, A Dying Colonialism, translated by Haakon Chevalier (New York: Grove Press, Inc., 1965). Originally published in France as L’An Cinq de la Révolution Algérienne, 1959, by Francois Maspero.

  20.George Fischer, The Soviet System and Modern Society (Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1968).

  21.Norman L. Farberow and Edwin E Schneidman, The Cry for Help (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965).

  22.Wittig, op. cit.

  BIBLIOGRAPHY

  My generation knew nothing of the rich psychoanalytic and radical feminist literature that preceded Women and Madness by more than a century. Much of the feminist literature of my Second Wave generation was “lost” by the 1980s. I have included some of it here. As you read this, please remember that many of the classic feminist works with which you may be most familiar were all preceded by the most amazing and exciting speeches, pamphlets, journals, articles, and books, many of which have since been forgotten.

  The works in this bibliography are alphabetized according to author within each seven-year period. Please note that certain lesser known books often precede a later, more visible work by anywhere from one to five years.

  Dear Reader: You may consider using parts of this bibliography as a core curriculum. I have now added the most important, evolving work in terms of the many feminist approaches to female and male psychology and psychotherapy.

  CLASSICAL GREEK

  Aeschylus. The Agamemnon; The Libation Bearers; The Eumenides. (458 BCE). Trans. David Grene and Richmond Lattimore. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1953.

  Euripides II. Iphighenia in Taurus; Helen. (414–412 BCE). Trans. Richmond Lattimore. Phoenix Books. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

  Euripides V. Electra. (414–410 BCE). Trans. Emily Townsend Vermeule. Ed. David Grene and Richmond Lattimore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957.

  Sophocles II. Electra and Philoctetes. (420–410 BCE). Trans. David Grene. Ed. David Grene and Richmond Lattimore. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1957.

  FIFTEENTH-MID-TWENTIETH CENTURY

  Adler, Alfred. Individual Psychology. Paterson, NJ: Littlefield Adams & Co, 1963; originally published 1925.

  ———. Understanding Human Nature. New York: Fawcett Premier Publishing, 1927.

  de Beauvoir, Simone. The Second Sex. New York: Vintage Books, 1989; originally published 1949.

  Binswanger, Ludwig. “The Case of Ellen West.” In In Existence. Trans. Werner M. Mendel and Joseph Lyone. Ed. Rollo May, Ernest Angel, and Henri F. Ellenberger. New York: Basic, 1958, pp. 237–364.

  Briffault, Robert. The Mothers: The Matriarchal Theory of Social Origins. Ed. Gordon Rattray Taylor. 3 Vols. New York: H. Fertig, 1993; originally published 1931.

  Diner, Helen. Mothers and Amazons. Ed. and trans. John Philip Lundin. New York: Julian Press, 1965; originally published in the 1930s under the pen name Sir Galahad.

  Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and Its Discontents. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1962; originally published 1929.

  ———. Collected Papers: Volumes I-V. New York: Basic Books, 1959; originally published from 1888–1938.

  ———. Moses and Monotheism. New York: Vintage Books, 1939.

  ———. The Basic Writings of Sigmund Freud. Ed. and trans. Dr. A. A. Brill. New York: The Modern Library, 1938.

  Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. “The Yellow Wallpaper” and Other Stories. Old Westbury, NY: The Feminist Press, 1973; originally published 1892.

  ———. The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. An Autobiography. New York: Arno Press, 1972; originally published 1935.

  Goldman, Emma. Living My Life. 2 vols. New York: Dover Publications, 1970; originally published 1931.

  Horney, Karen. Feminine Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1967; originally published from 1922–1937.

  Jung, C. G. Modern Man In Search of a Soul. London: Kegan Paul Trench Trubner (1955 ed. Harvest Books ISBN 0156612062; originally published 1933.

  ———. The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious. Princeton, NJ: Bollingen, 1981; 2nd ed. Collected Works Vol. 9, Part 1. ISBN 0691018332; originally published from 1934–1954.

  Jung, Carl G. Two Essays on Analytical Psychology. London: Routledge, 1966; revised 2nd ed. Collected Works Vol. 7; originally published 1917, 1928.

  Klein, Melanie. Contributions to Psychoanalysis. London: Hogarth Press and The Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1948; originally published from 1921–1945.

  ———. Envy and Gratitude & Other Works. New York: Dell Publishing Company, 1975; originally published 1946–1963.

  Mill, John Stuart. The Subjection of Women. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 1997; originally published 1869.

  de Pisan, Christine. The Book of the City of Ladies. Trans. Earl Jeffrey Richards. New York: Persea Books, 1983; originally published 1400.

  Plath, Sylvia. The Bell far. New York: Harper & Row, 1971; originally published 1963.

  Winnicott, Donald W. Collected Papers: Through Paediatrics to Psychoanalysis. London: Tavistock; New York: Basic Books, 1958; London: Hogarth Press and Institute of PSA, 1975; London: Institute of PSA and Karnac Books, 1992; Brunner/Mazel, 1992.

  Wollstonecraft, Mary. The Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1982; originally published 1792.

  Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. New York: Harcourt Brace & World, 1966; originally published 1938.

/>   ———. Three Guineas. New York: A Harbinger Book, 1938.

  1963–1970

  Amatniek, Kathy. “Funeral Oration for the Burial of Traditional Womanhood.” In Notes from the First Year. New York: New York Radical Women, June 1968. See in addition: Shulamith Firestone, “The Women’s Rights Movement in the U. S.”; Anne Koedt, “The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm.”

  Bart, Pauline B. “Portnoy’s Mother’s Complaint.” Trans-action. November-December 1970.

  Chesler, Phyllis. “Women and Psychotherapy.” The Radical Therapist. September 1970. Reprinted in The International Socialist Review. November 1970; The Radical Therapist Collective Anthology. Ed. Jerome Agel. New York: Ballantine Books, 1971.

  Densmore, Dana. Chivalry—the Iron Hand in the Velvet Glove. Pittsburgh: Know, Inc. Pamphlet, 1969.

  ———. “On Celibacy.” No More Fun and Games: A Journal of Female Liberation. Somerville, Massachusetts: October 1968. See in addition: Roxanne Dunbar, “Slavery” and “Dirge for White America.”

  Firestone, Shulamith. The Dialectics of Sex. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1970.

  Firestone, Shulamith, ed. and Anne Koedt, assoc. ed. Notes from the Second Year: Major Writers of the Radical Feminists. New York: Notes from the Second Year, Inc., 1970. See in addition: Ti-Grace Atkinson, “Radical Feminism” and “The Institution of Sexual Intercourse”; Lucinda Cisler, “On Abortion and Abortion Law”; Roxanne Dunbar, “Female Liberation as the Basis for Social Revolution”; Carol Hanisch, “The Personal is Political”; Joreen, “Bitch Manifesto”; Pat Mainairdi, “The Politics of Housework”; Anselma dell’ Olio, “The Founding of the New Feminist Theatre”; Kathie Sarachild, “A Program for Feminist Consciousness Raising”; Meredith Tax, “Woman and Her Mind: The Story of Everyday Life”; Ellen Willis, “Women and the Left.”

  Flexner, Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Women’s Rights Movement in the United States. New York: Atheneum, 1968; originally published 1959.

  Friedan, Betty. The Feminine Mystique. New York: Dell, 1963.

  Greer, Germaine. The Female Eunuch. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971; originally published in England, 1970.

  Horney, Karen. Feminine Psychology. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1967; originally published 1922–1937.

  McAfee, Kathy and Myrna Wood, eds. “Bread and Roses.” Leviathan. Vol. 1, June 1969.

  Milieu, Kate. Sexual Politics. New York: Doubleday, 1970.

  Morgan, Robin, ed. Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women’s Liberation Movement. New York: Random House, 1970.

  Seaman, Barbara. The Doctor’s Case Against the Pill. New York: Peter Wyden, 1969.

  ———. Free and Female. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1972.

  Solanas, Valerie. Scum Manifesto. New York: Olympia Press, 1968.

  Steinern, Gloria. “After Black Power, Women’s Liberation?” New York magazine, 1969.

  ———. “A Bunny’s Tale.” Show Magazine, 1963.

  Szasz, Thomas S. The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental Health Movement. New York: Harper & Row, 1970.

  Wages For Housework: Women Speak Out. Toronto: May Day Rally. Pamphlet, 1969.

  Weisstein, Naomi. “Kinder, Kuche and Kirche: Psychology Constructs the Female.” Scientific Psychology and Social Relevance. New York: Harper & Row, 1971; originally published by New England Free Press, 1968.

  Wittig, Monique. Les Guerilleres. New York: Viking Press, 1971; originally published in France, 1969.

  1971–1977

  Atkinson, Ti-Grace. Amazon Odyssey. New York: Links Books, 1974.

  Bardwick, Judith M. Psychology of Women: A Study of Bio-Cultural Conflicts. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.

  Breggin, Peter. “Lobotomies: An Alert.” American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 129, July 1972.

  Brownmiller, Susan. Against Our Will. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1975.

  By and For Women. The Women’s Gun Pamphlet. Pamphlet, 1975.

  Chesler, Phyllis. “Sex Role Stereotyping and Adjustment.” In Psychology of Adjustment. Ed. James E Adams. Holbrook Press, 1973.

  ———. Women and Madness. New York: Doubleday and Co., 1972.

  ———. “Women and Mental Illness.” Women: Resources for a Changing World. The Radcliffe Institute, Radcliffe College, October 1972.

  Chesler, Phyllis and Emily Jane Goodman. Women, Money and Power. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1976.

  Connell, Noreen and Cassandra Wilson, eds. Rape: The First Sourcebook For Women. New York: Plume Books, New American Library, 1974.

  Davis, Elizabeth Gould. The First Sex. New York: G. P. Putnam & Sons, 1971.

  Deming, Barbara and Arthur Kinoy. Women & Revolution: A Dialogue. Pamphlet, 1975.

  Dreifus, Claudia. Women’s Fate: Raps from a Feminist Consciousness-Raising Group. New York: Bantam, 1973.

  Dworkin, Andrea. Woman Hating. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1974.

  Ehrenreich, Barbara and Deirdre English. Witches, Midwives and Nurses: A History of Women Healers. Pamphlet, 1972.

  Frankfurt, Ellen. Vaginal Politics. New York: Quadrangle Books, 1972.

  Gornick, Vivian and B. K. Moran. Women in a Sexist Society: Studies in Power and Powerlessness. New York: Basic Books, 1971. See in addition: Phyllis Chesler, “Patient and Patriarch: Women in the Psychotherapeutic Relationship”; Alta, “Pretty”; Una Stannard, “The Mask of Beauty”; Ruby R. Leavitt, “Women in Other Cultures”; Cynthia Ozick, “Women and Creativity: The Demise of the Dancing Dog”; Linda Nochlin, “Why Are There No Great Women Artists?”; Margaret Adams, “The Compassion Trap.”

  Gould, Robert. “Masculinity by the Size of the Paycheck.” Ms. February 1973.

  ———. “Socio-Cultural Roles of Male and Female.” Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 2nd ed. Eds. Freedman, Kaplan, and Sadock. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1975.

  Henley, Nancy M. Body Politics: Power, Sex, and Non-Verbal Communications. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977.

  Hite, Shere. The Kite Report on Female Sexuality. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1976.

  Johnston, Jill. Lesbian Nation: The Feminist Solution. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1973.

  Jong, Erica. Fear of Flying. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973.

  Katz, Naomi and Nancy Milton, eds. Fragment from a Lost Diary and Other Stories: Women of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. New York: Pantheon Books, 1973.

  Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts. New York: Knopf, 1976.

  Koedt, Anne, ed. and Shulamith Firestone, assoc. ed. Notes from the Third Year: Women’s Liberation. New York: Notes from the Second Year, Inc., 1971. See in addition: Susan Brownmiller, “Speaking Out on Prostitution”; Barbara Burris, “The Fourth World Manifesto”; Dana Densmore, “Independence from Sexual Revolution”; Claudia Dreifus, “The Selling of a Feminist”; Jo Freeman, “The Building of the Gilded Cage”; Judith Hole and Ellen Levine, “The First Feminists”; Pamela Kearon and Barbara Mehrhof, “Rape: An Act of Terror”; Judy Syfers, “Why I Want a Wife.”

  Laws, Judith Long. “The Psychology of Tokenism: An Analysis.” Sex Roles. Vol. 1, 1975.

  Martin, Del. Battered Wives. San Francisco: Glide Publications, 1976.

  ———. Battered Wives. New York: Pocket Books, 1977.

  Medea, Andra and Kathleen Thompson. Against Rape: A Survival Manual for Women: How to Avoid Entrapment and How to Cope with Rape Physically and Emotionally. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1974.

  Miller, Jean Baker. Toward a New Psychology of Women. Boston: Beacon Press, 1976.

  Mitchell, Juliet. Psychoanalysis and Feminism. London: Allen Lane, 1974.

  ———. Woman’s Estate. New York: Random House, 1971.

  Oakley, Ann. Women’s Work: The Housewife, Past and Present. New York: Pantheon, 1974.

  Piercy, Marge. Small Changes. New York: Doubleday, 1973.

  ———. Woman on the Edge of Time. New York: Knopf, 1976.
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  Rich, Adrienne. Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1976.

  Rowbotham, Sheila. Women, Resistance, and Revolution. London: Penguin, 1972.

  Rubin, Lillian Breslow. Worlds of Pain: Life in the Working-Class Family. New York: Basic Books, 1976.

  Russ, Joanna. The Female Man. New York: Bantam Press, 1975.

  Russell, Diana E. H. and Nicole Van de Ven, eds. The Proceeding of the International Tribunal on Crimes Against Women. California: Les Femmes, 1976.

  Schatzman, Morton. Soul Murder: Persecution in the Family. New York: Random House, 1973.

  Shulman, Alix Kates. Memoirs of an Ex-Prom Queen. New York: Random House, 1972.

  Snodgrass, Jon, ed. A Book of Readings for Men Against Sexism. New York: Times Change Press, 1977.

  Stone, Merlin. When God Was a Woman. Great Britain: Virgo Limited, 1976.

  Unger, Rhoda Kesler and Florence L. Denmark, eds. Woman: Dependent or Independent Variable? New York: Psychological Dimensions, Inc., 1975.

  Williams, Juanita H. Psychology of Women: Behavior in a Biosocial Context. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1974.

  1978–1984

  Armstrong, Louise. Kiss Daddy Goodnight: A Speak-Out on Incest. New York: Hawthorn, 1978.

  Barry, Kathleen. Female Sexual Slavery. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

  Barry, Kathleen, Charlotte Bunch, and Shirley Castley, eds. International Feminism: Networking Against Female Sexual Slavery. New York: The International Women’s Tribune Centre, Inc., 1984.

  Bernikow, Louise. Among Women. New York: Harmony Books, 1980.

  Bolen, Jean Shinoda. Goddesses In Every Woman: Powerful Archetypes in Women’s Lives. New York: HarperCollins, 1984.

  Brodsky, Annette M. and Rachel Hare-Mustin, eds. Women and Psychotherapy: An Assessment of Research and Practice. New York: The Guilford Press, 1980.

  Bulkin, Elly, Minnie Bruce Pratt, and Barbara Smith. Yours in Struggle: Three Feminist Perspectives on Anti-Semitism. Brooklyn, New York: Long Haul Press, 1984.

  Chernin, Kim. The Obsession: Reflections on the Tyranny of Slenderness. Harper & Row: New York, 1981.

  Chesler, Phyllis. About Men. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1978.