The World in 2050: Four Forces Shaping Civilization's Northern Future
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Amazon basin
American Geophysical Union
American Indians
Amur Oblast
Annan, Kofi
Annin, Peter
Antarctica
Anuka, Godwin
aquatic ecosystems
aquifers
Arabian Desert
Arctic Circle
Arctic Climate Impact Assessment
Arctic Council
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy
Arctic Ocean: and indigenous peoples; and natural resources; and river runoff; and the rule of law; and sea ice levels; and the seabed; and shipping; and UNCLOS
Argentina
Arrhenius, Svante
Asia. See specific countries
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
Asian Development Bank
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Athabasca Tar Sands
Australia
Azeez, Adulkadir
Azerbaijan
Baffin Island
Baikal-Amur Mainline Railroad
Baku oil fields
Ban Ki-Moon
Bangladesh
Banks Island
Barents Sea
Barlow, Maude
Barnaby, Wendy
Barnett, Tim
Barrow, Alaska
Bartram, Jamie
Bazhenov Shale
Beaufort Sea
Belgium
Bering Sea
Bering Strait
Betancourt, Julio
biodiversity. See also wildlife
biofuels. See also ethanol
biotechnology
birth rates
bitumen
Bodman, Samuel
boreal forests
Borgerson, Scott
Box, Jason
Brakenridge, Bob
Brazil: and aging populations; and concentrated solar thermal (CSP) power; and economic growth models; and power transmission systems; and shifting economic power; and water resources
Bretton Woods Agreement
BRICs. See Brazil; China; India; Russia and the Russian Federation
Britain. See also United Kingdom
Broecker, Wallace
Brown, Gordon
Burgan oil fields
Burke, Marshall
Bush, George H. W.
Bush, George W.
California: and the Louisiana Purchase; and renewable energy; and sea levels; and water resources
Cambodia
Canada: and aboriginal peoples; and the Arctic Council; and Arctic resources; and Arctic shipping; and climate distribution; and crop yields; and demographic trends; and education; and endangered species; and foreign relations; and global warming; and human settlement patterns; and immigration policy; and the Kyoto Protocol; and the “New North,” and North Pole expeditions; and oil sands; and power transmission systems; and the Siberian Curse; and UNCLOS; and water resources; and wind power; and winter roads; and World War II,
canals
Canterell field
Cape Cod, Massachusetts
carbon emissions: and biofuels; and carbon capture technology; and climate change; fertilization effect; and hydrogen fuel cells; and the Kyoto Protocol; and melting permafrost; monitoring levels of; natural cycles of; and oil resources; persistence in atmosphere; and renewable energy resources
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carson, Rachel
Carter, Jimmy
Caspian Sea
cellulosic ethanol
Central Asia
Central Valley
Chad
Chávez, Hugo
Chernobyl power plant
Chicago Diversion
Chile
Chilingarov, Artur
China: and aging populations; and Arctic resources; and coal resources; and economic growth models; and global warming; and human settlement patterns; and melting permafrost; and natural gas resources; and nuclear power; and population control policies; and power transmission systems; and the Russian Far East; and Russian immigration policy; and shifting economic power; Singapore as model for; unification of; and urbanization; and water resources; and wind power
The Christian Science Monitor
Chu, Steven
Churchill, Manitoba
Churchill, Winston
civil rights movement
“clean coal,”
climate change: and aboriginal peoples; and abrupt-change scenarios; and agriculture; and the Arctic; and climate models; and coal; connection to other global forces; and demographic trends; described; and drought; and electric vehicles; and endangered species; and geophysical impacts; and inertia of global forces; and medieval warming period; and melting ice sheets; and melting permafrost and migration of species; monitoring climate; and national security; and nuclear power; and ocean temperatures; and prospects for NORCs; and risk management; and river runoff; and sea ice; and sea levels; and short-term fluctuations; and snowpack and glaciers; SRES scenarios; and water resources; and winter roads
Clinton, Bill
Clinton, Hillary Rodham
coal
Cohen, Joel E.
Cold War
Collapse (Diamond)
Colombia
Colorado River
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
concentrated solar thermal (CSP) power
Congo basin
continental effect
Copenhagen Climate Conference
corn-based ethanol
corruption
Costa Rica
Cournoyea, Nellie J.
crime
Cuba
Damansky Island
Damour, Jdimytai
dams
Darwin, Charles
Davydov, M. M.
Dawson Creek, British Columbia
De Niro, Robert
Dead Pool (Lawrence)
death rates
deltas
Democratic Republic of the Congo
demography: and aboriginal populations; and aging populations; and Alaska; and biofuels; and climate distribution; connection to other global forces; and declining populations; and the Demographic Transition; as global force; and global warming; and Gulags; and human settlement patterns; and immigration; and inertia of global forces; and life expectancy; measurement types; and momentum of population trends; and the “New North,” and NORCs; and population control policies; population densities and trajectories; and resource consumption; and urbanization; and water resources; and World War II,
Dene people
Deng Xiaoping
Denmark: and aboriginal peoples; and the Arctic Council; and Arctic resources; and demographic trends; and immigration policy; and the “New North,” and UNCLOS; and wind power
deserts
developing world
Diamond, Jared
diamond mining
disease
drought
Duke Energy
Dupont
East Asia Summit
ecological footprint
economics: and aging populations; and demography; and development policies; and economic discounting; and NORCs; shifting economic power; and super-regions; and urbanization; and water resources
Economist Intelligence Unit
Egypt
Ehrlich, Paul
El Niño
elderly dependency ratio
electric vehicles
endangered species
energy : and water consumption
Energy Independence and Security Act
Engels, Friedrich
environmental activism
Equatorial Guinea
ERTS satellite
An Essay on the Principle of Population (Malthus)
Estonia
ethanol
Ethiopia
Eurasia
Europe. See also specific countries: and aboriginal peoples; an
d aging populations; and agriculture; and climate change; and crop yields; and demographic trends; European Community; European Space Agency; European Union; and global warming; and urbanization; and water resources
exclusive economic zones (EEZs)
extinction of species
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
fertility rates
Finland: and aboriginal peoples; and the Arctic Council; and Arctic resources; and demographic trends; economy of; and human settlement patterns; and immigration policy; and the “New North,” and NORC collaborations; and territorial boundaries; and UNCLOS; and winter roads
Finnmark Act
fisheries
flex-fuel vehicles
flooding
Florida
food supplies. See also agriculture
Ford, Gerald
Foreign Affairs
Fort McMurray, Alberta
Fortier, Louis
fossil fuels. See also specific fuel types
Fourier, Joseph
France
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria
free trade
Frey, Karen
Friedman, Thomas
fuel-cell cars
fur trade
FutureGen
Gaddy, Clifford
Gandy, Matthew
Gautier, Catherine
Gautier, Don
Gaza
General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
General Motors Corporation
genetics
Geographic Information System (GIS)
geography
geology
George III,
geothermal power
Germany: and aging populations; and demographic trends; and economic growth models; and immigration; and North Pole expeditions; and shifting economic power; and water resources; and wind power
Ghawar oil field
Ghesquiere, Henri
Glacier National Park
glaciers: and global warming; and lakes; and permafrost; and sea levels; and water resources
Gleick, Peter
Glen Canyon Dam
Glennon, Robert
global warming. See climate change
globalization: and Arctic transportation; and Canadian oil; connection to other global forces; described; and economic ties; and global institutions; and the high Arctic; and hydrology; and immigration policy; and inertia of global forces; and market economics; and NORC collaborations; and peace and freedom measures; and population trends; and the rule of law; and shifting economic power; and “super regions,” and urbanization
Goldman Sachs
Goodall, Chris
Goodstein, David
Google, Inc.
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Grameen Bank
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)
Great Lakes
The Great Lakes Water Wars (Annin)
Great Recycling and Northern Development (GRAND) Canal
Green, Pamela
greenhouse gases: anthropogenic; and biofuels; and climate modeling; and coal; and global warming; and melting permafrost; and nuclear power; and prospects for NORCs; and sulfur dioxide; and water vapor
Greenland: and aboriginal peoples; and Arctic politics; and climate research; economy of; and the Endangered Species Act; and glaciers/ice sheets; and global warming; and Home Rule; and independence; and the “New North,”
Greenland Ice Sheet
grizzly bears
groundwater
Gulags
Gulf of Alaska
Gulf Stream
Hadley Cell circulation
Haiti
Hans Island
Harper, Stephen
Harvard Business Review
Hayflick, Leonard
High Aswan Dam
high-impact events
High Level, Alberta
high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) power transmission
Hill, Fiona
Hirsch, Bob
Hitler, Adolf
HIV/AIDS
Hockey Night in Canada
Hoefer, Tom
Hong Kong
Hoover Dam
Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay Express
Huebert, Rob
Hurricane Ike
Hurricane Katrina
hurricane vulnerability
hybrid cars
hybridization of species
hydrocarbon fuels. See also coal; natural gas; oil
hydroelectric power
hydrogen fuel
hydrology
ice-albedo feedback
Ice Road Truckers
ice sheets
icebergs
icebreakers
Iceland: and aboriginal demographics; and the Arctic Council; and Arctic resources; and demographic trends; and human settlement patterns; and immigration policy; and the “New North,” and NORC collaborations; and UNCLOS
IKEA
Ilulissat Declaration
immigration; and aging populations; and the Arctic workforce; and labor forces; and prospects for NORCs; and the United States; and xenophobia
Imperial Valley
India: and aging populations; and coal resources; and economic growth models; and human settlement patterns; and natural gas resources; and shifting economic power; and urbanization; and water resources; and wind power
Indonesia
Indus River
industrialization
inertia of global forces
information technology
insurance industry
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Energy Agency
International Geophysical Year
International Labour Organization Convention
International Maritime Organization (IMO)
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International Polar Year
Interpol
Intertropical Convergence Zone
Inuit people
Iqaluit, Nunavut Territory
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Iskut River
Israel
Italy
James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
James Bay Project
Jane’s Intelligence Review
Japan: and aging populations; and demographic trends; and economic growth models; and Far East Russia; and global warming; and nuclear power; and shifting economic power; and UNCLOS; and water resources; and wind power
Japan Center for Economic Research
Jevons, W. Stanley
Johansen, Lars-Emil
Jordan
Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn)
Kalahari Desert
Kamchatka
Karelian people
Kazakhstan
Keeling, Charles
Keeling, Ralph
Keflavik, Iceland
Kenya
Keskitalo, Aili
Keynes, John Maynard
Kiedis, Anthony
Kierans, Tom
Klare, Michael
Kola Peninsula
Korea
Kuptana, Roger
Kuwait
Kyoto Protocol
Kyrgyzstan
La Niña
La Plata basin
Lagos, Nigeria
Lake Maracaibo basin
Lake Mead
Lake Oroville
Lake Powell
Lammers, Richard
land subsidence
Landsat
Lapland
Laporte, Pierre
Laurentide ice sheet
Lawrence, David
Lebanon
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
Lesotho
Lettenmaier, Dennis
Libya
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Lisbon,
Portugal
Little Mosque on the Prairie
Lobell, Dave
Lockley, Leana
Lomonosov Ridge
Louisiana Purchase
Luzhkov, Yuri
MacDonald, Glen
MacKay, Peter
Mackenzie Gas Project
Mackenzie River
Mae Khlong River
Malaysia
Malthus, Thomas
Manavgat River
Mao Zedong
marker-assisted breeding
market economics
Marshall, John
Martell, Jim
Marx, Karl
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Mauritania
Mayer, Larry
McCain, John
Medvedev, Dmitry
megacities
megadeltas
Meridional Overturning Current (MOC)
Merkel, Angela
methane
Métis people
Metropolitan Water District
Mexico
Middle East
migration of wildlife
Mikhailova, Tatiana
militarization
Mill, John Stuart
Milly, Chris
mineral depletion rates
mineral rights
Minnesota
Miocene Epoch
modernization
Moldova
Morocco
Mosley-Thompson, Ellen
Mozambique
Mulligan, Kevin
Mumbai, India
Murmansk
National Academy of Sciences
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
natural gas
natural resources. See resource demand
Nature
Nelson, Fritz
Nenets people
neoliberalism
Netherlands
Nevada
“New North,”
New Orleans, Louisiana
Nigeria
Nile River
Nixon, Richard
Nordic countries
North Africa
North America. See specific countries
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
North American Water and Power Alliance (NAWAPA)
North Atlantic Current
North Atlantic Deep Water Formation (NADW)
North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
North Korea
North Pole
North Sea
North Slope
Northern Rim Countries (NORCs). See also specific countries: and aboriginal demographics; and agriculture; and the Arctic; free trade; and human settlement patterns; and immigration policies; listed; map of; population growth of; prospects for; and the Siberian Curse