Stolen, Smuggled, Sold
Page 22
Kramer, Samuel Noah. From the Tablets of Sumer: Twenty-five Firsts in Man’s Recorded History. Indian Hills, CO: The Falcon’s Wing Press, 1956.
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, Authorized Edition. New York: WW. Norton & Company: 2004.
Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum (Ed). Kriminalarchäologie, 2011.
Woolley, Sir Leonard. Excavations at Ur: A Record of Twelve Year’s Work. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1954.
Chapter 8: Heroes
Cuno, James. Who Owns Antiquity? Museums and the Battle over our Ancient Heritage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Greenfield, Jeanette. The Return of Cultural Treasures, 3rd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property. 1970.
Washington Conference Principles on Nazi-Confiscated Art. http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rt/hlcst/122038.htm.
Index
A
Abd el-Rassul, Ahmed and Mohammed, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
acquisition practices historical vs. modern, leniency in, 1
international law on, 1.1-1.2
Adams, John, 1 , 2
Afghanistan antiquities trafficking in, 1 , 2.1-2.2
terrorist training camps in, 1 , 2
agriculture Chinese, 1.1-1.2
Sumerian, 1.1-1.2
Agua Caliente Tribe, 1
Akhenaten (pharaoh), 1
Al Qaeda, 1.1-1.2 See also 9/11 terrorist attacks
Altman, Maria Bloch-Bauer childhood in Vienna, 1
death of, 1
family art collection reclaimed by, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
flight from Nazis, 1
American Civil War See Civil War
American Indian Movement, 1 , 2
Ancient Egyptian Archaeology Trust, 1
Anschluss, 1.1-1.2
antiquities trafficking approaches to stopping, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
estimates of value of, 1 , 2 , 3
laundering in, 1.1-1.2
organized crime in, 1.1-1.2
terrorism funded by, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2
anti-Semitism, in Vienna, 1 , 2.1-2.2
arbitration, 1
archaeology Egyptian, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
in Ur, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
See also antiquities trafficking See also Ramesses I mummy See also Sumerian vessel
Army, U.S., Seventh Cavalry, in Wounded Knee massacre, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Art and Cultural Heritage Mediation Program, 1
art museums Holocaust art held by, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
repatriation efforts by, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
responsibility for stopping illicit trade, 1.1-1.2
theft of artwork from, 1.1-1.2
See also specific museums
Art News (magazine), 1 , 2
Art Restitution Act of 1998 (Austria), 1
Asia (magazine), 1
Association for Recorded Sound Discussion List, 1.1-1.2
Association of Art Museum Directors, 1 , 2 , 3
Athenaeum of Philadelphia, 1
Atlanta See Michael C. Carlos Museum
Atlantic (magazine), 1
Atta, Mohamed connection with antiquities trafficking, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
role in 9/11 attacks, 1.1-1.2
Atwater Kent Museum (Philadelphia), 1
audio discs value of originals vs. copies of, 1.1-1.2
See also National Archives audio discs
Austria Bloch-Bauer family's lawsuit against, 1.1-1.2
Nazi annexation of, 1.1-1.2
repatriation of Holocaust art in, 1.1-1.2 , 2
in World War I, 1
See also Vienna
Austrian National Museum See Belvedere
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1.1-1.2
Ayat, Mustapha Aga, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
B
Babe Ruth Quail Hunt at Forked River (audio disc), 1.1-1.2 , 2 content of, 1
original donation of, 1 , 2
reasons for recording and saving, 1.1-1.2 , 2
recovery of, 1
for sale on eBay, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
Baghdad, National Museum of Iraq in, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Barness, Herbert, 1
Barnett, Sidney, 1 , 2
Barnett, Thomas, 1 , 2
Bauer, Adele See Bloch-Bauer, Adele
“
“Beauty in China” (Buck), 1
B
Beirut (Lebanon), Sumerian vessel in, 1
Bell, Gertrude, 1
Bellingham, Bruce, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Belvedere (Austrian National Museum) in Adele Bloch-Bauer’s will, 1 , 2 , 3
in Bloch-Bauer family's lawsuit, 1
Klimt's paintings at, before World War II, 1
Klimt's paintings at, currently, 1
Nazi sale of Adele Bloch-Bauer 1 to, 1 , 2
Belzoni, Giovanni Baptista, 1.1-1.2
Bentley, Robert (Bloch-Bauer), 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
Berlin (Germany), Pergamon Museum in, 1.1-1.2
Bern (Switzerland), Kunstmuseum in, 1.1-1.2
Beschloss, Michael, 1
Big Foot (Lakota chief), 1 , 2
Bill of Rights creation of fourteen original copies of, 1
North Carolina’s call for, 1 , 2 , 3
North Carolina’s ratification of, 1
status of fourteen original copies of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Bill of Rights, North Carolina’s copy of, 1.1-1.2 , 2 copying error on, 1
creation and delivery of, 1 , 2 , 3
current home of, 1.1-1.2
economic value of, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
emotional resonance of, 1
FBI involvement with, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
identification of, 1 , 2
legal battle by NC to reclaim, 1.1-1.2
material of, 1
opportunities for NC to buy back, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2
original location in Capitol, 1.1-1.2 , 2
owned by Pratt, 1.1-1.2
owned by Shotwell family, 1 , 2.1-2.2
repatriation of, 1.1-1.2
stolen by Civil War soldier in 1865, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
twelve amendments on, 1
Bingham, Hiram, 1
bin Laden, Osama, 1
Black Fox, 1
Bloch-Bauer, Adele, 1.1-1.2 as activist and patron, 1
death of, 1
family of, 1
Klimt's friendship with, 1 , 2
Klimt's paintings of, 1.1-1.2
marriage of, 1
physical appearance of, 1 , 2
will of, 1 , 2 , 3
See also Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer 1
Bloch-Bauer, Ferdinand, 1.1-1.2 contents of art collection of, 1
death of, 1
flight from Nazis, 1.1-1.2
Klimt’s works owned by, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
marriage of, 1
Nazi seizure of art collection of, 1.1-1.2
Palais Bloch-Bauer of, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5
will of, 1
See also Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer 1
Bloch-Bauer, Gustav, 1 , 2
Bloch-Bauer, Karl, 1 , 2
Bloch-Bauer, Leopold, 1 , 2
Bloch-Bauer, Louise, 1
Bloch-Bauer, Luisa, 1
Bloch-Bauer, Maria See Altmann, Maria Bloch-Bauer
Bloch-Bauer, Robert See Bentley, Robert
Bloch-Bauer, Theresa, 1 , 2
Bloom, David, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
Blum, Karen, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Book-of-the-Month Club, 1 , 2 , 3
Bowling, Kenneth, 1.1-1.2
British Museum (London) Parthenon marbles in, 1.1-1.2
refusal to repatriate colonial artifacts, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Brosz, Dan on American Indian Movement, 1
on Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, 1
on Ghost Dance movement, 1
on Ghost Dance Shirt, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
on Wounded Knee massacre, 1
Brown, Dee, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, 1
Brugsch, Emile, 1.1-1.2
Buck, Carol Grace, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Buck, Janice, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Buck, John Lossing, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
Buck, Pearl, 1.1-1.2 , 2 awards won by, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4 , 5
“Beauty in China”, 1
bicultural experience of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
birth of, 1
childhood of, 1.1-1.2
children of, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
death of, 1
East Wind West Wind, 1
education of, 1
The Exile, 1 , 2
family of, 1.1-1.2
Fighting Angel, 1
For Spacious Skies, 1
Harris's relationship with, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
humanitarian work of, 1.1-1.2
“In China Too”, 1
marriage to Buck, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
marriage to Walsh, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
missionaries denounced by, 1.1-1.2
The Mother, 1
origins of writing career, 1 , 2.1-2.2
popularity with women, 1 , 2
revival of interest in, 1.1-1.2
success of writing career, 1 , 2.1-2.2
typewriter of, 1 , 2 , 3
will of, 1
See also The Good Earth
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show, 1.1-1.2
burial sites after Wounded Knee massacre, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
See also tombs
Burke Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, 1
Burns, Ken, 1
Burnt Thigh, 1
Burpee, David, 1 , 2
Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (Brown), 1
C
Cambodia, 1 , 2
Canada Bloch-Bauers’ emigration to, 1
See also Niagara Falls Museum and Daredevil Hall of Fame
Carabinieri Art Squad, 1
Chambers, Charles Edwards, 1
children, miniature vessels in graves of, 1
China agriculture in, 1.1-1.2
in Buck's The Good Earth, 1 , 2
Buck’s humanitarian work on, 1.1-1.2
Buck’s life in, 1.1-1.2
missionaries in, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
women in, 1
China Emergency Relief Committee, 1
Chinese Emergency Fund, 1
Christian missionaries, in China, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Christie, Agatha, 1.1-1.2 Murder in Mesopotamia, 1 , 2
Churchill, Winston, 1
Civil War in North Carolina, 1.1-1.2
Reconstruction after, 1.1-1.2
relics taken by soldiers in, 1 , 2
clothing, for Ghost Dance, 1.1-1.2 See also Ghost Dance Shirt
Cody, William “Buffalo Bill”, 1.1-1.2
Cole, J. David, 1
collecting institutions definition of, 1
insider crime as most common crime in, 1 , 2 , 3
international law on acquisition by, 1.1-1.2
problematic provenance as common among, 1.1-1.2
responsibility for stopping illicit trade, 1.1-1.2
spoils of war in, 1
See also specific types and institutions
collections professionals education of, 1.1-1.2
vs. private collectors, 1.1-1.2
colonialism British, refusal to repatriate artifacts of, 1
in China, 1
transfer of cultural treasures in, 1
Comanche Nation, 1
concentration camps, 1 , 2 , 3
Confederate flag, 1.1-1.2
Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, 1 , 2
Conn, Peter, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 Pearl Buck: A Literary Biography, 1
Constitution, U.S. controversy over ratification of, 1
North Carolina's ratification of, 1
See also Bill of Rights
Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, 1
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 1 , 2
Cooper, Roy, 1
Cornell University, 1
Cosmopolitan (magazine), 1
Crager, George C., 1.1-1.2
Crawford, Joan, 1
crime slippery slope in, 1.1-1.2
See also specific types
Crow, Jeff, 1.1-1.2 , 2
cultural treasures approaches to stopping illicit trade in, 1.1-1.2
categories of, 1
commonalities among, 1.1-1.2
definition of, 1
ethics in ownership of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
functions of, 1 , 2
international law on protection of, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
transfer of, during wars, 1 , 2.1-2.2
transfer of, in colonial expansion, 1
vulnerability of, 1.1-1.2
See also specific types and works
cuneiform, 1
Custer, George, 1
Czernin, Hubertus, 1 , 2
D
Dakota tribe, 1
Database of National Cultural Heritage Laws, 1
Declaration of Independence, value of early copy of, 1 , 2
Dempster, Susan Shaddinger, 1 , 2
DNA testing, of mummies, 1.1-1.2
Douglas, James, 1 , 2
dynasties, Egyptian, 1.1-1.2
E
eagle feathers, 1
Earl, John, 1
Easley, Michael, 1
East and West Association, 1
East Wind West Wind (Buck), 1
eBay, National Archives audio discs for sale on, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
economic value See value
education, of collections professionals, 1.1-1.2
Edwards, Amelia, 1
Eggebrecht, Arne, 1
Egypt archaeology in, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
dynasties and kingdoms of, 1.1-1.2
grave robbers in, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
pharaohs of, 1.1-1.2
public interest in history of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
removal of cultural treasures from, 1
See also Ramesses I
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1 , 2
Elgin marbles, 1.1-1.2
Emancipation Proclamation, 1
Emory University See Michael C. Carlos Museum
ethics in handling of The Good Earth (Buck) typescript, 1.1-1.2
and international law on cultural treasures, 1.1-1.2
opportunities for education in, 1.1-1.2
in ownership of cultural treasures, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Europe, Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show in, 1
European Research Council, 1
European Shoah Legacy Institute, 1
T
The Exile (Buck), 1 , 2
F
Faust, Gunther, 1.1-1.2
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and American Indian Movement, 1
on antiquities trafficking and 9/11 attacks, 1
Art Crime Team of, 1
on The Good Earth (Buck) typescript, 1 , 2
on insider crime, 1
and North Carolina's copy of Bill of Rights, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
federal recordkeeping See National Archives
Ferriero, David, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
Fighting Angel (Buck), 1
First Federal Congress Project, 1.1-1.2
Fisher, Wesley, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
flag, Confederate, 1.1-1.2
Flöge, Emilie, 1 , 2 , 3
Flöge, Helene, 1
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
For Spacious Skies (Buck and Harris), 1
Forum (periodical), 1
Franz Josef I (emperor), 1 , 2 , 3
Freeman's Auction House, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
G
General Orders, during Civil War, 1
Geneva Freeport, 1
Gerhard Hirsch Nachfolger auction house, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Germany Al Qaeda in, 1
See also Nazi Germany See also specific cities
Getty Museum, 1
Ghost Dance clothing for, 1.1-1.2
description of ceremonies, 1
origins and spread of, 1.1-1.2
protection from bullets through, 1 , 2
U.S. response to, 1
T
The Ghost Dance Religion and Wounded Knee (Mooney), 1 , 2 , 3
G
Ghost Dance Shirt, 1.1-1.2 , 2 Crager's acquisition of, 1.1-1.2
death of wearer of, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
design and material of, 1 , 2.1-2.2
emotional resonance of, 1 , 2
origins of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
as protection from bullets, 1 , 2 , 3
repatriation of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
in Scotland, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
at South Dakota Cultural Heritage Center, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5
as stolen vs. war loot, 1
value of, 1
Gibson, Gayle, 1.1-1.2
Gilder, Richard, 1
Glasgow (Scotland) Buffalo Bill’s Wild West show in, 1
McLellan Galleries in, 1
See also Kelvingrove Museum
Goldin, J. David career of, 1.1-1.2
discs donated by, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2
as hero, 1
radio and audio collection of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
on stolen discs on eBay, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Goldin, Joyce, 1
Gold Period, of Klimt, 1
Gone with the Wind (Mitchell), 1.1-1.2
Gonzalez, Mario, 1 , 2 , 3
T
The Good Earth (Buck) characters and story of, 1 , 2
film version of, 1 , 2 , 3
inspiration for, 1
publication of, 1 , 2.1-2.2
revival of interest in, 1.1-1.2
sales of, 1.1-1.2
success of, 1.1-1.2
title of, 1
writing of, 1.1-1.2
The Good Earth (film), 1 , 2 , 3
The Good Earth (Buck) typescript, 1.1-1.2 , 2 creation of, 1.1-1.2
current location of, 1 , 2
delivery to publisher, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
disappearance of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2