Astronomer Royal (England), 349
Airy as, 24, 24, 83, 215
purpose of, 24
Astronomer Royal (Scotland), 98
Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America, 249–50, 347
“The Astronomical Observer of Harvard University,” 29
astronomical recorder, 66
Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), 245, 266
Astronomie Populaire (Arago), 53
astronomy
Clerke on, 248
exact, 131, 137
eye and, 13–17
geography and, 24–25
historian, 349
instruments used in, 13, 67
during nineteenth century, 23–28, 230, 321
observational, 98
photography of, 71
positional, 25, 131–33
research programs, 251–52
stellar, 79
visual, 13, 71, 112–13
astronomy, classical, 13
exactitude and, 25–26
during nineteenth century, 23–28, 321
astrophotography, 349
Astrophysical Journal, 147, 238, 241, 248, 301, 347
astrophysics
benefactors of, 252–55
Clerke on, 250
domains of, 247
emergence and growth of, 246, 248, 251–55
methods of, 238
objective of, 142
observational, 13–14
perception of, 250
practice of, 23–24
of Sun, 192–93
BAA. See British Astronomical Association
Babbage, Charles, 169
Babcock, Harold, 292
Ball, Robert, 271
Baltimore, Lord, 25
Barbaro, Daniello, 43
Barker, George, 131
Barnard, Edward Emerson, 239, 347, 349
on comets, 143
Roberts and, 239–44, 242
surveys of, 145–46, 151
at Yerkes Observatory, 269–70, 300
Barrett, Storrs, 271
Bauer, Francis, 44
BD. See Bonner Durchmusterung
Becquerel, Edmond, 53, 107
Berkowski, 346
Berlin Academy, 177, 179
Berthoud, Ferdinand, 31
Berzelius, Jöns Jacob, 156
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, 24–26, 95
Beta Aurigae (star), 234
Betelgeuse (star), 170, 200–203, 202, 232
Big Dipper, 233
Biot, Jean Baptiste, 47
Black, James Wallace, 76–78
Bond, Elizabeth, 23, 30, 76–77
Bond, George Phillips, 65, 98, 346, 349
Bond, William Cranch, and, 33–34, 37–39
Harvard College Observatory and, 57–61, 66–67, 76–80, 115, 118
Whipple and, 57–61, 66–67, 76–80
Bond, Hannah Cranch, 23
Bond, Richard, 33, 35, 39, 66, 346, 349
Bond, Thomas, 23, 32, 33
Bond, William Cranch, 346, 349
achievements of, 31, 53
Bond, George Phillips, and, 33–34, 37–39, 66–67
on celestial position measurement, 30–31, 34
childhood of, 22–23, 28, 29
Comet of 1843 and, 35–36
Cottage Street home of, 33, 33–34
at Dana House, 35–36
family business of, 22, 29, 32–33
on Great Comet of 1811, 30
Harvard College Observatory and, 34–39, 76–77, 115
marriage of, 32, 33
on Orion Nebula, 37–39
reports by, 32
solar eclipse and, 22–23
trips of, 31–32
Whipple and, 53, 54, 56–61, 66–67
Bond, William Cranch, Jr., 35
Bonner Durchmusterung (BD), 134–35
Boss, Lewis, 287
Boston, 21–23, 50, 61
Boston Courier, 50
Boston Tea Party, 22
Bowditch, Nathaniel, 30
Boyden, Uriah Atherton, 252
Boyle, Robert, 163–64
Brahe, Tycho, 34
Brashear, John, 349
autobiography of, 105–6
as instrument maker, 233, 261–62, 265, 308
Brewster, David, 180, 182, 185
British Association for the Advancement of Science, 65, 82, 98, 266
British Astronomical Association (BAA), 245
British Journal of Photography, 74, 113
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 50
Bruce, Catherine Wolfe, 139, 143, 253, 270
Brucia asteroid, 143
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, 346, 349, 351
discoveries and works of, 155–56, 172–85, 175
Kirchhoff, Gustav, and, 159–62, 161, 172–85, 196–98, 207
on solar spectrum, 107, 109, 175, 175–85
at University of Heidelberg, 155–59
Burnham, Sherburne Wesley, 270
reputation of, 259, 259–60
writings of, 260
Buys-Ballot, Christoph Hendrik Diederik, 208–9, 210–11
calcium, 266
California Institute of Technology, 296
calotype
development of, 47, 71
patent, 47, 69
photographic process, 68–69, 346
Talbot on, 47–48
Calver, George, 121, 283
camera. See also daguerreotype
application of, 17, 39, 131, 142–43
eye and, 58, 70
obscura, 43–44
telescope and, 69–71, 80
tripod-mounted, 346
Campbell, William Wallace, 232–33, 233, 248, 286, 309, 349
Canis Major (constellation), 30
Cannon, Annie J., 109, 228–29, 229, 350
Capella, 118, 222
Cape Photographic Durchmusterung (CPD), 136
Carnegie, Andrew, 253–54, 286, 294
Carnegie Institution, 285–89, 296
Carrington, Richard, 195
Carte du Ciel, 254–55
creation of, 137–38
sky-mapping project, 140, 140–42, 230, 347, 350
Cartmell, Rowlandson, 173
Cassegrain, Guillaume, 275
Cassell’s Book of Sports and Pastimes, 261
Castelli, Benedetto, 78
Castor (double-star), 61
Cat’s Eye, 205
celestial pole, 25
“The Century’s Progress in Science,” 19
Cepheids
in Andromeda Nebula, 314–15, 318
disclosure of, 325
Hubble, Edwin, on, 314, 314–19
older, 318
Shapley on, 305–6, 314–18
variable star, discovery of, 314–15
“Cepheids in Spiral Nebulae,” 316
Cepheid variable star, 348, 351
cesium, 176–77
Chant, Clarence A., 257
Chapman, 188
“Chemical Analysis by Spectrum-observations,” 173
chemical compounds, 158
chemical elements, 158, 181, 187
color of, 162, 174–75
discovery of, 176, 190–91
number of, 189
spectra of, 175–85
of Sun, 14, 175–85
Chemical News, 182
Chemical Society of London, 66, 182, 186
The Chemist, 72
Chicago Tribune, 286
chloride of iodine, 55
chronometer
costs of, 33
manufacture of, 32–33
marine, 25
seagoing, 31
uses of, 26
Clark, Alvan Graham, 267–68, 349
Clark, George Bassett, 349
Clerke, Agnes, 126, 349
on astronomy, 248
on astrophysics, 250
phrases of, 206
writings of, 21, 109–10, 120, 125, 135, 172
>
clockmakers, 30–32
Coast Survey, U.S., 28
color
of chemical elements, 162, 174–75
discrete, 174
Doppler’s theory of star, 210–14
eye and, 60, 162
eye-friendly, 90
flames’ emission of, 173–74, 177, 183
index, 79
within light, 174
light of different, 60
Newton on primary, 163–65, 164
primary, 164–65
of rainbows, 163
of stars, 202–3
Colours (Boyle), 163
Columbian Centinel, 22
Comet Donati (1858)
appearance of, 79
photography of, 346
Comet of 1843, 35–36
comets, 194
Barnard on, 143
discovery of, 143
Common, Andrew Ainslie, 138, 331, 347, 350
childhood of, 120–21, 121
on photographic library, 130–31, 204, 281
on reflector telescope, 90–91, 144
telescopes of, 121–26, 123, 143, 256
Common, John, 120
Congress, U.S., 27–28
On the Construction of a Silvered Glass Telescope (Draper, Henry), 102, 102, 104–5
“Contributions Toward the History of Spectral Analysis and the Analysis of the Solar Atmosphere,” 183
Corona Australis, 312
cosmochemistry
analysis through light, 172
response to tale of, 196
CPD. See Cape Photographic Durchmusterung
Cranch, Selina, 32, 33
Crookes, William, 172, 182–85
Crossley, Edward, 144
“The Crossley Reflector of the Lick Observatory,” 150
Crossley reflector telescope
Keeler on, 144–50, 149, 232
at Lick Observatory, 144–50, 149, 232
portrayal of, 145
spectrograph and, 150
superiority of, 148
cryptography, 194, 203
Crystal Palace, 62–63, 65, 346
Curtis, Heber D., 309–10
Daguerre, Louis Jacques Mandé
Arago and, 40–42, 42, 46–51
Diorama and, 42–43, 48
manual by, 50–51
Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore, and, 45
photography of, 40–41, 41, 54
daguerreotype
celestial photography and, 61–64
of crescent Moon, 64
development of, 45–47, 50–51
Great Refractor and, 53–54, 59–60, 63
of Jupiter, 63
of Jupiter at Harvard College Observatory, 346
method, 42, 68–69
of Moon, 56–58, 61–64, 63, 66, 346
of Moon at Harvard College Observatory, 61–64, 346
of Moon by Draper, John William, 51–53
plates, 55, 58–60
process, 47, 48–49, 346, 350
of quarter Moon, 62–63
of Sun, 346, 350
of total solar eclipse, 346
of Vega at Harvard College Observatory, 346
by Whipple, John Adams, 56–64, 66
Dallmeyer, J. H., 136
Darkness at Noon (Newell), 21–22
Dartmouth College, 191
da Vinci, Leonardo, 163
Dawes, William (Eagle-eye), 195
Dearborn Observatory, 260
Debilissima, 102
de Ferrer, Joaquin, 21
De La Rue, Warren, 65, 98, 120, 153, 331, 350
comments and reports of, 82, 182, 186, 207, 346
construction of photoheliograph by, 346
drawings of, 67, 67
interests and inventions of, 66–67
observatory of, 80–85, 81
reflector telescopes of, 73–75, 74
telescopes of, 80–85, 83
della Porta, Giovanni Battista, 43
De rebus metallicis, 43
de Saint Victor, Claude Niépce, 71
Descartes, Rene, 163
de Sitter, Willem, 323–24, 328
Dioptrique (Descartes), 163
Diorama
Daguerre and, 42–43, 48
presentations at, 43
Dixon, Jeremiah, 25
Donati, Giovanni Battista, 199–200
Doppler, Christian, 209, 231, 350
on frequency of wave, 209–11
theory of star colors, 210–14
Doppler effect, 209–11, 231
Doppler shift, 231
Draco (constellation), 205
Draper, Anna Palmer, 96, 106, 109, 119, 221, 224–28, 234, 252, 350
Draper, Daniel, 101
Draper, Dorothy, 52
Draper, Henry, 188, 190, 190, 215–16, 331, 347, 350
careers of, 99
Draper, John William, and, 97, 100, 106–8, 220–21
education of, 97–98
formative years of, 96–97, 97
Holden and, 217, 221
Huggins, William, and, 218–23
memoir of, 131
Moon photography of, 104, 104–6
observatory of, 101–2, 102, 107–11, 108, 115, 283
Orion Nebula and, 115–20, 116, 117, 124
reflector and refractor telescopes of, 114–19, 115
on silvered-glass telescope, 99–106
writings of, 102, 104–6, 225, 228
Draper, John Christopher, 98
Draper, John William, 346, 350
on daguerreotype of Moon, 51–53
Draper, Henry, and, 97, 100, 106–8, 220–21
expertise of, 51, 51–52
photography of, 53
writings of, 96–97
Draper Catalogue of Stellar Spectra (Draper, Henry), 228
Dreyer, L. E., 301
Drummond lamp, 178
Dumbbell Nebula, 130, 269
Dun Echt Observatory, 132
Eagle-eye. See Dawes, William
Earth, 25, 27, 60
Eddington, Arthur, 304
Einstein, Albert, 348
General Theory of Relativity of, 321–24, 348
Hubble, Edwin, and, 328, 330
electrochemistry, 66
Ellerman, Ferdinand, 266, 287–88
England, 83–84. See also Astronomer Royal; Royal Greenwich Observatory
Greenwich, 24, 26, 31–32, 34, 231–32, 237, 251
science in, 350
Europe
astronomers in, 248–49, 251–52
astronomy in, 28
scientific philanthropy in, 254–55
Evans, David, 142
eye
astronomy and, 13–17, 19
camera and, 58, 70
capacity of, 13
colors and, 60, 162
eye-friendly color, 90
eyepiece, 70
Fabricius, Georg, 43
Farrar, John, 30
Fathers and Sons (Turgenev), 156
Federal Depot of Charts and Instruments, 28
Finlay, William H., 132
Fitz, Harry. See Fitz, Henry G.
Fitz, Henry, 350
Rutherfurd and, 88–92
skills of, 87
as telescope maker, 87–88
Fitz, Henry G. (Harry), 88, 88, 92
Fitz, Julia, 88
Fitz, Lewis Rutherfurd, 89
Fizeau, Armand-Hippolyte-Louis, 346, 350
assertions of, 212–13
discovery of, 49, 53
Flamsteed, John, 34
Fleming, Williamina, 143, 228, 228–29, 350
focusing, 59–60
Foucault, J. B. L., 178–79
Foucault, Léon, 53, 100, 281–82, 346, 350
Fox, Philip, 239
France, 28, 48
Frankland, Edward, 184
Fraunhofer, Joseph, 36, 87, 182, 350
childhood of, 166
education of, 167
optical
career of, 167, 167–70, 186–87
technology and, 199
Fraunhofer lines, 183, 185, 200
absorption, 190, 216
creation of, 178
discovery of, 168–70
French Academy of Sciences, 40, 47, 95
Friedmann, Alexander, 323–24
Frost, Edwin B., 238–39, 270, 300, 302
Furness, Helen, 246
galaxies, 14, 318
diameter of, 348
radial velocities of, 347, 348
Galileo, 128
gases, noble, 191
Gay-Lussac, Joseph Louis, 48
gelatin
bromide dry plates, 113–14
dry-plate photographic process, 113, 216, 347, 351
“Gelatine,” 112
gelatino-bromide dry plates, 114
General Catalog of Stellar Parallaxes, 270
General Catalogue of Double Stars (Burnham), 260
General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars (Herschel, John), 204
“A General Study of Diffuse Galactic Nebulae,” 312
General Theory of Relativity, 321–24, 348
geography
coordinates within, 34
U.S. land grants and, 24–25
Germany, 28
Gernsheim, Helmut, 45
Gill, David, 347, 350
career and vision of, 132, 132–33, 139, 142
on Great Comet of 1882, 132–36, 135, 149
on telescopes, 133
Gladstone, John Hall, 172, 182, 185
Globe (London), 50
God in History (von Bunsen), 158
Goodricke, John, 305
Gough, Douglas, 299
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp, 94–95, 100
gratings
concave reflection, 187–88
diffraction, 186–87, 261–62
precision diffusion, 187–88
proper curvature, 188–89
Gray, Asa, 36
Great Britain, 28
Great Comet of 1811, 30
Great Comet of 1882, 132–36, 135, 149, 347
Great Debate of 1920, 309–10, 348, 352
Great Exhibition (1851), 62–63, 65, 346
Great Melbourne Telescope, 280, 280–81, 347
Great Refractor, 116
arrival of, 37–39, 38
daguerreotype and, 53–54, 59–60, 63
mechanized observing chair for, 81
Munich drive of, 59, 61, 64, 71, 77
Great Solar Eclipse (1806), 21–23, 64
Greenwich (England), 24, 26, 31–32, 34, 231–32, 237, 251
Grubb, Thomas, 280
Grubb refractor telescope, 215
Hadley, John, 275
Hale, Evelina, 292–93
Hale, George Ellery, 249–50, 262, 301, 331, 347, 349
achievements of, 272
childhood of, 259–61
education of, 262, 264
family of, 259–61, 262–63, 271, 292–93
innovations of, 266
Kenwood Physical Observatory of, 263–67, 265, 266, 290
maladies of, 292–95, 312
at Mount Wilson Observatory, 285–98, 297
spectroheliograph and, 264–66, 347
on spectroscopy, 261
telescopes of, 261, 283–84
Hale, Martha, 260–61
Hale, Mary, 260–61
Starlight Detectives Page 47
