Heart--A History
Page 24
Link, Mark S., et al. “An Experimental Model of Sudden Death Due to Low-Energy Chest-Wall Impact (Commotio Cordis).” The New England Journal of Medicine 338, no. 25 (1998): 1805–11.
MacWilliam, John A. “Cardiac Failure and Sudden Death.” British Medical Journal 1, no. 1462 (1889): 6.
Mines, George Ralph. “On Circulating Excitations in Heart Muscles and Their Possible Relation to Tachycardia and Fibrillation.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 8 (1914): 43–52.
Myerburg, Robert J., Kenneth M. Kessler, and Agustin Castellanos. “Pathophysiology of Sudden Cardiac Death.” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 14, no. 5 (1991): 935–43.
Ruelle, David, and Floris Takens. “On the Nature of Turbulence.” Communications in Mathematical Physics 20, no. 3 (1971): 167–92.
Winfree, Arthur T. “Electrical Turbulence in Three-Dimensional Heart Muscle.” Science 206 (1994): 1003–1006.
________. “Sudden Cardiac Death: A Problem in Topology?” Scientific American 248, no. 5 (1983): 144–61.
10. GENERATOR
Heilman, M. S. “Collaboration with Michel Mirowski on the Development of the AICD.” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 14, no. 5 (1991): 910–15.
Jeffrey, Kirk. Machines in Our Hearts: The Cardiac Pacemaker, the Implantable Defibrillator, and American Health Care. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.
Kinney, Martha Pat. “Knickerbocker, G. Guy.” Science Heroes. www.scienceheroes.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=338&Itemid=284.
Mirowski, M., et al. “Termination of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias with an Implanted Automatic Defibrillator in Human Beings.” The New England Journal of Medicine 303, no. 6 (1980): 322–24.
Mower, Morton M. “Building the AICD with Michel Mirowski.” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 14, no. 5 (1991): 928–34.
Worthington, Janet Farrar. “The Engineer Who Could.” Hopkins Medical News (Winter 1998).
11. REPLACEMENT PARTS
Cooley, Denton A. “The Total Artificial Heart as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation: Personal Recollections.” Texas Heart Institute Journal 28, no. 3 (2001): 200.
DeVries, William C., Jeffrey L. Anderson, Lyle D. Joyce, Fred L. Anderson, Elizabeth H. Hammond, Robert K. Jarvik, and Willem J. Kolff. “Clinical Use of the Total Artificial Heart.” The New England Journal of Medicine 310, no. 5 (1984): 273–78.
McCrae, Donald. Every Second Counts: The Race to Transplant the First Human Heart. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 2006.
“Norman Shumway, Heart Transplantation Pioneer, Dies at 83.” Stanford Medicine News Center, Feb. 10, 2007. med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2006/02/norman-shumway-heart-transplantation-pioneer-dies-at-83.html.
Perciaccante, A., M. A. Riva, A. Coralli, P. Charlier, and R. Bianucci. “The Death of Balzac (1799–1850) and the Treatment of Heart Failure During the Nineteenth Century.” Journal of Cardiac Failure 22, no. 11 (2016): 930–33.
Strauss, Michael J. “The Political History of the Artificial Heart.” The New England Journal of Medicine 310, no. 5 (1984): 332–36.
Woolley, F. Ross. “Ethical Issues in the Implantation of the Artificial Heart.” The New England Journal of Medicine 310, no. 5 (1984): 292–96.
12. VULNERABLE HEART
Lown, Bernard. The Lost Art of Healing. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.
Sears, Samuel F., Jamie B. Conti, Anne B. Curtis, Tara L. Saia, Rebecca Foote, and Francis Wen. “Affective Distress and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: Cases for Psychological and Behavioral Interventions.” Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2, no. 12 (1999): 1831–34.
13. A MOTHER’S HEART
De Silva, Regis A. “John MacWilliam, Evolutionary Biology, and Sudden Cardiac Death.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 14, no. 7 (1989): 1843–49.
14. COMPENSATORY PAUSE
Dimsdale, Joel E. “Psychological Stress and Cardiovascular Disease.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology 51, no. 13 (2008): 1237–46.
Acknowledgments
I am deeply indebted to so many for their help and support in the writing of this book, but none more so than the patients I’ve had the privilege to care for and learn from during my years as a physician.
My agent, Todd Shuster, has been a friend and an ally for almost two decades. He made me believe that I could write books.
I owe a debt of gratitude to my brilliant editor, Alex Star, who had a clear vision for this book when we first discussed it over lunch. “It will be about the heart, not the heart doctor,” he continually reminded me. “We will get closer to our own hearts by reading this book.” Alex’s editorial acumen is present throughout. I was very lucky to work with him.
I also wish to thank several other colleagues at Farrar, Straus and Giroux: Dominique Lear, who attended to so many important details during the publication process; Jonathan Lippincott, who managed the design; Nick Courage, who created my website; Ingrid Sterner, my copy editor; Susan Goldfarb, my production editor; Scott Borchert; Laury Frieber; and my wonderful publicity team: Jeff Seroy, Brian Gittis, Sarita Varma, and Daniel del Valle.
And of course I am indebted to Jonathan Galassi and Eric Chinski for giving me the chance to write the book in the first place.
I have had the enormous privilege of writing for The New York Times for two decades. I am grateful to the many editors there who have helped shape me as a writer, but I owe a special thanks to the preternaturally smart Jamie Ryerson, my op-ed page editor, who has pushed me in my journalism as much as anyone I’ve worked with.
I am lucky to have a tremendous group of colleagues where I work. I especially want to thank Tamara Jansz, my dear friend; Kim Hammond; Maureen Hogan; Tracey Spruill; and Mickey Katz. I am also grateful to Barry Kaplan, Michael Dowling, David Battinelli, and Lawrence Smith for their ongoing support of my writing.
Several other friends and assistants have earned my heartfelt appreciation, including Eugenie L-Shiah, Angela Goddard, Elias Altman, Sarah Tanchuck, Abbey Wolf, Lisa DeBenedettis, Sung Lee, and Paul Elie. They all critiqued early drafts of the manuscript or assisted me with research. Two assistants stand out for special recognition, Cody Elkhechen and Isabella Gomes, for their intense devotion to the manuscript and for making countless helpful suggestions.
Of course, I am ultimately responsible for these contents. If there are any mistakes, the fault is mine and mine alone.
I save my deepest gratitude for my family: my father, Prem, and my dear sister, Suneeta; my mother, Raj, whom I will always miss; and my brother, Rajiv, who was a deep reservoir of support throughout the entire enterprise. I am also grateful to my wife Sonia’s family for their love and support.
Before I had kids, my mother told me, “You can never understand just how much you will love them.” She was right. My son, Mohan, is my right-hand man. My darling Pia was the first to tell me to write a book about the heart. They are the twin lights of my life.
Finally, I am ever grateful to my dear wife, Sonia, my partner for twenty years, my love, my toughest critic, and the one person without whom my life would not be.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
ACE inhibitors
acute infectious diseases
adrenaline
Advocate Christ Medical Center (Oak Lawn, Illinois)
Africa
African-Americans
“agonal” breathing
AIDS
alcohol consumption
alcohol withdrawal
algorithms, treatment
Allenstein (Germany)
allostasis
alpha-lipoic acid
alternative medicine
Altman, Lawrence
Amberg, Ray
American Heart Ass
ociation
American Heart Journal
amiodarone
Anatomical and Surgical Society of Brooklyn
Anderson, Patty
anger
angina
angiogenesis
angiograms; CT
angioplasty
animal experiments; on artificial heart; on autonomic and parasympathetic nervous systems; on cardiac catheterization; on cardiac electrophysiology; on cholesterol; on circulation; on defibrillation; on emotional and psychological disruption; on heart-lung machines; on implantable cardiac devices; on surgical techniques; on transplantation
antecubital vein
atherosclerosis; in South Asians; see also plaque
antianxiety medications
antibiotics
antidepressants
anti-inflammatory drugs
antirejection drugs
Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare)
anxiety
aorta; catheters inserted through; heart-lung machines and
aortic dissection
aortic valve
apnea
Archives of Internal Medicine
Aristotle
Arkansas, University of
arousal
arrhythmias; electrophysiology of; implanted defibrillators causing; medications for preventing; see also ventricular fibrillation
artificial hearts
Ativan
atria; catheters threaded into; congenital defects of; mitral valve infections and; see also sinoatrial node
atrial septal defects (ASDs)
atrioventricular node
attention deficits
Auguste-Viktoria Hospital (Eberswalde, Germany)
Australian Aboriginal, The (Basedow)
autonomic nervous system
autonomy
autopsies
Aztecs
Bachman, Adolph
backflow
Bailey, Charles P.
Bakken, Earl
balloon angioplasty
Baltimore
Balzac, Honoré de
Bangladesh
Barnard, Christiaan
Basedow, Herbert
Battelli, Frédéric
Bavolek, Cecilia
Baylor College of Medicine
Beck, Claude
Bellevue Hospital (New York City); cardiology fellowships at; and 9/11 terrorist attack
Benzedrine
Berlin (Germany); University of
Bernard, Claude
beta-blockers
Bethesda Naval Hospital
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston)
Bigelow, Wilfred
Billroth, Theodor
biological mechanisms
black Americans
Block, M.
blood clots; artificial hearts as cause of
blood flow; in artificial hearts; dropping or inadequate; improvement of; plaques obstructing; restoration of; ventricular fibrillation and; see also circulation
blood pressure; causes of drops in; high, see hypertension/high blood pressure
“Blood Pressure and Heart Action in Sleep and Dreams” (MacWilliam)
blood tests
blood thinners
body weight
Böhme, Jakob
Boston; hospitals in
Boston Scientific Corporation
brain damage
brain death
breast cancer
breath, shortness of
bridge therapy
Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston)
Bristol (England)
Britain; epidemiological studies in; India ruled by
British East India Company
British Medical Journal
Brock, Lord
broken-heart syndrome, see takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Bruenn, Howard
Buffalo; University of
Bull, Lucien
bypass surgery
cadavers; surgical techniques practiced on
Cairo
California
California, University of: Berkeley; Los Angeles (UCLA); San Francisco
Cambridge School of Physiology
Canada
cancer; breast; lung
Cannon, Walter B.
capacitance
Cape Town (South Africa)
cardiac arrest; defibrillators to reverse
cardiac care units (CCUs)
cardiac catheterization; angioplasty performed with; experiments on
cardiac electrophysiology
cardiac restitution
cardiac tamponade
cardiac work cycles
cardioid
cardiomyopathy
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); see also defibrillation
CardioWest, artifical heart
Carrel, Alexis
Carrión, Daniel
Case Western Reserve University
cautery
cellular ion channel
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
Chambers Center for Well Being (Morristown, New Jersey)
chaos
Chardack, William
Charité Hospital (Berlin)
charity hospitals
Charles I, King of England
Cheney, Dick
chest compressions
Chicago
Chicago Medical College
cholera
cholesterol
Churchill, Edward
Churchill, Winston
cigarette smoking, see smoking
circulation; electrophysiology of; Harvey’s discovery of; methods of stopping during heart surgery (see cross-circulation; heart-lung machines; hypothermia); see also blood flow
Civil War
Clark, Barney
Cleveland
Cleveland, Grover
Cleveland Clinic
clinical trials
Clinician’s Handbook of Natural Healing, The (Null)
Cobb, W. Montague
cognitive-behavioral therapy
cognitive impairment
collateral circulation
Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center
community-based emergency rescue programs
compensatory pause
congenital heart abnormalities
congestive heart failure; end-stage
Congress, U.S.
consent
continuous-flow devices
Cooley, Denton
Cornish, James
coronary artery calcifications, see atherosclerosis; plaque
coronary bypass surgery, see bypass surgery
coronary thrombosis
cortisol
Cosmopolitan magazine
Cournand, André
CPR, see cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Crandall (high school science teacher)
Cro-Magnons
cross-circulation
CT scans
Dalton, Henry
Damascus
Dante Alighieri
Darwin, Charles
DeBakey, Michael
defibrillators; implantable
De humani corporis fabrica (Vesalius)
delirium cordis
dementia
De motu cordis (Harvey)
Dennis, Clarence
depression
Detroit
DeVries, William
DeWood, Marcus
diabetes
dialysis
diet
Diseases of the Circulatory System (Osler)
Ditzen, Gerda
diuretics
Dodrill, Forest
Dominican order
do-not-resuscitate orders
Dotter, Charles
Douglass, Frederick
Down syndrome
dreams
drug abuse and addiction
earthquakes
Easter Island
Ebers Papyrus
echocardiog
rams; see also ultrasound
edema
Effler, Donald
Egypt; ancient
electrocardiograms (EKGs); in animal studies
electrodes
electrophysiology, cardiac
Edler, Inge
England
endocarditis
endothelin blockers
end-stage heart failure
enlarged heart
enzymes
epidemiology; see also Framingham Heart Study
Equal Rights League
evolution
exercise
experimental physiology
Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, The (Darwin)
exsanguination
Fabric of the Human Body, The (Vesalius)
facial deformities
Falloppio, Gabriele
falsifiability
family history
Fargo (North Dakota)
fatigue
Favaloro, René
Fear Heart (Barr)
Feigenbaum, Harvey
femoral artery
fight-or-flight reaction
Fischer, Georg
Flood, Lorraine
Florence (Italy)
fludrocortisone
fluid dynamics
“foam” cells
Fogarty, John
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Forssmann, Walter
Forssmann, Werner
fosinopril
Framingham Heart Study; risk factors determined in
France
Frankfurt State Hospital
Freedmen’s Hospital (Washington, D.C.)
free radicals
Friedman, Meyer
Friedreich’s ataxia
Friesinger, Gottlieb
Galen
gap junctions
Garfinkel, Alan
General Motors
genetic heart abnormalities; see also congenital heart abnormalities
genetics
Geneva, University of
George III, King of England
Georgia
Germany; in World War II
Getting Over Garrett Delaney (McDonald)
Ghazali, al-
Gibbon, John Heysham
Glidden, Frances
Glidden, Gregory
Glidden, Lyman
gonorrhea
grave robbing
great arteries, transposition of
Greatbatch, Wilson
Great Depression
Greece, ancient
Green, Henry
Groote Schuur Hospital (Cape Town)
Ground Zero
Gruentzig, Andreas
Guy’s Hospital (London)
Haecker, Rudolf
Hahnemann Medical College