Jack Tar
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loblolly men 301
Logholm, Jacob 299
London, England 43–4, 59, 95
lookouts 14
Loten, James 57
Louis, Sir Thomas 321
Lovell, William 135
Lovett, William 45, 52
Lowry, James 137
Lutine, HMS 324
McCartney, James 305–6
McClary, Robert 162
Macedonian, HMS: band 332; battle casualties 298, 302–3; battle damage 269; battle preparations 262; battle scenes 279–80; births aboard 177; captured 287–8; Christmas festivities 105; gunnery practice 271; messes 16; punishments 68; singer 338; smuggling of liquor 102
Mackay, George 55, 245–6, 254
Madagascar 110
Madras, HMS 116, 294
Madras, India 122, 319, 359
Magrath, George 299, 301, 309, 315, 318
Maidstone, HMS 335
Majestic, HMS 302
malaria 93, 315–16
Malcolm, James 295
Malcolm, John 231, 232
Mallet, William 65–6
Malta: accidents 306; Christmas celebrations 105–6; funeral of admiral 321; graffiti 358; hospital 319; shore leave 364; sickness 192; subscription for widow 244
Malta, HMS 141
Manah, Elizabeth 342
Mangin, Edward: on burial at sea 325; on cabin 149–50, 186–7, 191; on converting crew 34; descriptions of crew 6; on food 88–9; on naval language 18; on prostitutes 154; on punishments 224–5; on sick-bay 296–7, 319; on sickness 95, 319; on tattoos 8
Marine Society 59
marines 29–31; in battle 281; daily life 206; duties 206–7; numbers xxxix; recruitment 29–31, 64–6; roles xxx, 29, 208, 281; training 29, 207–8; uniform xxxi, 124–5; see also Royal Marines
Marlborough, HMS 187
Marryat, Frederick 36
Mars, HMS 122
Marsh, Edward 197, 214
Marshall, prisoner-of-war 256
Martin, Abraham 305, 321
Martin, Sir Thomas Byam 179
Martinique, West Indies 38, 92, 173, 226, 375
master, see sailing master
masts: battle damage 264, 285, 287; ‘before the mast’ 13, 27, 28; carpenter’s duties 31; carvings 14; lightning strikes 114, 115; loss 328; masthead 219; three xxxv; tops 14
Mathews, Thomas 120
Matilda, HMS 26
measurements xl–xli
meat: before battle 268; captain’s food 78; cooking 75, 80; prison rations 247; ration 32, 74; salt 72, 77, 79–80, 82, 89; stew 77; storage xxxviii, 79; substitutes for 74; theft of 215; see also beef, pork
medals 179, 374
Mediator, HMS 88, 145
Medway, River 283
Melpomene, HMS 100, 240, 242
Menelaus, HMS 322
merchant seamen: exempt from impressment 47; impressed 12, 41, 42, 50–1, 55; in Royal Navy 4, 17, 64
messes 16–17, 20, 77, 78
mice 84–5, 90
Middlesex Journal 43
midshipmen: appointment 13, 64; background 31, 64; bullying 218–19; careers 63–4; code of conduct 218; diet 72, 239; pay 170; pigtails 9; prisoners-of-war 253–5; prospects at end of war 379; punishments 219; quarters xxxviii; relationship with seamen 20, 23–4; sleeping arrangements 188; theatricals 339–40; training 21–3
Milbanke, Mark 68
Milford, HMS 389
milk 80, 82, 83–4, 89, 168, 178
Mill, John 46
Millard, Thomas 178
Millard, William Salter 113, 280
Millington, Richard 178
Milner, George 6
Minerva, HMS: captain 249, 251; crew captured 249, 253, 255, 256; dress aboard 123; repairs 101; swearing 213
Minorca 33, 17–5, 202, 319, 364
Minotaur, HMS 135, 346
Mitchell, Admiral 223
Mitchell, Alexander 320
Mitford, Henry 26
Monarch, HMS 324
monkeys 354–5
Moor, Eleanor 179–80
Moore, Elizabeth 176
Moorsom, Robert 391
Morgiana, HMS 379
Morning Chronicle 183
Morning Post 322, 345
Morris, Captain 96
mosquitoes 93, 146, 313, 316
Mouat, Andrew 13
Mowbray, Captain 335
murder 56–7, 223
music 331–5
musicians 332, 334–5
muster books 4
mutinies 60, 74, 82, 208, 221–3
Naiad, HMS 235
Naples, Italy 358
Napoleon Bonaparte: on British seamen 39, 239, 248; death 380; defeat xxvii; on impressment 45; Nile defeat 373; prisoners-of-war policy 244, 247–8; on seamen and officers 144; troops 258
Napoleonic Wars xxv, xxvii, 19, 79, 197, 315, 319
Naval Chronicle 62, 383
Naval General Service Medal 374
Navy Board 4, 124
Neilson, Jna. 50
Nelson, Horatio, 1st Viscount Nelson: accent 12; amputation of arm 299, 324, 374; birth xxvii; body 172, 321, 328; chaplain 114; Copenhagen bombardment 113; death 18–19, 126, 275, 390; desertion policy 67; diary 275; distribution of religious texts 349; dress 126, 127, 129; friends 62; height 8; honours 374, 379; languages 22; leadership 25; letters 63, 72; memory 388; naval career xxxviii, xl, 43, 44, 64, 373; pigtail 9; provisions for seamen 90; ships xxxvii; Trafalgar preparations 268; victories 373; views on class 27; views on French 359–60; views on health 309; views on prize-money 378; views on seamen’s pay 366; views on women aboard 175–6; in West Indies 167, 169
Neptune, HMS 82, 239
Nereide, HMS 141
Nevis, West Indies 167, 364
Newcastle upon Tyne 384
Newfoundland: Banks 87, 112–13, 118; burials 324; dogs 352; fodder for animals 83; impressed men 56–7, 61; murder 56–7; spruce-beer 98
Newlyn, Cornwall 45, 52
newspapers 344–5
Newton, David 390
Nichola, George 385
Nichols, Thomas 58
Nicol, John 5, 166, 176
Nile, Battle of the (1798): animal casualties 265, 266; British forces 268; charity payments to wounded 386; medals 374; news of victory 373; prize-money 375; ships on fire 284–5; women present at 176, 301–2
Nisus, HMS: design 110; man overboard 307; pests aboard 146–7; seaman hiding in hold 150; in storms 110; in West Indies 145; woman aboard 182
noon observation 198–9
Nore: anchorage 133, 157, 172; mutiny (1797) 60, 74, 221
Norfolk, Virginia 362
Norman, Josh. 7
Northumberland, HMS 283, 319
Norwich, Norfolk 65
nurses 168–9
Nymph, La, HMS 118
oakum 203
O’Brien, D.H. 275
O’Brien, Michael 298
O’Donnell, schoolmaster 340
officers: background xxviii, 8, 20, 62–3; cabins 264–5, 369; clean-shaven 8; court martial 223; diet 71–2, 78; dress 125–9; hair 10–11; half-pay 380–2; height 8; ‘idlers’ 15; meals 77–8; medals 374; prisoners-of-war 244, 249–50; prize-money 377–8; promotion 379; prospects at end of war 379; punishments 220, 225; relationship with seamen 144, 274–5; religion 32; servants 359; shore leave 356–60; wardroom 111
Oldfield, Thomas 266
O’Loghlen, Terence 207
O’Meara, Barry 45, 144, 239, 247
orchestras 332, 333–4
ordinary seamen 12, 13
Orient, L’, French flagship 284
Orient, L’, French privateer 244
Orion, HMS 176
Orlando, HMS 106
orlop deck xxxviii, 188, 296
Orontes, HMS 42
Otway, Captain 352
overboard, falling 37, 68, 140, 306–7, 344
paintings 341, 369
Palermo, Sicily 164–5, 305, 346
Palinure (French vessel) 226
Palmer, Edmund 323
Palmer, William 58
Panther, HMS 266
Pardoe, William 187–8
Parker, George 167
Parker, Sir Peter 322–3
Parker, William 285–6
parole 249, 253–5, 257
parrots 355–6
Parsons, George 279
Pasley, Thomas: on crew’s conduct in battle 274; on Frenchmen 360; on gunnery practice 271–2; on impressment 44; on livestock 81, 201, 351; scurvy cure 89
pay: half-pay 379, 380–2; irregular 169, 365–6; punishment 13; rates 15, 16, 170; spending 364–5, 366–9, 383; wages for families ashore 169, 170
Peace, John 180, 199
Pears, Andrew 138
pease soup 20, 77, 78, 80, 89
peerages 374
Pegasus, HMS 126, 183, 205
Pellew, Sir Edward 25, 85, 86–7, 129, 333–5, 353
Pemberton, Charles 78, 121
Pembroke, Pembrokeshire 47
Peninsular War 232
pensions: certificates 6, 387; for Greenwich pensioners 319, 386–9, 390; injuries 6, 76, 77, 179, 255, 308, 386, 389; officers’ 379; surgeons’ entitlement 296; woman claiming a pension 180
Perriam, Nancy 176
Peru, silver mines 235
Peterson, John 50
petitions 220–1
petty officers: mutineers 223; pay 169; prisoners-of-war 250; punishments 208–9, 215, 220; responsibilities 12, 17, 200; roles, 31; sleeping arrangements 188–9; wives 163, 169, 339
Phaeton, HMS 95, 308, 310, 336
Phelan, Joseph 177–8
Phelan, Tommy 177–8
Pheling, Andrew 305
Phillips, German 47–8
Phoebe, HMS 93, 101, 123, 130, 134, 137
physicians 74, 83, 294, 308–9, 320, see also surgeons
pigs: aboard 80, 82, 201; in battle 265, 266; bestiality victim 185; food 106; smell 83, 191; sties 83, 191, 266, 296; stories 344
pigtails 8–10
Pillet, René-Martin 156
Pinckard, George 163–4, 320
pipe, boatswain’s 199–200, 331
Pitt, James 167
Pitt, Sarah 179
plague 310, 316
Pluto, HMS 324
Plymouth, Devon: deserters 124; hospital 168, 319; laundry petition 136; nurses 168–9; press-gangs 48; prize ships 235; prostitutes 156, 160–1; storms 116–17; wives in 171, 173; wreck 116
pocket watches 199
Pole, Sir Charles 93
Polly, John 276
Polwhele, Edward 263
Pompee, HMS 131, 141, 226–7, 375
Pompeii, Italy 358
poop xxxvii, 89, 207, 277, 280, 282
pork: captured 235, 241; chops 71; cooking 77; fresh 83; jettisoned 265; meat ration 32, 78; ration 74, 80; raw 268; salt 72, 74; see also pigs
Port Louis, Mauritius 52, 145, 150
Port Mahon, Minorca 202, 319
Porteous, William 255
Porto Praya, Battle of (1781) 274
Portsmouth, Hampshire: deserters 68; hospital 319; naval base 153; press-gangs 48, 52, 64; prostitutes 154–5, 163–4; shore leave 363–4; wives in 172–3
post-captains 25, 26, 223, 379
postage 345–6
powder monkeys 180, 271
powdered hair 10
Powell, John Martindale 158, 368–9
Power, Richard 57
press-gangs: false names given to 7, 48, 62; ‘hot press’ 41, 43, 48, 56, 64, 389; operations 42–4, 49–50, 53, 59; opposition to 44–7, 49–50, 56–8; suffering caused by 45–6; taking American seamen 41–2, 51; see also impressment
Price, George: butcher 84; desertion 281; false name 62; feelings about battle 280–1; on gin 101; impressed 61–2; letters xli, 52, 346, 348
Prince Frederick, HMS 91, 142, 149
Prince George, HMS 180, 215
Prince of Wales, HMS 26
Princess, HMS 42
Prior, James: on fruit and vegetables 89; on man overboard 307; on pests 146–7; on rats 90, 146, 147; on storms 109–10; on weather conditions 145, 315–16
prison hulks, see hulks
prisoners-of-war: American 42, 51; British 52, 245–9; captured 248, 284, 287–8; conditions 250–3, 255–6; deaths 258–9; escapes 55, 245–6, 254–5, 256–7; exchange 244, 245, 247, 249; French 156, 246, 283; impressed 55; informers 254–5, 257; joining French forces 246, 247, 257–8; midshipmen 253–5; naval volunteers 50; officers 244, 249–50; parole 249, 253–5, 257; prisons 248, 249; rules regarding 144, 244, 247; Spanish 304
prize-money: distribution 61, 237, 365, 375–8, 387; hopes of 234, 262; influence on naval strategy 61, 231, 269, 378; spending ashore 364, 383; spent on liquor 100
prize ships 231, 235–8, 248, 269
Prometheus, HMS 240, 241
promotion 24, 25–6, 31, 379
Prompte, HMS 236–7, 373
prostitutes: aboard 154, 156–61; ashore 363; backgrounds 164; control of 159–60; descriptions 154–5, 163–4; disease 160; in foreign ports 164–7; forged marriage certificates 158–9; numbers 154, 155–6; overcrowding 160–3; religion 165; slaves 165–7; see also brothels
protection certificates 41, 47, 48, 51
pumps 115–18
punishments: avoiding 214–15; for bestiality 185–6; captain’s powers 208–9, 211, 214; cause of desertion 68; court martial sentences 224, 228; for cowardice 226–8; demotion 209, 215, 220; for desertion 216–17, 223; for drunkenness 195, 210–11, 212; execution 225–9; fair and unfair 211–13, 215; for homosexual acts 184, 223; imprisonment 186; marines’ role 208; midshipmen 218–19; for mutiny 195, 223, 228–9; naval regulations 208–9, 217; offences 195, 208–9; officers 220; running the gauntlet 215–16; ‘starting’ 215; for swearing 213–14; tied to the shrouds 219; transportation 227, 228, 232; of women 217; see also flogging, hanging
pursers: class divide 28–9; complaints against 74, 366; ‘idlers’ 15; issue of dressmaking materials 123; responsibilities 31; wives 173
quarantine 310
quarterdeck xxxv, xxxvii, 13, 15, 31
Queen, HMS 6, 287
Queen Charlotte, HMS 181–2
Quota Acts (1795) 59
Racehorse, HMS 310, 318
Raigersfeld, Jeffrey: on biscuits 87–8; on butter and cheese 84–5; on eating utensils 79; messing with seamen 20; on pests 145–6; on pigtails 9; on poisonous trees 103; on purser 88; on watering 94
Rainbow, HMS 143, 296, 312, 317, 318
Raisonnable, HMS xxxvii
Rambler, HMS 248
Ramsey, Mrs 167
rating 12–13
rats 71–2, 90–1, 146–7
Rattenbury, John 47–8, 61
Read, William 187–8
reading: books 348–9, letters 345–8
recruits 1–4, 12–13, 53–4, 59–61, see also impressment, press-gangs, volunteers
Reed, Davy 139
Rees, Thomas 29–30, 66, 104, 116
regulations: Admiralty Regulations 196, 209, 217; captain’s 196, 213; dress 121, 124–5, 127, 128; grog 101; hierarchy of rank 31; prizes 236; religion 32, 34; Royal Navy law 208; swearing 213; training 271; washing 134, 137; women aboard 175
Reilly, Matthew 307
religion 32–5, 38, 132, 157, see also chaplains, Sundays
Repulse, HMS 111, 129
Resistance, HMS 115
Revanche, La, French schooner 236
Revenge, HMS 331
Revolutionary Wars xxv, xxvii, 56
Richardson, William: on beef supplies 82; on dress 123, 129–30; on impressment 45–6; on liquor smuggled aboard 101; on news of Nile victory 373; on prize ship 236–7; on swearing 213; on turtle soup 86; on water supplies 94; wife aboard 173–4
Richieu, Peter 224
Ridgway, Robert 103, 166–7
rigging: in bad weather 112, 113, 115; in battle 264, 269; boatswain’s responsibilities 31; description xxxiv–xxxv; falls from 305; laundry 134, 135; midshipmen’s training 22;
repairs 356; seamen’s duties 15; terms for 18; tarred 132; waterproofing 80
Riley, Edmund 91
Riley, Mary Ann 179
Riou, Edward 123, 190
Rivers, William 303–4
Rivoli, French ship 287
Roach, Thomas 187
Roberts, Peg 212
Robertson, John 252
Robertson, Robert 143, 296, 312, 317, 318
Robinson, Hercules 351–2
Robinson, John 76
Robinson, Peg 177
Robinson, William: on breakfast 76; on British seamen 391; on bullying midshipman 24; on cleaning decks 202; on superstition 36; on training 17; on treatment of recruits 54, 221
Robust, HMS 117, 118
Rodney, HMS 95, 134, 349
Roman Catholics 32, 165
ropework, fancy 341
Rostock, Germany 233
Rota, HMS 218
Rotely, Lewis 124, 125, 128, 138, 273
Rotheram, Edward: on amputations 293; on dialects 12; on height of crew 8; on life at sea 373; on offences 195; on prize ships 231; release of foreign seamen 50; on ship’s company 2; survey of crew 4, 12; on tattoos 7; on wives 171
Rotheram, John 4n, 10
round robins 221
roundhouses 141
Royal George, HMS 162–3
Royal Hospital, Greenwich 386
Royal Marines xxxi
Royal Navy: fleets xxxix–xl; leaving 379–80; manpower 382; name xxxiii–xxxiv; number of ships xxxviii–xxxix; prize ships 269; regulations 208, 217, 336; roles 231, 238
Royal Oak, HMS 117
Royal Sovereign, HMS 2n, 136
Royal William, HMS 48, 52, 61, 168
rum: after amputation 303; barrels 161; after battle 241; before battle 240; buying 101, 368; ‘crossing the line’ 138; diluted 93, 97; giving away 212–13; grog 97; scurvy 315; storage 79; tobacco soaked in 91; in West Indies 102
running the gauntlet 215–16
Russell, HMS 301, 309, 315, 318
sailing master 15, 31
sailmaker 15, 31
sailmaker’s mate 170
sails xxxiv–xxxv
Saint Domingo, West Indies 102, 136, 314
Saint George, HMS 102, 326
St John’s, Newfoundland 56, 61, 324
St Kitts, West Indies 81, 166, 217, 325, 326
St Pierre, Martinique 38
St Vincent, Battle of (1797) 279, 374
St Vincent, John Jervis, 1st Earl of 83, 128, 131, 175, 191, 374
Saintes, Battle of the (1782) 180, 261
Salamis, Battle of (480 BC) xxvi
Salisbury, HMS 352
Salter, William 277
sand-glasses 198, 199
Sanderson, John 385
Santa Brigida, Spanish treasure ship 235, 377
Santissima Trinidad, Spanish ship 351