Southern Storm: Sherman's March to the Sea

by Noah Andre Trudeau

  Guild, George B. A Brief Narrative of the Fourth Tennessee Cavalry Regiment. Nashville: n.p., 1913.

  Hargis, O. P. Thrilling Experiences of a First Georgia Cavalryman. Atlanta: n.p., n.d.

  ———. “We Kept Fighting and Falling Back.” Civil War Times Illustrated 7, no. 8 (December 1968).

  Henderson, William Michael. “War Record and Letters.” N.d. www.5thgacavalry.info/5thcav/famhistory/2nd_lieutenant_william_michael-h.htm. Joyce, Fred. “From Infantry to Cavalry.” Southern Bivouac 3, nos. 6–7 (February–March 1885).

  Kirwan, A. D., ed. Johnny Green of the Orphan Brigade. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1956.

  Lafferty, W. T., ed. “Civil War Reminiscences of John Aker Lafferty.” Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 59, no. 1 (January 1961).

  Lambright, James T. History of the Liberty Independent Troop during the Civil War. Brunswick, Ga.: Press of Glover Brothers, 1910.

  Miller, Rex. Wheeler’s Favorites, 51st Alabama Cavalry. Depew, N.Y.: Patrex Press, 1991.

  Mims, Wilbur F. War History of the Prattville Dragoons. Thurber, Tex.: Journal Printery, n.d.

  Moor, James A. Letter, 1864. Georgia State Archives, Atlanta. Overley, Milford. “‘Williams’s Kentucky Brigade,’ C.S.A.” Confederate Veteran 13, no. 10 (October 1905).

  Poole, John Randolph. Cracker Cavaliers: The 2nd Georgia under Wheeler and Forrest. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2000.

  Ray, Lavender R. Diary, 1864. Georgia State Archives, Atlanta.

  ———. Letters. Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University. Scott, Paul, ed. “‘With Tears in Their Eyes’: On the Road to the Sea: Shannon’s Scouts.” Civil War Times Illustrated 21 (January 1983).

  Sloan, William E. Diary, 1864–1865. Civil War Collection: Confederate and Federal. Tennessee State Library, Nashville.

  Thompson, Edwin Porter. History of the Orphan Brigade. Louisville, Ky.: Lewis N. Thompson, 1898.

  Walden, Geoffrey R. “Opposing Sherman’s March to the Sea.” 1996. www.rootsweb.com/~orphanhm.

  Wheeler, Joseph. Letter, 1864. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens.

  GEORGIA MILITIA

  Accounts in Confederate Reminiscences and Letters, 1861–1865 (Atlanta: United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1995–1999):

  Cochrane, Anne Cleveland. “Demetrius A. Cochrane.” Vol. 1, 1995.

  Unknown. “The Services of James L. Heard in the Confederate Army.” Vol. 3, 1997.

  Wade, Milton C., Sr. “Military Record of Milton C. Wade, Sr.” Vol. 5, 1997.

  Smith, Gustavus W. “The Georgia Militia during Sherman’s March to the Sea.” In Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, edited by Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel, 4 vols. New York: Century, 1887–1888.

  ———Smith, Gustavus W., and Henry C. Wayne. Reports of the Operations of the Militia, from October 13, 1864, to February 11, 1865, Together with Memoranda by Gen. Smith, for the Improvement of the State Military Organization. Macon, Ga.: Boughton, Nisbet, Barnes & Moore, 1865.

  Tinsley, T. D. “Kelly’s Defense of Gordon.” Confederate Veteran 35, no. 9 (September 1927).

  CIVILIAN ACCOUNTS

  Accounts in Confederate Reminiscences and Letters, 1861–1865 (Atlanta: United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1995–1999):

  Adams, James Monroe. “James Monroe Adams.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Anderson, Frances B. “A True Reminiscence of the Confederate Era.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  Baldwin, Lucile McDaniel. “Reminiscing.” Vol. 1, 1995.

  Blount, Louise Anderson. “A Reminiscence of the War between the States.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  Burden, Jane Symons. “Reminiscences.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  Curry, Ella Mae Garrett. “Sherman’s March through Emanuel County, Georgia.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Drake, Mary. “The Drake Plantation on the Ogeechee River.” Vol. 4, 1996.

  Darnell, Jennie Ihly. “Reminiscences of the War between the States.” Vol. 3, 1997.

  Drew, Frances K. “A Savannah Reminiscence.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Everett, Emma Borders. “Reminiscence of the War between the States.” Vol. 3, 1997.

  Fields, Flossie B. “A Reminiscence.” Vol. 1, 1995.

  Frye, Kate D. “Reminiscences of the Sixties.” Vol. 4, 1996.

  Glenn, Layona. “Scilla’s Return: A Reminiscence.” Vol. 6, 1997.

  Garrett, Maggie. “Uninvited Guests Enjoy Turkey Dinner at Social Circle, Georgia.” Vol. 5, 1997.

  Graham, Omye Howard. “Reminiscence of the Civil War.” Vol. 5, 1997.

  Griswold, Samuel. “Aunt Peny.” Vol. 7, 1998.

  Hanson, Mary Jewell Travis. “Reminiscence.” Vol. 3, 1997.

  Harbuck, Angela Chambers. “Reminiscences.” Vol. 9, 1999.

  Hughes, Rufus Paul. “My Great-Grandmother, Minerva Moore Hughes.” Vol. 9, 1999.

  Johnson, Martha Arnall. “Page Memoirs.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  Kauffman, Louisa White. “Fleeing from Sherman and a Consequent Romance.” Vol. 7, 1998.

  Langford, Willam Bedford (daughters and granddaughters of). “William Bedford Langford.” Vol. 7, 1998.

  Lockridge, Dora Jeanne Smith. “A Reminiscence of Sherman’s March through Georgia and the Burning of Cassville, Georgia.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  Maddox, Eliza Frances Weaver. “A Reminiscence of the Sixties.” Vol. 6, 1997.

  Martin, Gussie Rustin. “Reminiscence of the War between the States.” Vol. 4, 1997.

  Massey, Nathan. “Recollections of the Late War between the States and the Incidents as They Transpired under My Own Observation and from Reliable Sources.” Vol. 1, 1995.

  McDonell, Mrs. Alan M. “Reminiscences.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  McKinley, G. C. “Memories of My Youth.” Vol. 2, 1996.

  McMichael, Areetas. “Burning of the Courthouse at Jackson, Georgia.” Vol. 6, 1997.

  McRae, Colon. “Reminiscence.” Vol. 5, 1997.

  McSwain, Eleanor Davis. “Reminiscences.” Vol. 3, 1997.

  Mendel, W. H. “A Sketch of My Activities during the War between the States.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Miller, Sarah Rudolph. “Reminiscences of the Sixties.” Vol. 4, 1996.

  Moore, Lula Gunn. “Reminiscence.” Vol. 6, 1997.

  Moore, Susan Catharine Juhan. “A Collection of Incidents and Experiences during the Civil War, 1861–1865.” Vol. 1, 1995.

  Reeves, Lillian Clyde Wallace. “Another Side to General William T. Sherman’s Nature.” Vol. 4, 1996.

  Roberts, Mattie. “History of Milledgeville, Georgia.” Vol. 7, 1998.

  Tyler, Dora Hunt. “Reminiscence.” Vol. 6, 1997.

  Tucker, Opal. “Interesting True Story of Civil War Days.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Unknown: “Sherman ‘Visited’ Mable Home.” Vol. 7, 1998.

  Unknown: “Refugee: Stories from a Young Girl of the Sixties.” Vol. 5, 1997.

  Watson, Mrs. Larkin D. “The Confederacy’s Best-Dressed Mule.” Vol. 4, 1996.

  Wilson, Ena Mann. “Miss Gay and the Yankees.” Vol. 8, 1998.

  Accounts in Recollections and Reminiscences, 1861–1865, II vols. [S.C.]: (South Carolina Division, United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1990):

  Lott, Mrs. T. W. “Fleeing before Sherman.” Vol. 1, 1990.

  Stribling, E. R. “Letter from E. R. Stribling to Her Husband, Warren[,] Walnut Hill, Richland, South Carolina, November 28, 1864.” Vol. 2, 1991.

  “A.E.D.” Letter. Confederate Miscellany. Series Ie. Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University.

  Anderson, Mrs. G. W. Letter. Confederate Miscellany. Series Ie. Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University.

  Baber-Blackshear Collection. Letters. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens.

  Banks, John. Journal. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens.

  Barnett, May A. “Great State Seal of Georgia.” Confederate Veteran 7, no. 8 (August 1899).

  Berry, Carrie. Diary, 1864–1865. Atlan
ta History Center. Berry, Peggy Mira (Cox). Letter. Confederate Miscellany. Series Ie. Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University.

  Blanton Family Papers. Mary E. Hopkins and Carrie V. Timberlake letters. Virginia Historical Society, Richmond.

  Bomar-Killian Family Papers. Imogene Hoye letter. Atlanta History Center. Bratton, J. R. “Letter of a Confederate Surgeon on Sherman’s Occupation of Milledgeville.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 32, no. 3 (September 1948).

  Bryan, T. Conn, ed. “A Georgia Woman’s Civil War Diary: The Journal of Minerva Leah Rowles McClatchey, 1864–65.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 51, no. 2 (June 1967).

  Burr, Virginia Ingraham, ed. The Secret Eye: The Journal of Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990.

  Buttrill, Mary. Experience in the War of the Sixties. Georgia State Archives, Atlanta.

  Clack, Louise. Our Refugee Household. New York: Blelock, 1866.

  Clark, John Osgood Andrew. Papers. “Ella Anderson Clark Reminiscence.” Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University.

  Cornwell, Bessie Reese. “Stoneman’s and Sherman’s Visit to Jasper County.” Confederate Miscellany. Series Ie. Robert W. Woodruff Library, Emory University.

  Cunningham, George A. Family Papers. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens.

  Davis-Quillin Papers. Amanda Quillin letter. Atlanta History Center.

  Felton, Rebeca Latimer. County Life in Georgia in the Days of My Youth. Atlanta: Index Printing, 1919.

  Gatell, Frank Otto, ed. “A Yankee Views the Agony of Savannah.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 43, no. 4 (December 1959).

  Gay, Mary A. H. Life in Dixie during the War, 1861–1862–1863–1864–1865. Atlanta: Constitution Job Office, 1892.

  Harper, F. Mikell, ed. The Second Georgia Infantry Regiment: As Told through the Unit History of Company D, Burke Sharpshooters. Macon, Ga.: Indigo, 2005. [Catharine Whitehead Rowland diary.]

  Harris, Iverson Louis. Papers, 1827–1878. William R. Perkins Library, Duke University.

  Harris, Joel Chandler. On the Plantation: A Story of a Georgia Boy’s Adventures during the War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1980.

  Harwell, Richard Barksdale, ed. Kate: The Journal of a Confederate Nurse. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959.

  Hodgson Journal. Charles Colcock Jones Jr. Collection. Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, University of Georgia, Athens. Jones, Katharine M. When Sherman Came: Southern Women and the “Great March.” New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1964.

  Jones, Mary Sharpe, and Mary Jones Mallard. Yankees A’Coming: One Month’s Experience during the Invasion of Liberty County, Georgia, 1864–1865. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: Confederate Publishing, 1959.

  King, Spencer B., Jr., ed. “Fanny Cohen’s Journal of Sherman’s Occupation of Savannah.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 41, no. 4 (December 1957).

  Lamar, Charles. Papers. Georgia State Archives, Atlanta.

  LeConte, Joseph. ’Ware Sherman: A Journal of Three Months Personal Experience in the Last Days of the Confederacy. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1937.

  Lovett, Howard Meriwether. “Airy Mount—In Sherman’s Track.” Confederate Veteran 26, no. 5 (May 1918).

  Lunt, Dolly Sumner. A Woman’s Wartime Journal. New York: Century, 1918.

  Maguire, Thomas. Papers. Atlanta History Center.

  McAdoo, William G. Diary. Manuscripts Division. Library of Congress.

  McKinley, Guy Cummins. Memoirs. Special Collections. Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville.

  Morgan, Mrs. Irby. How It Was: Four Years among the Rebels. Nashville: Publishing House Methodist Episcopal Church, South, 1892.

  Noble, Mary. Papers. Southern Historical Collection. Wilson Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

  Overley, Milford. “What ‘Marching through Georgia’ Means.” Confederate Veteran 12, no. 9 (September 1904).

  Stephenson, Eudora Weaver. “Refugeeing in War Time.” Confederate Veteran 39, no. 4 (April 1931).

  Stevens, John. “Personal Narrative of Sherman’s Raid in Liberty County, Ga.” Civil War Times Illustrated Collection. United States Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.

  Stewart, Lucy S. The Reward of Patriotism. New York: Walter Neale, 1930.

  Sutherland, Daniel E., ed. A Very Violent Rebel: The Civil War Diary of Ellen Renshaw House. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996.

  Walraven Family Papers. Matt Carolina Marshall letter. Atlanta History Center.

  Watson, W. M. “Old Midway Church.” Confederate Veteran 36, no. 8 (August 1928).

  Williams, Ben Ames, ed. A Diary from Dixie. 1905. Revised reissue, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949. [Mary Boykin Chesnut diary.]

  Zettler, Berrien McPherson. War Stories and School-Day Incidents for the Children. New York: Neale, 1912.

  AFRICAN-AMERICANS

  Drago, Edmund L. “How Sherman’s March through Georgia Affected the Slaves.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 57, no. 3 (Fall 1973).

  Escott, Paul D. “The Context of Freedom: Georgia’s Slaves during the Civil War.”

  Georgia Historical Quarterly 58, no. 1 (Spring 1974). Georgia Narratives. Vol. 4, pts. 2 and 4. Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration for the State of Georgia, 1937.

  Johnson, Whittington B. Black Savannah, 1788–1864. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1996.

  Mohr, Clarence L. “Before Sherman: Georgia Blacks and the Union Civil War Effort, 1861–1864.” Journal of Southern History 45, no. 3 (August 1979).

  ———. On the Threshold of Freedom: Masters and Slaves in Civil War Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986.

  Rawick, George P., ed. The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography. Vols. 12 and 13, Georgia Narratives. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972–1978.

  Simms, James M. The First Colored Baptist Church in North America. Philadelphia: n.p., 1888.

  Stampp, Kenneth M. The Peculiar Institution. New York: Vintage Books, 1956.

  CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE STUDIES

  Andrews, E., and J. M. Woodworth. “The Primary Surgery of Gen. Sherman’s Campaigns.” Chicago Medical Examiner 7, no. 6 (June 1866).

  Andrews, Matthew Page. “Marching with Sherman.” Confederate Veteran 36, no. 4 (April 1928).

  Badeau, Adam. “Sherman’s March to the Sea.” St. Nicholas: An Illustrated Magazine for Young Folks 14, no. 7 (May 1887).

  Bailey, Anne J. The Chessboard of War. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000.

  ———. War and Ruin: William T. Sherman and the Savannah Campaign. Wilmington, Del.: SR Books, 2003.

  Bonner, James C. “Sherman at Milledgeville in 1864.” Journal of Southern History 22, no. 3 (August 1956).

  Bowman, Samuel Millard. Sherman and His Campaigns. New York: C. B. Richardson, 1868.

  Boynton, Henry Van Ness. Sherman’s Historical Raid: The Memoirs in Light of the Record. Cincinnati: Wilstach, Baldwin, 1875.

  Bragg, William Harris. Griswoldville. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2000.

  ———. “A Little Battle at Griswoldville.” Civil War Times Illustrated 19, no. 7 (November 1980).

  Burke, Sadie C. “Sherman’s Raid through Georgia.” Confederate Veteran 12, no. 3 (March 1904).

  “‘Bummers’ in Sherman’s Army.” Beadle’s Monthly 1 (May 1866).

  Castel, Albert. Decision in the West. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992.

  Christman, William E. Undaunted: The History of Fort McAllister, Georgia. Darien, Ga.: Darien Printing & Graphics, 1996.

  Conyngham, David P. Sherman’s March through the South. New York: Sheldon, 1865.

  Cox, Jacob D. Sherman’s March to the Sea. 1882. Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1994.

  Cubbison, Douglas. A Pretty Rough Time and One of the Hardest Battles of the War: The Battle of Griswoldville. Saline, Mich.: McNaughton and Gunn for the Blue and Gray Education Society, 1997.r />
  Cunningham, S. A. “Why Sherman Snubbed Augusta.” Confederate Veteran 22, no. 8 (August 1914).

  Davis, Burke. Sherman’s March. New York: Random House, 1980.

  DeLaubenfels, D. J. “Where Sherman Passed By.” Geographical Review 47 (July 1957).

  Durham, Roger S. Images of America: Fort McAllister. Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2004.

  Dyer, John P. “Northern Relief for Savannah during Sherman’s Occupation.” Journal of Southern History 19, no. 4 (November 1953).

  Gatell, Frank Otto, ed. “A Yankee Views the Agony of Savannah.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 43, no. 4 (December 1959).

  Gibson, John M. Those 163 Days: A Southern Account of Sherman’s March from Atlanta to Raleigh. New York: Brahmall House, 1961.

  Glatthaar, Joseph T. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Sherman’s Troops in the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns. New York: New York University Press, 1985.

  ———. “Sherman’s Army and Total War.” Atlanta Historical Journal 29 (Spring 1986): 41–52.

  Graber, H. W. “Why Sherman Did Not Go to Augusta.” Confederate Veteran 22, no. 7 (July 1914).

  Gray, Tom S., Jr. “The March to the Sea.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 14, no. 2 (June 1930).

  Jones, Charles Colcock. The Siege of Savannah in December, 1864, and the Confederate Operations in Georgia and the Third Military District of South Carolina during General Sherman’s March from Atlanta to the Sea. Albany, N.Y.: Joel Munsell, 1874.

  Kennett, Lee. Marching through Georgia: The Story of Soldiers & Civilians during Sherman’s Campaign. New York: HarperCollins, 1995.

  Klingberg, Elizabeth Wysor. “Campaigns of Lee and Sherman.” Confederate Veteran 24, no. 8 (August 1916).

  Lee, Angela. “Tangling with Kilcavalry.” Civil War Times Illustrated 38, no. 3 (June 1998).

  Livingston, Gary. Fields of Gray: The Battle of Griswoldville. Cooperstown, N.Y.: Caisson Press, 1996.

  ———. “Among the Best Men the South Could Boast”: The Fall of Fort McAllister. Cooperstown, N.Y.: Caisson Press, 1997.

  Marszalek, John F. Sherman’s March to the Sea. Abilene, Tex.: McWhiney Foundation Press, 2005.