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Capital and Imperialism: Theory, History, and the Present

Page 41

by Utsa Patnaik


  Keynesianism: European; see also military Keynesianism

  Kindleberger, Charles

  Kitchin business cycle

  Kondratieff business cycle

  Korean War; postwar boom after

  Krugman, Paul

  labor: in colonial economies; inflation and; as non-money commodity; from periphery regions

  labor aristocracy

  labor growth: in Keynesian system; during postwar boom

  labor power, in Keynesian system

  labor productivity: in Keynesian system; money wages and; reserve army of labor

  land augmentation; through agricultural production; in colonial states; formal rules of; increasing supply price and; irrigation as; Marx on; neoliberalism and; new production methods and; during postwar boom; in semi-tropical regions; state role in; in tropical regions

  land redistribution, in Third World dirigiste regimes

  land revenue collection, through British colonialism

  land supply, long-run supply price and

  land taxes, after colonialism

  land-augmenting investments

  Lange, Oskar

  League of Nations

  Lenin, Vladimir: on imperialism; on super-profits

  Lewis, W. Arthur

  long boom, in colonial markets

  long nineteenth century: colonial markets during; ex ante overproduction during

  long-run supply price: acceleration of inflation and; land supply; land-augmenting investments; in money-using economies; primary commodities and; profit margins and; profit rates and; profit share decreases and; wage share decreases and

  Luxembourg, Rosa

  market price, of money

  markup pricing

  Marshall, Alfred

  Marshallian system, for money; Keynesian system compared to; see also Cambridge Quantity Equation

  Martin, Montgomery

  Marx, Karl; Capital; on imperialism; on increasing supply price; on land augmentation; money wage movements and; The Poverty of Philosophy; rejection of Say’s Law; reserve army of labor; Wages, Prices and Profits; on wealth demand for money

  Marxian system, money and: aggregate demand for commodities in; capitalism and; center of gravity equilibrium prices; commodity money in; commodity price levels in; competition in; critiques of; endogenous money supply and; ex ante overproduction and; exogenous money supply and; expanded reproduction of capitalist sector; factor-price frontier in; fixity of value of money in; fix-price economy and; gold in, value in; involuntary unemployment and; isolated capitalist economies and; Keynesian system and; labor in, as nonmoney commodity; labor values in; monetarism and; money hoarding and; money wage rates in; money-using economies and; multiplier effect in; non-money commodities in; paper money in; prices of production for commodities in; rate of profit in; Ricardian system and; Say’s Law rejected under; trade unions and; unemployment levels and; wage levels in, increases in; wealth demands in

  Marxism, accumulation and

  mass poverty, modern: in colonial economies; colonialism and; metropolitan capitalism and; roots of

  Meiji Restoration

  merchandise export surpluses, in India: from 1833-1919; from 1833-1940; from 1901-1919

  merchandise trade growth, in India

  merchandise trade surplus, of United States, with United Kingdom

  metropolitan capitalism; modern mass poverty and; neoliberalism and; in postwar dirigiste regimes

  metropolitan goods

  migration: exogenous stimuli and; high-wage; to semi-tropical regions; temperate; to tropical regions

  military Keynesianism; fascism and; postwar boom and

  Mill, James

  Mill, John Stuart

  Minksy, Hyman

  Mitra, Ashok

  monetarism: circulation of money and; Great Depression and; under Keynesian system, rejection of; Marxian system and; in Ricardian system for money; unemployment rates and; Walrasian system for money and

  money: commodities converted into; destabilization of; in economic theory; endogenous supply of; equilibrium value of; exogenous supply of; fixity of value of; hoarding of; in Keynesian system; in Marshallian system; natural price of; quantity theory of; in Ricardian system; stocks; for transaction purposes; value of; in Walrasian system; as wealth, inefficiency of; wealth demands for; see also currency; Marxian system; money illusion; money supply; money wages; money-using economies

  money demand, in Cambridge Quantity Equation

  money illusion: gold standard and, return to; inflation and; in Keynesian system; money wages and; Phillips Curve and

  money stocks

  money supply: in Cambridge Quantity Equation; commodity price levels and

  money supply index

  money wage movements

  money wages: capitalism and; distribution theory and; fixity of; increases in; inflation and; labor productivity and; of manufacturing workers; in Marxian system; money illusion and; in money-using economies, flexibility of; see also increasing supply price

  money-using economies: accumulation in; capital goods in; capitalist economies as; ceteris paribus in; definition of; employment levels in; income levels in; inflation in; involuntary unemployment in; long-run supply price in; Marxian system and; money stock in; money wages in, flexibility of; multiplier effects in; Ricardian system in; Say’s Law and; value of money in; Walrasian equilibrium and; wealth demands in

  monopolies: competition in; East India Company; ex ante overproduction and; inflation and; rise of, during colonial period

  monopoly capitalism: in colonial markets; epoch-making innovations and; export surpluses and; Great Depression and, ; investment expenditures and; Keynesian policies and; New Deal policies and; oligopolistic firms and; overproduction in

  Moosvi, Shireen

  moribund capitalism

  Morison, T.

  multilateral trade system, India’s role in

  multiplier effects: in Marxian system; in money-using economies; war financing and

  multiplier theory

  NAIRU

  Naoroji, Dadabhai

  Nasser, Gamel Abdel

  national incomes; in U.K.

  nationalism; Hindutva, in India

  natural price, of money

  Navigation Acts, Great Britain

  neo-fascism

  neoliberalism: definition of; diffusion of capitalism and; in dirigiste systems; employment rationing; fascism and; GDP growth rates and; in Global North; in Global South; globalization and; international finance capital; land augmentation measures; long-term implications of; market signals and; metropolitan capitalism and; migration of capital and; national interests under; in periphery regions; petty production and; postwar dirigiste regimes and; poverty and; primitive accumulation and; state intervention and; urban middle class under; WTO and

  new capital goods

  New Deal policies; global capitalism and; Golden Age of capitalism and; monopoly capitalism and

  nominal exchange rates

  non-acceleration of inflation

  non-heterodox economic theories: Say’s Law in; wealth demand in; see also specific theories

  non-money commodities

  oil price hikes, OPEC formation and

  oil shocks

  old capital goods

  oligopolistic conditions: capital goods in, price levels of; competition in; monopoly capitalism and

  opium production, in India

  Opium Wars

  Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)

  overproduction, monopoly capitalism and

  Overton position

  Pakistan

  paper currency: depreciation of; in Marxian system of money

  Patnaik, Prabhat

  Patnaik, Utsa

  periphery regions: globalization in; income deflation in; labor from

  petty production; employment rationing; encroachment of capitalism; income distribution and

  Phillips Curve; inflation and;
Keynesian system and; money illusion and

  Pigou, A. C.

  Piketty, Thomas

  political decolonization

  The Political Economy of Growth (Baran)

  populism

  postwar boom: demand management during, state intervention in; government expenditures; after Great Depression; imperialism and; increasing supply price during; inflationary barriers; after Korean War; labor growth during; land augmentation during; military Keynesianism and; Phillips Curve and; primary commodities during; profit-squeeze hypothesis; under Social Democracy; Third World dirigiste regimes during; trade movement during; wage growth during; wage-tax spiral; working class resistance during; see also Golden Age of capitalism

  postwar dirigiste regimes, end of: Bretton Woods system, collapse of; colonialism and, legacy of; diffusion of capitalism; finance capital and; global income distribution; globalization of finance; imperialism and, legacy of; income deflation and; inflation during; inflationary barriers and; investor confidence and; in metropolitan capitalist countries; neoliberalism and; oil price hikes and, OPEC formation and; oil shocks; Phillips Curve and; primary commodity prices; Reaganomics and; Ricardo on; stagflation; Thatcherism and; trade movements and, terms of; Vietnam War and; wage growth during

  poverty: capitalism and; from income deflation; neoliberal regimes and; see also mass poverty

  The Poverty of Philosophy (Marx)

  pre-capitalist markets; production in

  precious metals: see gold; silver

  pre-colonial economies: agricultural production in; gross domestic product in

  prices: of capital goods; of commodities; elasticity of; markup; system for, functioning of; see also theory of price

  primary commodities; end of postwar dirigiste regimes; during postwar boom

  primary product prices, in India, collapse of

  primitive accumulation: of capital; consumption reduction as result of; neoliberalism and

  produced goods, ex ante excess supply of

  production capacity asymmetry, in Great Britain; in Continental Europe; import surplus and; through imports; re-exports; for tropical goods

  productionism

  profit inflation; Great Bengal Famine of 1943-1944 from; increasing supply price and; Keynes on; war financing through

  profit margins, long-run supply price and

  profit rates: long-run supply price and; in Marxian system; super-profits

  profit share decreases

  profits: See profit inflation

  profit-squeeze hypothesis

  property rights, under British colonialism

  protectionist policies: for colonial markets; drain of wealth through; in newly emerging economies; in Third World dirigiste regimes; in U.S.

  provisioning for troops

  public expenditures, war financing and

  public extension services

  public investment projects, in India

  public sector enterprises

  Qianlong (Emperor)

  quantity theory of money

  railways, as epoch-making innovation

  Reaganomics

  recoverable expenditures, from war financing

  re-exports

  research, public expenditures on

  reservation wage

  reserve army of labor

  Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

  Ricardian system, for money: capitalism and; center of gravity in; conceptual representation of capitalism in; equilibrium value of money in; gold flows in; income velocity of circulation in; involuntary unemployment levels in; Keynesian system compared to; market price of money in; Marxian system and; monetarism in; in money-using economies; natural price of money in; quantity theory of money and; Say’s Law and; theory of price and

  Ricardo, David; on diminishing returns; on postwar dirigiste regimes

  Robinson, Joan; on inflationary barrier

  Roosevelt, Franklin, New Deal policies

  routine innovations

  rupees: appreciation of; depreciation of; exchange rate for, against British sterling; revenue collections

  Sanders, Bernie

  Saul, S. B.

  Say, J. B.; see also Say’s Law Say’s Law: income inequality and; under Keynesian system, rejection of; under Marxian system, rejection of; Marx’s rejection of; in money-using economies; in non-heterodox economic theory; Ricardian system and; Walrasian equilibrium and; Walrasian system for money and

  Schumpeter, Joseph

  Second World War: Golden Age of capitalism after; surplus extraction during; see also war financing

  semi-colonial markets; exogenous stimuli and

  semi-tropical regions: drain of surplus from; land augmentation in; migration to

  Sen, Amartya K.

  Shaikh, Anwar

  silver: depreciation of; free coinage of; Herschell Committee; price decreases in

  Sivasubramonian, S.

  Skidelsky, Robert

  Smith, Adam; theory of price

  Smithies, Arthur

  Social Democracy; postwar boom under

  socialism

  source-of-surplus extraction

  Spanish Influenza pandemic

  Sri Lanka; market competition for, India as

  stagflation

  state expenditures: exogenous stimuli and; global capitalism and

  state interventions: capitalism and; in dirigiste regimes; epistemic closure and; during Great Depression; in neoliberal regimes

  Statistical Abstracts for British India

  Statistical Abstracts for India 1920 to 1940

  Steindl, Josef

  sterling, British: gold standard and, exchange rate for; indebtedness of, in India; rupee exchange rate against; U.S. dollar exchange rate against; war financing and

  Stiglitz, Joseph

  super-profits

  supply price: see increasing supply price

  surplus extraction, during Second World War

  surplus production: see ex ante overproduction

  Sweezy, Paul

  tariffs: drain of wealth through; in Third World dirigiste regimes

  tax revenue, drain of wealth through

  taxation: in India, revenues from; of profits, in India; see also land taxes

  temperate migration

  Thatcherism

  theory of price

  Third World dirigiste regimes: agricultural growth in; developmental bureaucracy in; economic growth in; imperialism in; import-substitution in; intermediate regimes in; land redistribution in; during postwar boom; protectionism in; public sector enterprises in; tariff barriers; trade restrictions in

  Togliatti, Palmiro

  trade: free, in colonial economies; global networks; increasing supply price and; India role in multilateral trade systems; merchandise trade balances, for major countries and regions; merchandise trade growth in India; multilateral trade networks and systems; in Third World dirigiste regimes, restrictions of; triangular, in Great Britain; see also international trade

  trade deficits, for Great Britain: colonial transfers from India earnings for; with Continental Europe; earnings from colonial India and; with France; with United States

  trade movement: during postwar boom; postwar dirigiste regimes and

  trade unions, Marxian system and

  transaction demands, in Walrasian system for money

  transfer processes, in drain of wealth

  A Treatise on Money (Keynes)

  triangular relationships: in colonial markets; India in, with Great Britain

  tropical goods

  tropical regions: drain of surplus from; land augmentation in; migration to

  Trump, Donald; fascism and

  Tsuru, Shigeto

  Tugan-Baranovsky, Mikhail

  unemployment levels: inflation and; in Keynesian system; in Marxian system; in monetarist theory; see also involuntary unemployment levels

  United Kingdom (U.K.): national incomes in; Thatcherism in; United States merchandise tr
ade surplus with; see also England and Wales

  United States (U.S.): fascism in, response to; fiscal deficits in, after Vietnam War; global account deficits for; merchandise trade surplus with United Kingdom; New Deal policies in; protectionist policies in; see also U.S. dollar

  universal adult franchise, in Great Britain

  unutilized capacity

  U.S. dollar: convertibility of; exchange rate of, against British sterling

  Vietnam War

  wage deflation: gold standard and, return to; increasing supply price and

  wage growth; in Keynesian system; during postwar boom; during postwar dirigiste regimes

  wage share decreases

  wage units, in Keynesian system; see also money wages

  wages: deflation of; in Global North; in Global South; in Keynesian system; in Marxian system, increases in; reservation

  Wages, Prices and Profits (Marx)

  wages fund theory

  wage-tax spiral

  Wales: see England and Wales

  Walrasian equilibrium; Keynesian system compared to; money-using economies and; Say’s Law and

  Walrasian system, for money: aggregate demand deficiencies and; capitalism and; circulation of commodities in; circulation of money in; C-M-C circuit and; constraints in; ex ante excess supply of commodities and; involuntary unemployment and; monetarism and; Say’s Law and; transaction demands in

  war financing: Bretton Woods system and; central government outlays; through colonial economies; deficit spending and; with earnings from India; government provisioning for troops; through income taxation; for Korean War; money supply index; multiplier effects and; Pakistan and; through profit inflation; public expenditures and; recoverable expenditures; Reserve Bank of India; sterling balances and; through tax revenues; total deficits

  warranted rate of growth

  wartime economic policies: in Great Britain; in India

  wealth: through commodities; money held as, inefficiency of

  wealth demands: ceteris paribus and; involuntary unemployment and; Keynes on; in Keynesian system; Marx on; in Marxian system; for money; in money-using economies; in non-heterodox economic theories

  Weston, Citizen

  White, Harry

  wholesale price index, in Great Britain

  Wilde, Oscar

  Wingate, George

  working class: money illusion and; Phillips Curve and; during postwar boom

  world capitalism

  The World in Depression

  World Trade Organization (WTO)

 

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