God’s FURY, England’s FIRE
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Christ Church, Newgate, lecturer at 340, 445–6
Gangraena… 446–8, 446, 480
reputation 447, 503
death 503
Eikon Basilike 580–81, 581, 588
Eleanor Crosses see Cheapside Cross
elections see voting/voters
Elgin, Earl of 418, 420–21
Eliot, Sir John xxiv
Elizabeth I 57, 535, 536
Church of England under 19–29, 21
Elizabeth of Bohemia 157
Ellit, Robert 255
The New Yeares wonder… 255, 256
enclosure, of common land 68
enclosure riots 234–5, 418, 420–21
the Engagement (C’s agreement with the Scots), 1647 522–5, 527, 529, 536
Engagers (Scottish royalist troops): in Second Civil War 529, 537, 541
northern England, invasion of 537, 543–5, 543, 551–2
at Preston 544–5
England, as a Commonwealth and Free State 585–9
England’s Complaint to Jesus Christ Against the Bishops canons 108
English Reformation 19–20, 26
See also Church of England
English troops
in Ireland 295–6, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 469–70, 530
Enlightenment xxiv–xxv, 567, 568, 591, 592
entertainment 109
at court 63, 278, 388, 527, 580
public, ban on 255, 532–3
episcopacy see bishops
Erastians 311
Erle, Sir Walter 289
Essex 62, 66, 97, 99, 102–3, 110, 184, 202, 531, 533, 534, 541
Catholics, attacks on 199, 230–31, 231
enclosure riots 234–5
forest jurisdictions 419
iconoclasm 314, 433
neutralism 219, 222
New Model Army, campaign to disband 489
as parliamentarian 230–31
petitions from 185; on Prayer Book 152–3
political issues 188, 213
Protestation, support for 144
royalist rising, 1648 533, 534, 535, 538, 539, 541
witch trials 428, 429, 430
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl 105, 297
C and 347; C declares him a traitor 210
at Chalgrove Field 287–8
at Chipping Norton council of war, 1644 327
commission from Parliament 218, 324;
resignation, 1643 288; loss of command 372
in Cornwall, 1644 332
criticism of 288, 289, 324, 327, 332, 336, 351, 353
Cromwell and 350 at Edgehill 242, 243, 244, 247, 248
at Gloucester 290
Henrietta Maria and 331
on William Laud 360
military experience 210, 242
at Newbury 320
as a parliamentarian 210, 224, 265, 271, 280, 287, 300, 301, 318, 326, 327, 331, 352, 450
peace negotiations, involvement in 250, 347
in Plymouth 331–2
John Pym and 210, 288
in Worcester 241
death 477; funeral 477–8, 480; attack on his effigy 478–9
Essex Trained Bands 249
ethnic identities 317–19, 322
Evelyn, Sir John 248, 252
Everenden, John 396
Evers, Compton 100
Ewer, Colonel Isaac 360
Evesham, C in 327
Exchequer 92, 127
Exchequer, Court of 69
excise tax 269–70, 296, 496
resentment of 422–4, 482, 484–5
See also finance/revenues
Exeter 59, 83, 331, 385, 393, 394
royalist attack on, 1642 251
siege of, 1645 388
Exeter, Earl of 105
Fairfax, Lady (wife of Sir Thomas Fairfax) 576, 580
Fairfax, Ferdinando, 2nd Baron 220–21, 288–9, 297, 298, 326, 351
Fairfax, Sir Thomas (son of Lord
Ferdinando Fairfax) 220–21, 298, 301, 404, 476
The Case of the Armie… presented to 512, 513
C’s trial, absence from 576; as possible executioner 580
as Constable of the Tower 502
General Council of the Army, membership of 510–12, 511, 559
in Kent, 1648 541; at Colchester 541, 546–8; execution of royalist commanders 547–8
at Marston Moor 330, 332–3
military experience 242
at Naseby 376, 377, 378
as New Model Army Lord General 371, 374, 376, 384–6, 461, 481, 491, 494, 497, 498, 499, 501, 519, 543; his commission 371–2
in Newmarket, 1647 495
as a parliamentarian 251, 288–9, 297, 301, 371
peace negotiations, involvement with 554
Remonstrance promoted by 519
Self-Denying Ordinance and 370
at York, siege of 326, 328
Falkland, Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount 189–90, 193, 228, 229
famine see food supplies; harvest failures
farming see agriculture
Farnham Castle 265
Farr, Colonel 548
Faunt, Sir William 66–7, 134
Felton, John
assassination of Duke of Buckingham 40–45, 46; motivation 40–41, 46, 53, 80
C’s attitude to 42
as a Protestant 41, 42
reading habits 53, 54, 55, 109
support for 41–2, 43–4, 55
trial/execution 41, 42–3, 44, 53–4; his speech from the scaffold 43, 54
Fens
Lincolnshire 462
Norfolk 419–20, 426
Feoffes for Impropriation 74
Ferne, Henry 257, 258
Fettiplace, John 397
Fiennes, Nathaniel (son of Viscount Saye and Sele) 105, 130
his court martial 288
at Edgehill 245–6
treason charges against 300, 356, 449, 459
Filch, Richard 461
finance/revenues 68, 78–9, 98, 119, 127, 132–4, 323
Books of Rates 133, 134, 140
military campaigns before 1640, payment for: by forced loans 45, 48, 86; through Parliament 45, 89, 91, 92, 96, 132
Coat and Conduct money 87, 99, 119
coinage, debasement of 184
customs revenues 133–4, 140
excise tax 269–70, 296, 422–4, 483, 496
forest jurisdiction fines 68, 140, 141
knighthood fines 68, 71, 140–41
Long Parliament debates on 131–4, 140
monopolies, granting of 47, 67–8, 71
Propositions on 211
ship money see ship money
subsidies 132–3, 140, 269
taxation see taxation
under Charles II 141
Finch, Sir John (Lord Keeper) 90
fire, fear of 103
Firebrace, Sir Henry 526, 535
Five Articles of Perth, 1617 17, 24, 31
Five Knights case 45–6
Five Members (of Parliament): C’s attempt to detain 179–80, 498; charges against dropped 186; events following 180–81, 180, 182, 183, 200
Flacke, William 461–2
Flatchett, John 422
Fleming, Colonel 539, 549
food supplies/prices 57–8, 59, 98, 115, 184, 387
harvest failures xxii, 401, 483, 530–31, 579
troops foraging for food 396, 397, 416
forced loans 45, 48, 86
foreign policy 49, 54 See also France; Spain
forest jurisdictions/fines 68, 140, 141, 235, 419, 426
Formaston, Thomas 406
Forth, Patrick, Lord Ruthven, Earl 284
fortifications
construction 392–3, 392, 402, 402, 541
slighting of 542
Four Bills, 1647 522–4
Foxe, John: Book of Martyrs 48–9, 197
France 592
C, French peace broker sent to 471–2
Charles, Prince of Wales in 537
&
nbsp; England, proposed invasion of 472
England, war with 46, 65, 242, 469
Henrietta Maria in 186, 250, 348
Mazarin as chief minister 252, 348
Protestants in 40, 44, 46
Richelieu as chief minister 252
royalists, support for 250, 252, 316, 348
Scotland and 12, 89, 90–91
Spain and 472
under Louis XIII 89, 90–91
franchise see voting/voters
Gainsborough engagement, 1643 289, 320–21
garrison towns 391–2, 393, 396–7, 401, 407–8, 414
arms industry supported by 399
Gascoigne, Sir Bernard 548
Gauden, John 157
Gell, Sir John 251, 265, 422, 423
Gell, Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas 422
gender issues see women
General Council of the Army 495, 499, 500, 507
The Agreement of the People and 565
Fairfax as member of 510–11, 511, 559
Heads of Proposals discussed by 511–12 513
importance/influence 515
meetings 510–12, 511
New Model Army coup, 1648 and 560
Parliament, support for 524
Elizabeth Poole’s appearance before 566–7
Putney debates see Putney debates
The Remonstrance of the Army discussed by 559
gentlemen/gentry 54, 58–9, 61, 62, 396, 405–6
Germany 242
Gerrard, Charles 385
Gil, Alexander 46
Glamorgan, Henry Somerset, Earl: in Ireland 348, 369–71, 471
Glasgow 38, 39, 88, 89 See also Scotland
Glemham, Sir Thomas 529
Gloucester, siege of, 1643 289, 190–91, 297, 301, 302, 308, 371; C’s call for surrender 301; lifting of 320, 321, 322, 393; damage caused by 393–4
Gloucester, Henry, Duke of (son of C), as possible regent 552, 564, 572
Gloucestershire 63, 232, 235, 251–2, 265
Glover, George, engraving of John Lilburne 440
Goffe, William 517, 549, 551
Goodwin, John 345
Goodwin, Thomas 338–9, 339, 442
Goring, George 191, 216, 374, 375, 376, 378, 388, 397, 414, 541
at Marston Moor 330
after Naseby 384, 385
Gough, Richard 390, 406, 408
Gower, Stanley 118
Gowrie, William Ruthven, 1st Earl 15, 242, 244, 264
grain riots 61, 184, 236, 483
Grand Juries 65, 66, 67, 153, 205, 212, 213–24, 216, 226, 285, 417, 533, 534, 540
Grand Remonstrance, 1641
presented to Parliament 169–71, 175, 176, 195, 337, 525
publication/circulation 171, 172–3, 195
significance 177–8
Grantham engagement, 1643 264
Graves, Colonel 494
Great Council, Parliament as 183, 188–9, 192
Great Seal 212
new, authorized by Parliament, 1643 323–4, 476, 522
new, excluding authority of the Lords, 1649 570–71, 586
Green, Hugh 200
Green, John 344
Greene, Father Thomas 199–200
Greene, William 579
Greenwich 187
Grey of Groby, Thomas, Baron 561
Grimston, Harbottle 91, 555
Guildhall 274
Guisborough 297, 299
gunpowder 398, 455–6 See also arms industry
Gunpowder Plot, 1605 199
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden 244
Guthry, Henry 28
Hamilton, James, 3rd Marquess (later Duke) 36, 37, 159, 471
capture/imprisonment 562, 565
C and 307, 308, 629
Engager troops raised by 543–5, 543, 551–2
plot against 159–60
in Prayer Book rebellion 36–7, 38, 39, 83, 88, 89
at Preston 544–5, 547
Hammond, John 433
Hammond, Colonel Robert 488, 560 as C’s custodian at Carisbrooke 521, 533, 559
Hammond, Thomas 488
Hampden, John 68–9, 83, 186, 199 death 287, 356, 390
Hampshire 212, 413, 421
pro-royalist campaign, 1648 535–6
Hampton Court 182, 185
Hampton Court proposals, 1647
C’s letter to Lords offering compromise settlement 521–2; Four Bills as response to 522–4; C’s rejection of 523; Parliament reopens negotiations on 551; See also Newport negotiations; New Model Army’s attitude to 551–2, 553–4
Harley, Lady Brilliana 204
Harley, Sir Robert 118, 281
Harley, Edward 243
Harley Committee 274–5, 253, 312, 314, 315
Harley family 59
Harper, Richard 202–3
his prophetic pamphlets 205–6, 410
Harris, Sir Paul 224, 401
Harrison, Major (later Colonel) Thomas 439, 567, 575
Harryman, Richard 462
Hartlib, Samuel 157, 158, 454–8
Baconian science, interest in 454, 455, 463
Sir Cheyney Culpeper, correspondence with 294, 457
as a letter writer 294, 454, 457
John Milton and 454
The Parliaments Reformation 455, 456 as a radical 457
Harvey, William 246
harvest failures xxii, 401, 483, 530–31, 579
See also food supplies
Harwood, Richard 53
Haselrig, Sir Arthur 66, 135, 139, 494, 544 at Newbury 333
Hastings, Sir Henry 265
Haverfordwest Castle 385
Hawley, William 98
Heads of Proposals, July 1647 499–500, 504, 507, 509, 511, 552–3, 555
presented to C 501; Ireton’s discussion with him on 509; C’s response to 509–10, 520, 521; republished September 1647 510; General Council of the Army discussions on 511–12, 513
Heath, Sir Robert (Attorney General) 45
Henderson, Alexander 28, 34, 79
‘Instructions for Defensive Arms’ 107
instructs C in Presbyterianism 471
Henrietta Anne, Princess (daughter of C) 331
Henrietta Maria, Queen 278, 298, 299, 331
attacks on 178–9
as a Catholic 23, 73, 142, 178–9
C and 185, 210, 228, 261, 289, 331, 472
in Civil War: First 186, 250, 253; Second 552, 555
Essex and 331
in France 186, 250; return to England, 1643 264–5; return to France, 1644 331, 348
in Netherlands, 1642 250, 264