God’s FURY, England’s FIRE
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Newcastle Propositions, attitude to 467, 468
political influence 190, 249–50, 295, 308, 316, 353, 381–2, 409, 409, 470
raising support for royalists 255, 253, 264, 285, 289
in York, 1643 298
Henry VIII 19
Henry, Prince (brother of C) 478
Henry, Prince (son of C) 577
Herbert, George: ‘Sacrifice’, parody on 526
Herbert of Cherbury, Edward Herbert, Baron 265
Hereford 384, 385 siege of, 1645 386, 388, 413, 414
Herefordshire 59, 105, 204, 219, 223, 287, 542
clubmen in 413, 414, 425, 421
purgation of churches 275
heresy 338, 343, 446, 522, 536
ordinances against, 1647 477
See also schism
Herle, Charles 338–9, 339
Herring, Michael 313
Hertford, William Seymour, 3rd Earl 105
as a royalist 228, 538
royalist troops under, in west country 215–16, 222, 252, 287
Prince Rupert, disagreement with 290
Hertfordshire 82, 99, 222, 235, 334, 405
Hertfordshire Trained Band 249
Hewson, Thomas 136
Heylyn, Peter 121, 282
High Commission, Court of 121, 141, 153 See also legal system
Houghton Tower 390
historical records, as accurate/truthful 582–5
Hobbes, Thomas 453, 458, 591
Leviathan 458, 591
Holborne, Robert 69
Holcroft, Mr 217
Holland see Netherlands
Holland, Henry Rich, 1st Earl 88, 210, 224, 542
Hollar, Wenceslaus
London, 1647, engraving 113, 114–15
‘The execution of the Earl of Strafford’, engraving 138
Holles, Denzil 248, 252–3, 324, 350, 371, 481, 503
on Arminianism 253
Cromwell, his plan to arrest 494
his ‘declaration of dislike’ 489
Ireton and 489
militia act, 1647, his petition against 501
New Model Army charges against 498, 500; his support for their disbanding 488–9, 491
at Newport negotiations 555
John Pym and 252–3
Holmby, C taken to, from Newcastle 473–4, 476
Holt/Holt Castle 81, 394
holy days/holidays 76, 116, 204, 264, 279–80, 482–3, 496, 497, 531
as focus of dissent 531–3
May Day 264, 280, 482
New Year 256
Puritan suppression of 204, 482
Sundays 279–80, 340, 393, 482 See also Christmas
Honeywood, Sir Thomas 541
honour 300, 301–2, 362, 515
codes of conduct 395–6
definition 450
honourable surrender 332, 459
See also allegiance
Hooker, Richard 47, 49
Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity 20–21
Hopkins, Matthew 429–30, 432, 434, 435, 463
Hopton, Ralph 92, 321, 390
military experience 242
royalist troops under, in west country 215–16, 223, 252, 264, 266, 267, 287, 288, 289, 326, 388
William Waller, correspondence with 227
Hopton Castle, atrocities following siege of 395–6
Hopton Heath, battle of, 1643 265–6
horses, supply of 399, 542
Horton, Colonel Thomas 539
Hotham, Captain (son of Sir John Hotham) 221, 298
change of allegiance 298–9
execution 289, 300, 356, 362, 362
Hotham, Sir John 182, 190, 191–2, 476
Sir Hugh Cholmley and 298
as a parliamentarian 221, 288; change of allegiance 298–91, 300; execution 289, 356, 362, 362
rebellion charges against 190–91
House of Commons see Commons
House of Lords see Lords
How, Samuel: The Sufficiencie of the Spirits Teaching 109
Howell, James 175
Hull 38, 172, 206, 300, 301
C refused entry to 221, 446
as parliamentarian 221, 222, 251, 288, 289, 321
weapons/ordnance assembled at 182, 190; C’s attempt to gain control of 190–92
Humble Petition of Thousands of Well-Affected Persons, presented to Parliament, 1648 553–4
Humble Remonstrance, 1647 498
Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 5th Earl 66–7, 68, 134
Huntingdonshire 99, 428
Huntly, George Gordon, 2nd Marquess 83, 84
Hurst Castle, C in custody in 560, 575
Husbands, Edward 535
An exact Collection of all Remonstrances… 272–3, 284, 296, 315, 444, 492, 510, 584
Hutchinson, Anne 340
Hutchinson, Lucy 408
Hyde, Sir Edward see Clarendon, Edward Hyde
iconoclasm 144–5, 146–7, 274–5, 274, 296
Cheapside Cross, demolition of 262–4, 262, 274, 275, 280, 282, 314, 315
William Dowsing as an iconoclast 313–14, 347, 406, 428, 429–30, 433, 434
by English troops 100–102, 215, 345
Essex’s funeral effigy, attack on 478–9
by parliamentarian troops 241, 283–4
provincial 146–8, 201–4, 462
Impressment Bill, 1642 186
Inchiquin, Murrough O’Brien, Earl 306, 381, 530
Indemnity Ordinance, 1647 492
Independent churches 311, 314, 338–9, 344–6, 427, 442, 486, 533
beliefs 372; in millenarianism 345, 454, 455, 464, 567–8
Thomas Edwards on 340, 346
in London 410, 458, 486, 489
New Model Army, relationship with 354, 373, 480, 488, 489–90 507–8
parliamentary troops as members of 345–7
‘seekers’ 341
under lay preachers 344–5
women in 410, 411, 434
See also individual denominations; sectarianism
individual, liberty/liberties of xxv, 47, 78, 79, 194, 258–9, 591
individual conscience 106–7, 109, 440, 442, 514, 565
latitudinarianism 490
religious xxv, 340, 341, 343, 442, 443, 490, 500, 521
of speech 196, 342–3, 458, 460
industry see trades/industries
Inglesbye, Matthew 407
intellectual enquiry 454, 455, 458, 462–3 See also books/reading; pamphlets/tracts
Inverlochy (Scotland) engagement, 1654 335–6
Ireland 163, 562
Catholicism in xxiii, 39, 165, 304–5; See also Confederated Catholics
C and 24, 162, 165, 190; Cessation negotiations, 1643 295–6, 303–9, 315, 316, 317–18, 319, 349; after his surrender, 1646 469
Covenanters, opposition to 164, 165
Covenanter troops in 305–6
Dublin see Dublin
Glamorgan in 358, 369, 471
the Old English 162, 163–4, 165, 166
English troops in 295–6, 303, 305, 306, 307, 309, 469–70, 530
Ormonde in: as C’s representative 470–71, 530, 555, 559, 563, 564; as commander, English troops in 305, 306, 307, 485–6
peace negotiations with, 1648 555
plantation policy 162, 163, 165, 166
Protestantism in xxiii, 162–3, 164–7, 305, 469; See also Church of Ireland
Scottish troops in 469–70
Ulster see Ulster
Wentworth as Lord Lieutenant 84, 130, 164–5
See also Irish…
Ireton, Henry 376, 488, 510, 533
on The Agreement of the People 515–16
at Colchester 548
dissolution of parliament, his argument for, 1648 561, 565
Heads of Proposals, discussion with C on 509
Denzil Holles and 489
at Naseby 376, 377
New Model Army and 555–9
on parliamentary representation 516–17
peace proposa
ls, 1648 and 554, 559
The Remonstrance of the Army and 556–9, 561
Irish Parliament 164, 165, 166
Irish rebellion, 1641 161–9, 171, 172, 174, 469–71, 472, 486
aims 166–7
atrocitiy stories on 167–8, 167, 197
causes 162–6
C’s support for 168, 175, 181
effects of 178, 181, 197, 199
Parliament’s response to (Additional Instructions) 168–9, 170, 178, 181
support for 166, 168, 201
in Ulster 166, 175
Irish troops 159, 190, 317
Confederated Catholic see Confederated Catholics in England, as royalists 317; atrocity stories against 317–18; C’s request for more 384; ordinance against 318, 319;
parliamentary army’s treatment of 318–19, 322
Prayer Book rebellion and 39, 83, 84, 96
Isle of Wight see Carisbrooke Castle
Jackson, Philip 219
Jackson, Thomas 255
A great wonder in Heaven… 255, 256
James VI of Scotland (James I of England) 4, 13, 16, 45, 57, 536, 577
abduction of, by William Ruthven 15
Book of Sports 279
Buckingham as his favourite 52
character 24
images of 587
Andrew Melville, his opposition to 15–16
Scottish Reformed Church and 15–16, 17–18
James, Duke of York (James II) 190, 246, 537
Jenison, Thomas 203–4
Jenkins, David 490
Jennifer, William 407
Jermyn, Henry 467
Jesuits 23, 94, 139, 169–70
Johnson, Joane 402
Johnston, Sir Archibald, Lord Wariston 34
Jones, Inigo 73, 387–8, 527, 577
Jones, Michael 530
Jonson, Ben 63
Josselin, Ralph 579
Josselyn, Elizabeth 53
Joyce, George 493–5, 525
Julius Caesar 54–5
Kent 43, 68, 99, 119, 130, 215, 222, 230, 420
enclosure riots 420–21
Prayer Book petition 205, 212, 228
royalist rising, 1648 531–2, 535, 538, 539–42
witch trials 430
A Key To the Kings cabinet 382–3, 459
Kilsyth, battle of, 1645 386
King, Colonel Edward 409
King, James 242
King, William 407
The Kings Cabinet opened 380–83, 408
King’s Covenant 38
King’s Evil (scrofula), touching for 474–6, 527, 581
Kingston-on-Thames, arsenal at 182
knighthood fines 68, 140–41
Knox, John 12, 106
Knyvett, Thomas 207–8, 211
Komensky, Jan see Comenius
labour supply 57–8, 400–401
Lambe, Dr John 46
Lambert, John 542, 543–4, 545
Lambeth Palace 93–4, 94, 97, 116
Lanark, William Hamilton, Earl 520
Lancashire 130, 172, 222, 265, 266, 430
militia in 214, 217, 223
neutralism 219, 221
royalist troops in 328, 386–7
Lancaster 265
Lanes, Colonel Thomas 402
Langdale, Sir Marmaduke 376, 377, 384, 386, 529
at Preston 544, 545
Langley, John 582
Langport, battle of, 1645 384–5, 413, 439
language(s) 380–81, 450
contested meanings 449, 450–51
foreign 453
political 461
Lansdown, battle of, 1643 288, 321
Large Petition, to Commons, 1647 487, 488, 489, 493, 503
Last will and testament… 534
Lathom House 265, 326, 393
latitudinarianism 490
Laud, William, Bishop of London, Archbishop of Canterbury 2, 22, 23, 24, 28, 44, 78, 279
Catholicism, rumoured conversion to 93, 97, 103, 116
anti-Laudianism 78, 81–2, 93, 96, 98, 119, 121, 124, 127, 134–5, 145–6, 147, 152, 228, 312, 313, 324–5
as anti-Puritan 42, 79
John Felton and 42
impeachment/trial 134, 147, 359–60
Influence/importance 48, 53, 71–80, 95, 116
as a martyr 360–61, 369
William Prynne and 359
visitation powers, use of 72
execution 356, 359, 360, 459; speech from the scaffold 360–61
See also Lambeth Palace
Lauderdale, John Maitland, 2nd Earl 520
Laugharne, Major-General Rowland 385, 538, 539
law 44, 490, 511
common 47, 54
criminal 62
habeas corpus 45
military 286
royal prerogative see royal prerogative
salus populii principle 557, 558, 573, 586
vox populii principle 573
See also legal system
Le Neve, Sir William 246–7
legal system 212, 218, 405–6
assizes 62, 205, 212, 213–14, 216, 285
Commissions of the Peace 212
courts 62; Exchequer 69; High Commission 121, 141, 153; Oyer and Terminer 94–5; See also Star Chamber high constables 58–9, 60
judicial torture 95
juries 52; See also Grand Juries
King’s Negative Voice 189, 194, 554
litigation 114, 123
magistrates (Justices of the Peace) 59, 61–2, 65, 79
Parliament’s role in 123, 183, 188–9, 194, 405
quarter sessions 61–2, 65, 67, 212, 285
sheriffs 70
village/parish constables 58, 60, 64, 65, 70
Leicester, sack of, 1645 375–6, 384, 442
Leicestershire 66–7, 68, 211, 214, 254
Leighton, Alexander 278
Lennox, Esmé James Stewart, Earl (later Duke) 14, 15, 34, 185
Lenthall, William, Speaker of the House of Commons 379, 440, 443
Leslie, David 492
letter writers, professional 173, 454
letters/correspondence
C’s 382–3, 459, 525, 581
publication of 382–3, 450, 459
Levellers 195, 373, 591
Agreement of the People revised by 565
Humble Petition… 553–4
ideals/motivation 234, 443, 444, 549
influence/importance 444, 549, 551, 553–4
John Lilburne as a Leveller 458, 508, 565
origins/growth of 443–4, 448, 489, 508
petitions by 410, 487, 553–4, 555
print campaign by 444, 519