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James Madison: A Life Reconsidered

Page 64

by Lynne Cheney


  Helvidius Priscus, 242

  Hemings, Madison, 309–10

  Hemings, Sally, 298, 308–9

  Henry, James, 80

  Henry, John, 375–76

  Henry, Patrick, 51, 122, 345, 417

  and Antifederalists, 171–72, 182, 184

  death of, 280

  and events leading to Revolution, 46–47

  as governor of Virginia, 62, 65, 66, 67–68, 108, 117

  and Mississippi River, 121, 174–75

  as opposed to Constitution, 170, 174–77, 185

  as orator, 8, 46, 57, 123, 175

  and ratification, 159, 170–71, 172–73, 174–77, 190

  and Virginia Assembly, 44, 106–7, 108, 184, 185, 280

  and Virginia Convention, 57, 59, 347

  and “We, the People,” 171–72

  Hessian mercenaries, 65

  Hippocrates, 17, 31

  HMS Confiance, 413

  HMS Guerriere, 370, 383–84

  HMS Leopard, 341

  HMS Little Belt, 370, 383

  Hobbes, Thomas, 230

  Horseshoe Bend, Battle of, 419

  House, Mary, 1–2, 4, 7, 80–81, 98, 100, 101, 111, 125, 220, 243

  House of Representatives, U.S.:

  election of 1800 decided in, 290–91

  First Congress under the Constitution, 188–90

  Madison as leader of, 189

  Muhlenberg as first Speaker of, 188–89

  number of members in, 197

  see also Congress, U.S.

  Huger, Daniel, 216

  Hull, Isaac, 300, 383–84, 385

  Hull, William, 381, 386, 393

  Hume, David, 30, 42–43, 76, 124, 211

  Humphreys, David, 193

  Hunt, Gaillard, 16

  Hunt, Samuel, 345

  Impost of 1783, 189

  Independent Chronicle (Boston), 275

  Indiana Territory, 373

  Indians:

  as British allies, 66, 68, 246, 372, 373–74, 375–76, 378, 381–82

  land purchased from, 115

  and Revolution, 52, 66, 68

  treaties with, 111, 113

  and U.S. expansion, 419–20

  and War of 1812, 381–82, 393, 419

  Industrial Revolution, 211, 229–30

  Ingersoll, Charles Jared, 9

  Intolerable Acts, 45

  Ireland, James, 40

  Iroquois Confederacy, 111, 112–13

  Irvine, William, 7

  Irving, Washington, 371

  Jackson, Andrew, 397, 417, 418–19, 421

  presidency of, 445, 447, 450

  Jackson, Elizabeth, 361

  Jackson, Francis James, 360–66

  Jackson, James, 212–13, 215

  Jackson, John G., 363

  Jackson, William, 127

  Jay, John, 98, 129

  as envoy to London, 247, 252–53, 254

  and The Federalist, 8, 157, 165, 347

  as secretary of foreign affairs, 120–21, 122–23, 157

  and Spain, 84, 85, 86, 120–21, 122, 247

  Jay Treaty (1794), 252–53, 254–62, 264, 266, 269–70, 301

  Jefferson, Martha Wayles Skelton (wife), 70, 97, 349

  Jefferson, Thomas:

  and Adams presidency, 265, 274–77, 297, 446

  and assumption of war debts, 217–18

  autobiography of, 71

  biographers of, 72, 325

  books of, 6–7, 71, 104, 117, 271, 422

  and British provocations, 340–41, 342, 343, 347–48, 350

  and Burr trial, 337, 338–39

  and capital city location, 217–19

  and Constitution, 159–60, 165, 170, 180, 234–35

  and Constitutional Convention, 128, 151, 160

  and Continental Congress, 60, 64

  correspondence with Madison, 77, 90, 97–98, 102, 103, 107, 110, 112–13, 154, 158–60, 179–80, 182–84, 191, 203, 206–8, 251–52, 274, 285, 289, 301, 367, 369, 374–75

  death of, 443, 453

  and Declaration of Independence, 61, 62, 110, 443

  and Eliza Trist, 2, 111–12

  financial woes of, 441–42

  and French aid, 88–89

  as governor of Virginia, 68, 72, 73, 75, 80, 85

  and Hamilton, 234–35, 237, 238, 241, 257, 265, 292

  health of, 71, 225

  ideas of, 71

  and Kentucky Resolutions, 276–77, 445

  and Lafayette, 437

  and Louisiana Purchase, 304, 308, 309, 310–11

  Madison’s friendship with, 3, 64, 69–73, 100, 102, 114, 158, 170, 179–80, 206–8, 288, 442–43, 449

  and Madison’s talents, 68, 69, 267

  and Maryland letter, 170, 179, 234

  migraines of, 67, 71, 334, 340, 390

  and Monroe/Pinckney treaty, 340–41

  and Monticello, 104, 205, 263, 270, 288, 293, 296, 300, 422, 437, 441–42

  and national debt, 218, 231, 232

  Notes on the State of Virginia, 211, 213

  and nullification, 276–77, 446

  papers of, 10

  in Paris, 97–98, 106–7, 128, 159, 160, 183, 206, 239, 313

  and peace negotiations with France, 279–80

  personal traits of, 2–3, 60, 61, 64, 70–72, 407

  and political parties, 8, 224, 234, 257

  portrait of, 435

  presidency of, 8, 222, 265, 267, 293, 298–99, 302–3, 329–30, 335, 337, 344, 348, 362

  and presidential elections, 262–67, 278, 280, 284, 285–86, 287, 289–92, 295, 317, 318, 327, 344, 351

  and prisoners of war, 68–69

  and ratification, 159, 170, 174, 179–80, 234

  and religion, 39, 64, 109–10

  reputation of, 263, 298, 308–9, 344, 362, 443, 446

  and retirement, 243, 247, 263

  return from Paris, 202–3

  as secretary of state, 203, 205–8, 222, 240–42, 243

  and slavery, 70, 72, 302

  socializing, 306, 313–16, 354

  A Summary View of the Rights of British America, 60

  travel to northern states, 223–25

  and undeclared war with France, 278

  and University of Virginia, 110, 436–38

  as vice president, 265, 266, 274

  and Virginia constitution, 60–61

  and Virginia legislature, 44, 64, 67

  and Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 6

  and War of 1812, 377, 382

  in Washington City, 296

  Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, 138

  Jennings, Paul, 453

  Jesup, Thomas, 416

  Johnson, Richard, 375–76

  Johnson, William, 137

  Jones, Joseph, 80, 81, 82, 89

  Jones, William, 387, 406

  judicial branch:

  Constitutional Convention on, 129, 142, 143

  creation of, 188, 192

  Marbury v. Madison, 311–13

  and nullification, 446–47

  see also Supreme Court, U.S.

  Judiciary Acts (1789), 192, 312; (1801), 303; (1802), 303

  Kearns, Watkins, 458

  Kentucky Resolutions, 276–77, 279, 283, 445

  Ketcham, Ralph, 9, 327

  Key, Francis Scott, 413, 433

  King, Rufus, 135, 138, 145, 173, 314, 416

  Kings Mountain, Battle of, 82

  Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, 12

  Knox, Henry, 208

  Kreider, Angela, 9

  Lafayette, marquis de, 90, 111–13, 239, 437, 449

  Lake Champlain, 413–14

  Lake Erie, Battle of, 393

  Lake George, 224–25

  Lansing, John, Jr., 133

  Latrobe, Benjamin, 357

  Lawrence, 393

  Lear, Tobias, 281

  Leclerc, Charles, 304

  Lee, Arthur, 83–84, 92–93

  Lee, Eliza Collins, 250, 271

  Lee, Henry (Light-Horse Harry), 83,
409

  and American Revolution, 77–78

  and national debt, 216

  and speculation, 226, 227, 380

  and strong central government, 216–17, 228, 426

  Washington eulogy by, 281

  Lee, Richard Bland, 186

  Lee, Richard Henry, 46, 58, 154, 155, 156, 184

  Lee, Robert E., 380, 458

  legislative branch:

  Constitutional Convention on, 129–32, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145–46, 147, 434

  see also Congress, U.S.

  Leland, John, 167–68, 186

  L’Enfant, Pierre, 296

  Leonard, George, 199

  Lewis, Meriwether, 296–97, 298, 308, 335

  Lincoln, Levi, 324

  Lingan, James, 380

  Livingston, Edward, 258, 260

  Livingston, Robert R., 80, 223, 305, 307, 310

  Locke, John, 21, 33, 59, 425

  Long Island, British troops on, 63, 99–100

  Louisiana Purchase, 307–8, 309, 310–11, 323, 330, 336, 337, 367

  Louisiana Territory, 301–2, 304, 305

  Louis XVI, king of France, 183, 205, 239–40

  Louis XVIII, king of France, 435

  Love, Matilda Lee, 409

  Loyalists, 48–49, 50, 56, 68

  Luckey, George, 44

  Luzerne, chevalier de la, 81, 82, 97

  Lyon, Matthew, 275

  McClurg, James, 142–43

  McCulloch v. Maryland, 434

  Macdonough, Thomas, 413

  McDougall, Alexander, 92

  Macedonian, 386

  McHenry, James, 278, 287

  McKean, Sally, 323

  McKenney, Thomas, 402

  Maclay, William, 192, 210–11, 215, 264

  Macomb, Alexander, 414

  Macon, Nathaniel, 396

  Macon’s Bill Number 2, 364–66

  Madison, Ambrose (brother), 17, 156, 243, 252

  Madison, Ambrose (grandfather), 12–14, 16, 293, 453

  Madison, Catlett (brother), 17

  Madison, Dolley Payne (wife), 9, 10, 103, 265, 331–32, 438

  courtship and marriage, 249–50

  death of, 457

  as Dolley Todd, 244, 248–50

  and elections, 344

  and family finances, 439, 449, 452, 455–57

  health concerns of, 327–29, 330, 331, 456

  and James’s health, 250, 391, 451

  and Montpelier, 270–71, 456

  personal traits of, 355, 358, 451

  and politics, 344–45, 366, 369, 451

  portrait of, 321, 322, 323, 435

  and Quakers, 248, 249–50, 271

  and social life, 253, 271, 306–7, 314, 322, 332, 344, 354–55, 357–58, 359, 385, 386, 424, 434, 436, 437, 456, 457

  as subject of gossip, 345–46, 361

  and War of 1812, 400, 402, 404, 408–12, 417, 418, 421

  and Washington City, 295–96, 390, 400, 404, 410, 411, 414, 457

  Madison, Frances (grandmother), 12–15, 16–17, 19, 20–21, 56, 293, 453

  Madison, Frances “Fannie” (sister), 265, 271, 439

  Madison, Francis (brother), 17

  Madison, James:

  anonymous writings of, 95–97, 109, 157–58, 168, 187–88, 242, 243, 343

  autobiography of, 52, 425

  and bill of rights, 8, 160, 183–84, 191, 195, 196, 200, 458

  biographers of, 9, 65, 425

  birth of, 16–17

  in boardinghouses, 2, 7, 69, 80–81, 97, 101, 106, 111, 117, 123, 155, 220, 243, 282

  books of, 32, 36–37, 45, 71, 104, 117

  and British provocations, 246–47, 254, 342, 343–44

  and Burr trial, 337

  and capital city location, 201–2, 217–19

  childhood of, 17–20

  childlessness of, 271

  and Congress, see Congress, U.S.

  and Constitution, see Constitution; Constitutional Convention

  and Continental army, 79, 86, 92, 93, 96, 209

  in Continental Congress, 2, 6, 73, 75, 76–77, 84, 85–86, 97, 101, 120–22

  correspondence with Jefferson, 77, 90, 97–98, 102, 103, 107, 110, 112–13, 154, 158–60, 179–80, 182–84, 191, 203, 206–8, 251–52, 274, 285, 289, 301, 367, 369, 374–75

  creative genius of, 5, 7–8, 60, 68, 70–71, 123, 452–53, 458

  death of, 453

  despondency of, 35–38

  and diplomacy, 69, 82–84, 93, 95, 106, 118, 122–23

  and Dolley, see Madison, Dolley Payne

  estate of, 14, 451–52, 455–56

  family background of, 11–18

  as “father of the Constitution,” 153

  and father’s estate, 293–94

  and The Federalist, 8, 157–66, 179, 208, 221, 224, 228

  finances of, 29, 81, 94, 104, 114–16, 293, 305–6, 345, 439–41

  general health of, 2, 38–40, 71, 113–14, 175, 178, 217, 225, 266, 282, 292, 293, 300, 347–49, 348–49, 371, 390–92, 451–53

  government envisioned by, see government

  grave of, 453, 458

  and Hamilton, 235, 237–38

  history studied by, 6–7, 60, 62, 105, 117, 123, 164

  and Jay Treaty, 254–57, 258–62

  Jefferson’s friendship with, 3, 64, 69–73, 100, 102, 114, 158–60, 170, 179–80, 206–8, 288, 442–43

  and Kitty Floyd, 99–100, 101–2

  and land speculation, 86, 115–16, 210–11, 324–27

  law studies of, 41

  leadership skills of, 97, 105, 169, 175, 177–78, 181, 189–90, 200–201

  legacy of, 9, 429

  letter to the states, 95–97

  Marbury v. Madison, 311–13

  “Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments,” 168

  and Mississippi River navigation, 84–85, 111, 120–21, 122, 182, 259–60, 304–5

  and Montpelier, see Montpelier

  at Nassau Hall (Princeton), 23–33

  national bank and, 220, 221–22, 226, 227, 440

  National Gazette essays by, 231, 233, 234, 235

  natural history interest of, 104

  “Notes on Ancient and Modern Confederacies,” 123

  and nullification, 445–48

  and Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 47, 48–49, 55

  papers of, 9–10, 21, 32–33, 448–49, 455, 457

  personal traits of, 2–4, 9, 69–72, 81, 113, 181, 190, 284–85, 321, 371, 424–25

  political defeats of, 65, 70, 184, 210

  political evolution of, 221, 423

  and political parties, 224, 228–29, 231, 232–33, 235–37

  political skills of, 60, 67–68, 82, 83–84, 97, 107–8, 118, 189–90, 207, 209–10, 228–29, 290, 309, 325, 340, 347–48, 356–57, 362, 365, 367–71, 446, 458

  portraits of, 89–90, 321–22, 435

  posthumous statement of, 448

  presidency of, 8, 222, 352, 355–58, 362–63, 367–71, 387–92, 394, 397–400, 416–18, 423, 425–26

  and presidential elections, 236–37, 262–63, 265, 278, 284, 289–90, 291–92, 317, 319, 335, 344–52, 385

  as public speaker, 3, 181, 185–86, 190

  and ratification, 167–69, 170–78, 179–80, 190

  religious beliefs of, 39–40, 41–42, 453

  and religious freedom, 59–60, 63–64, 108–10, 168

  Report of 1800, 282–84

  and Republican Party, 236–37, 243

  reputation of, 9, 42, 82, 97, 239, 252

  and retirement from U.S. Congress, 252–53, 265–66, 267

  and retirement from public life, 429–41, 445–50

  and Revolutionary War debt, 91, 96, 209–11, 216

  schooling of, 5, 20–23, 71

  as secretary of state, 8, 292, 298–99, 300–302, 315, 327, 329–30, 333, 347–48

  and slavery, 13–14, 19, 41, 72, 94–95, 115, 212–14, 225, 271–72, 441, 449, 451–52

  socializing, 104, 181, 203, 306, 314–16, 35
4, 355, 434–36, 437

  “sudden attacks” of, 4, 6, 17–18, 29, 31, 32, 38, 40, 51–52, 71, 87–88, 102, 114, 173, 225, 250, 262, 266, 300, 317, 328, 334, 425

  and threat of war with Britain, 261–62

  travels of, 113–14, 223–25

  and University of Virginia, 436–38

  “Vices of the Political System of the United States,” 123, 124, 159, 164

  and Virginia Assembly, 6, 63, 104, 105–10, 280, 282–84

  and Virginia Convention, 55–57, 59–62

  in Virginia Council of State, 65–67, 68, 69, 72–73

  and Virginia Resolutions, 276–77, 282–83, 445, 446

  and War of 1812, see War of 1812

  Madison, Rev. James (cousin), 69, 87, 351

  Madison, James senior (father), 15–17, 20, 22, 26, 37, 42, 87, 126, 166

  death of, 293

  estate of, 293–94, 439, 456

  health of, 271, 292

  and Montpelier, 243, 252, 253, 270, 271, 293, 430

  and Orange County Committee of Safety, 46, 48, 55

  and young James’s finances, 29, 94, 104, 114

  Madison, John (great-grandfather), 12

  Madison, John (great-great-grandfather), 11–12

  Madison, Nelly (mother), 16–17, 42, 270

  children of, 17, 22, 47

  death of, 450

  illness of, 194, 203

  Madison, Nelly (sister), 36

  Madison, Robert (nephew), 439, 450

  Madison, Sarah (sister), 36

  Madison, William (brother), 37, 44, 105, 294, 439, 456

  Madison family:

  background of, 11–18, 21

  estate of, 11–12, 14, 16–17, 293–94, 431, 439, 456; see also Montpelier

  library of, 9, 15, 17, 36–38

  and Mount Pleasant, 16–17, 22

  slaves of, 13–14, 15, 19, 36, 94

  Maffitt, Rev. William, 409

  malaria, 390–92

  Malone, Dumas, 72, 325

  Malthus, Thomas, 452

  Marathon, Battle of, 386

  Marbury, William, 311–13

  Marbury v. Madison, 311–13

  Marshall, John, 3, 291, 312, 313, 337, 338–39, 433, 434, 447

  Martin, Alexander, 22, 23

  Martin, Luther, 133, 135–36, 138, 139, 142, 326, 339

  Martin, Thomas, 22, 23, 24

  Martin, William, 269

  Martineau, Harriet, 451–53

  Marty, Martin, 110

  Maryland:

  and Constitutional Convention, 138–39, 141

  Jefferson’s letter to, 170, 179, 234

  militia of, 48

  and ratification, 166–67, 169, 170, 171, 179

  War of 1812 in, 401, 403, 406–8, 417

  Mason, George, 75, 103, 238–39

  and Constitutional Convention, 126, 130, 131, 132, 133, 143, 150, 151, 155

  and ratification, 169–70, 171, 172, 175

  and Virginia Convention, 58–59, 61, 72

  Mason, John, 370

  Mason, Stevens Thomson, 255, 286

 

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