Ancient Iraq
Page 56
Dilblat, 408
Dilmun, 15, 89, 104 – 5, 140, 182, 274, 314, see also Bahrain
Diyala river and valley, 11, 14, 30, 36, 76, 79, 125, 151, 169, 186, 299
Dorians, 264, 266, 270
Drehem, 234, see also Sellush-Dagan
Dudu, 138
Dumuzi*, 69, 91– 2, 106, 108, 116, see also Tammuz
Dûr-Iakîn (Tell Lahm), 314
Dûr-Kurigalzu, 249, 250
Dûr-Sharrukîn, 315 – 17
Dura-Europus, 415, 419, 420
E-Anna, 68, 69, 71, 73, 248, 401, 402, 409, 416
E-engur, 144
E-ninnu, 166
Ea*, 89, 96 – 8, 106 – 7, 109 – 11, 113, 115, 313, 359, 396, see also Enki
Ea-gâmil, 248
Ea-nâsir, 223 – 4
Eannatum, 141 – 2, 143, 350
Ebla, 78, 124 – 5, 142 – 3, 150, 153 – 4, 156, 157, 192, 237
Ebrium, 142
Ecbatana, 374, see also Hamadan
Edessa, 415, 420
Edom, 268, 302, 309, 312, 385
Egypt archaeology, 247, 257
culture, 3, 6 – 7, 78, 137, 164, 228, 237 – 8, 252, 259, 271, 273, 346, 353, 371, 411, 414 – 15
history (to 8th C. B.C.), 225, 235, 238 – 40, 245, 253 – 61, 263, 265, 266, 282, 287, 309 – 14, passim
(from 8th C. B.C.), 318, 320, 327 – 9, 330, 332, 375, 377, 378 – 9, 385, 403, 412, 427
ruling system, 139, 267, 269
E.hul.hul, 382, 384
Ekallâtum, 189, 190, 191, 193, 198, 279
Ekron, 320
Ekur, 341
E1*, 275
Elam culture, 77, 167, 186, 232, 347
geography, 15, 156
history (to 12th C. B.C.), 140, 141, 153, 155, 157 – 8, 159, 160, 169, 177, 179, 184 – 5, 198 – 9, 243, 260, 263 – 5
history (from 12th C. B.C.), 277 – 8, 282, 287, 310 – 11, 314, 318, 321 – 2, 326, 332 – 3, 334 – 5, 374, 375, 403
Emar (Meskene), 14, 32
Emutbal, 24, 197
En-nigaldi-Nanna, 383
En-shakush-anna, 143
Enakalli, 141
Enheduanna, 153
Eninkimar, 152
Enki*, 88, 89, 92, 93, 104, 359, see also Ea
Enkidu, 117 – 19
Enlil* legend, 94, 95, 108, 111, 115, 196, 397
worship, 88 – 9, 99, 104, 139, 159, 181, 202, 249, 398
Enlil-bâni, 183
Enlil-nadin-ahnê, 265
Enlil-nirâri, 262
Enmerkar, 104, 116
Enna-Dagan, 142
Enshag* (Inzak), 104, 105
Entemena, 137 – 8, 143
Erbil, 20, 194, see also Urbêl, Arba‘il
Erech, 68, see also Uruk
Ereshkigal*, 87, 92, 101
Eriba-Marduk, 303
Eridu archaeology, 30, 59 – 61, 68, 134, 163
culture, 54, 57, 64, 65, 70, 83, 106, 108
geography, 4, 131
Erishum I, 188
Erridu-Pizir, 161
Esagila, 98, 298
Esarhaddon, 318, 324 – 9, 343
Esharhamat, 340
Eashnunna, 126, 176 – 7, 179, 185 – 7, 190, 193, 197, 198 – 200, 243, see also Asmar, Tell
Eski Mosul, 31
Etana, 114 – 15, 196, 357
Ethiopia, 269, 328
Euphrates river geography, 2, 4 – 8, 10, 11 – 12, 16, 31, 36, 67, 390 – 91, 393, 412, 423
trade and settlement, 13, 64, 65, 66, 83, 130, 152, 154, 182, 189, 190,272,280, 318, 425 – 6
Ezekiah, 320
Failakka Island, 15, see also Kuwait
Fallujah, 14, 197
Fara, Tell, 124, 143, see also Shuruppak
Farama, Tell, see Pelusium
Fars mountains, 383
Fertile Crescent, 148, 150, 234, 267, 273, 318
Gambulû, 281, 327, 333
Ganges river, 412
Ganj Dareh, 46
Gareus*, 420
Gasgas, 245
Gasur, 234 – 5, see also Nuzi
Gatamdug*, 166
Gaugamela, 412
Gawra, Tepe, 30, 55, 56, 64, 79, 235
Gaza, 309, 312, 379
Geshtin-anna*, 92
Geshur, 275
Gilgamesh, 100, 109, 112, 113, 116 – 21, 123, 137, 156, 196, 252, 356, 421, 427
Gimil-Ningishzida, 223
Gimirrai, see Cimmerians
Gindibu, 297
Girsu, 122, 124, 127, 128, 131,132, 134, 165–8, 172, 173, 419
Giyan, Tepe, 309
Gobryas 406
Grai Resh, 79
Greeks culture, 23, 230, 276, 358, 359, 366, 371, 414 – 18, 419 – 20, 426 – 7
history, 225, 226 – 9, 265, 266, 270, 336, 385, 403, 423
Gubaru (Gobryas), 386 – 7
Gudea, 81, 165, 166 – 8, 338
Gula*, 99
Gulgamesh, 100
Gungunum, 183
Guran, Tepe, 46
Guraya, 347
Gurgum, 272, 304, 314
Guti, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162, 166, 169, 170, 193, 199, 247, 262, 263, 421
Guzana, 14, 24, 275, 302, see also Halaf, Tell
Gyges, 331, 332, 335
Hanigalbat, 235
Habiru, 239 – 40
Habuba Kabira, 70, 76
Hacilar, 46, 230
Hadad*, 275, see also Adad
Hadâtu, 309, see also Arslan Tash
Haditha (Qadissiyah), 31
Hadramaut, 148
Hajji Muhammad, 54, 57, 60, 61, 83
Halabja, 14
Halaf, Tell, 14, 48, 55 – 9, 230, 275, 276, see also Guzana
Haldia*, 314
Halê, 188
Hallulê, 322
Hallushu (Halutash), 322
Halpa, 245
Haltemash, 335
Halys river, 380
Hama, 272, 275, 297, 303, 312, 353
Hamadan (Ecbatana), 14, 374
Hamazi, 141
Hammurabi, 23 – 4, 26, 79, 179, 185, 194, 195 – 202, 212, 219, 224, 241 – 2 Code of Law, 162, 186, 195, 196, 202 – 6, 265, 366, 367, 408
Hamrîn, Jabal, 63, 187
Hana ('Anah), 274
Hanaeans, 188 – 9, 190, 244
Hanigalbat, 263
Hanuna, 312
Haradum, 32
Haraiva, 266
Harappa, 160, 229
Harbe*, 247
Hariri, Tell, 125, see also Mari
Harmal, Tell, 31, 186, 209, 358
Harran, 14, 345, 356, 376, 377, 381, 382, 384, 386
Hassuna, Tell, 30, 45, 48, 49 – 50, 53, 57, 59, 83, 230
Hathor*, 354
Hatra, Tell, 31, 419, 420
Hatti, 245, 261, 272, 378, 385
Hattina, 275, see also Antioch
Hattusas, 245, 271, see also Boghazköy
Hattusilis I, 245
Hattusils III, 261 – 2, 368
Hauran, 275
Hazael, 297, 309
Hazail, 327 – 8
Hazar Merd, 37
Hazâzu, 24
Hebrews, 147, 162, 239 – 40, 273 – 4, 276, see also Israel; Jews
Heliopolis, 139
Hepa*, 234, 235
Heracles, 427
Hermes*, 420
Hermon, Mt, 275, 297
Hipparchus, 366
Hiritum, 198
Hissar, Tepe, 78
Hît (Tutul), 153, 283
Hittites culture, 226, 232 – 3, 252, 267, 271 – 2, 273, 276, 351, 359
history, 79, 81, 225, 230 – 32, 235, 241, 245 – 6, 253, 254, 256, 258, 261, 263, 266, 274
Neo-Hittites, 267, 271 – 3, 276, 290, 296 – 7, 302, 304, 308, 314
Horns, 14
Horus*, 354
Hoshea, 310
Hulteludish (Hutelutush-Inshushiak), 278, 282
Humba-haldash, 326, 327
Humban-nimena, see also Umman-menanu
Humbanigash, 311, 333
&nbs
p; Hungary, 227
Hurpatila, 260
Hurrians culture, 160, 185, 187, 234 – 7, 239, 249, 252, 276, 304, 423
history, 156, 157, 161, 169, 225, 229, 233 – 5, 241, 245, 253, 254 – 6, 263, 274
Huwawa (Humbaba), 118
Hyksôs, 240, 254, 255
Hymeros, 421
Iaggid-Lim, 189
Iahdun-Lim, 189, 190, 192, 198, 219
Iakinlu, 331
Iamani, 312
Iamhad, 190, 193, 198, 238, 245, see also Aleppo
Iaminites, 188 – 9, 193, 198
Iaqqim-Addu, 219 – 20
Iarim-Lim, 238
Iarmuti, 153
Iasmah-Adad, 190, 191, 192, 193 – 4, 198, 219
Iatnana, 314 – 15, see also Cyprus
Iaua mâr Humri, 298
Ibal-pî-El II, 197, 198 – 9
Ibbi-Sin, 176, 177, 185
Ibiq-Adad, 190
Ibla, see Ebla
Iblul-Il, 142, 143
Idamaras, 189, 192, 198
Iddin-Dagan, 91 – 2, 182
Idrimi, 256
Igmil-Sin, 223
Ikun-Shamash, 142
Ilâ-kabkâbu, 189, 190
Ili-ittia, 24
Illyrians, 266
Ilshu, 142
Ilu-bi'di, 312
Iluma-ilu, 243, 244
Ilushuma, 188
Imgur-Enlil, 295, see also Balawat
Inanna*, 68, 69, 77, 91 – 3, 153, 243, see also Ishtar
Indar* (Indra), 235
India, 64, 160, 225, 229 – 30, 385, 410, 415, 428
Indo-Aryans, 81, 229, 235, 241, 247
Indo-Europeans, 225, 226 – 30, 232, 233, 235, 247, 265, 266, 271, 383
Indus river and valley, 13, 15, 160, 229 – 30, see also Meluhha
Inimagabesh, 158
Inshushinak*, 169
Inzak*, see Enshag
Ionians, 266, 320, 332, 385, 403
Ipiq-Adad II, 186
Ipsus, 413
Iran archaeology, 29, 39, 41, 46, 48, 83, 157, 309
culture, 9, 78, 266, 353, 418, 420
geography, 2, 11, 13, 14, 16, 34, 415
history, 155, 169, 175, 225, 229, 282, 302, 303, 304, 319, 374, 384, 418
Irhuleni, 297
Irra-imitti, 183
Isaiah, 320
Ischâli, 211
Isfahan, 266, 383
Ishbi-Irra, 177, 182
Ishkun Shamagan, 142
Ishme-Dagan (Isin), 182, 188
Ishme-Dagan (Mari), 190, 191 – 2, 193, 198, 219
Ishtar*, see also Inanna legend, 111, 115, 119, 257, 278, 301, 365
worship, 68, 90, 152, 188, 211, 213, 214, 215, 216, 275, 309, 393, 417, 420
Ishtumegu, 385
Isin, 25, 31, 91, 92, 131, 177, 179, 181 – 5, 197, 208, 222, 277
Isma-Adad, 219
Israel, 267, 268 – 9, 275, 291, 295, 298, 302, 303, 310, 336, 375, see also Hebrews; Jews
Itu‘, 307
Itusi', 347
Jacob, 274
Jarlagab, 158
Jarmo, 33, 44 – 5, 46, 57, 230
Jauf, al-, see Adumatu
Jazirah archaeology and culture, 54, 58, 59, 235
geography, 10, 14, 157, 262, 385, 415
history, 155, 156, 189, 190, 198, 253, 262 – 3, 274, 283
Jebail, see Byblos
Jehoiakim, 379
Jehu, 295, 298
Jemdat Nasr, 22, 30, 48, 57, 68 – 9,76 – 80, 83, 86, 116, 126, 129, 350, 423
Jerablus, 5, 14, see also Karkemish
Jeremiah, 379, 390
Jericho, 46, 50, 230
Jerusalem, 93, 269, 320, 379
Jesus, 276
Jews, 320, 335, 378, 379, 411, 420, see also Hebrews; Israel
Jokha, Tell, 140, see also Umma
Jordan river, 267, 268
Joseph, 268
Joshua, 268
Josiah, 375, 377
Judah, 269, 309, 312, 314, 320, 333, 375, 377, 379 – 80
Judi Dagh, 324
Kadashman-Enlil I, 257
KA.DINGIR. RA, 184, see also Babylon
Kaiwanian, 39
Kakzu, 419
Kaldû, 281, 302, see also Chaldeans
Kalhu, 291 – 2, 295, 303, 315, 337, see also Nimrud
Kandalanu, 334, 373
Kanesh-Kûltepe, 232
Kapara, 276
Kaprabi, 289
Kar-Ashurnasirpal, 290
Kâr-Shulmanashared, 297
Kara Tepe (Azitawandas), 271, 272
Kara-Indash, 248
Karim-Shehir, 33, 41
Karkara, 297, see also Qarqar
Karkemish archaeology, 272
geography, 5, 14, 272
history, 193, 238, 245, 256, 260, 263, 275, 314, 377, 378
Karmir-Blur, 304
Karun river, 15
Kashiari mountains, 283, 289, see also Tûr-‘Abdin
Kashshu*, 247
Kashtiliash I, 244
Kashtiliash IV, 263 – 4
Kassites, 23, 79, 85, 159, 225, 229, 240 – 42, 244, 246 – 59, 262 – 5, 351, 359, 423, 427
Kerkemish, 50
Kerkha river, 15, 333
Kermanshah, 14
khabur river and area, 10, 55, 79, 125, 128, 157, 189, 198, 235, 236, 276, 280
Khafaje, 76, 79, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, see also Tutub
Khanaqin, 14
Khorsabad, 187, 315 – 17, 348, 352 – 3
Khshathrita, 327
Khueira, Tell, 125, 127
Kidunnu (Cidenas), 365 – 6, 412, 418
Kikkia, 187
Kilu-Hepa, 256
Kimash mountain, 167
Kingu*, 97 – 8, 105
Kirkuk, 20, 186
Kish archaeology and culture, 30, 134, 400, 419, 421
geography, 111, 112, 131
history, 114, 115, 123, 139, 140 – 41, 143, 152 – 8, 186, 321, 410, 416
Kishar*, 96
Kizil-Irmak river, 245, 380
Kizilkaya, 230
Korain, 39
Korupedion, 413
Kül Tepe, 51
Kudur-Mabuk, 184
Kullaba, 68
Kültepe, 231, 233
Kummanu, 272
Kummuhu, 272, 304, 314, see also Commagene
Kunalua, 272