Lorca
Page 84
Renovación
, December 22, 1935, 7; “Banquete de homenaje a García Lorca,”
El Día Gráfico
(Barcelona), December 25, 1935, 17;
La Vanguardia
(Barcelona), December 25, 1935, 11;
FM
, 286.
“how I feel … it’s fine as it is”:
Luis Góngora, “Apostillas a una cena de artistas,”
La Noche
(Barcelona), December 24, 1935, in OC, III, 623.
26. The Dream of Life: 1936
Fuente Vaqueros sends greetings to FGL:
FGL,
Alocución al pueblo de Fuentevaqueros
, 13, 78.
“gushing”:
Pedro Salinas / Jorge Guillén, 168.
Xirgu leaves for South America:
“Adiós a Barcelona de Margarita Xirgu,”
La Vanguardia
(Barcelona), January 4, 1936, 17; Rodrigo,
García Lorca: El amigo
, 333. On FGL’s plans to accompany Xirgu, see “Conversaciones,”
La Voz
(Madrid), January 25, 1936, in OC, III, 632–33; Luis Góngora, “Apostillas a una cena de artistas,”
La Noche
(Barcelona), December 24, 1935, in OC, III, 624; and Agustí, 90, 94.
FGL inscribes
First Songs
for Rapún:
Tomás Rodríguez Rapún Archive.
“I’m so lazy”:
Otero Seco.
“take all his papers”:
Suero, “Los últimos días.”
FGL projects, early 1936:
Mario Hernández, introduction to FGL,
Primeras canciones
, 13; Armand Guibert and Louis Parrot, eds.,
Federico García Lorca
(Paris: Seghers, 1964), 6; Maurer, “De la correspondencia,” 80–85; Martínez Nadal,
The Public
, 13; Mario Hernández, Notes to FGL,
Bodas de sangre
, 222; Mario Hernández, introduction to FGL,
Yerma
, 12–16, citing “Apuntes,”
Eco, Revista de España II
, 8 (May-June 1934); Otero Seco.
“I don’t believe”:
Jou.
“will be so heavy”:
Otero Seco.
“feverish” and “ultramodern”:
“Sección de rumores,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, February 12, 1936, 9.
FGL titles play
The Dream of Life:
“Sección de rumores,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, May 29, 1936, 9. Prior to Ian Gibson’s publication of this interview in 1986,
The Dream of Life
was commonly known as “Play without a Title,” a title by which some critics still refer to the work.
“comedy,” “drama,”
and
“political tragedy”:
Marie Laffranque, introduction and notes, in FGL,
Teatro inconcluso
, 87. See also “García Lorca en la Plaza de Cataluña,”
El Día Gráfico
(Barcelona), September 17, 1935, in OC, III, 584; and Otero Seco.
FGL writes
The Dream of Life:
“Sección de rumores,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, February 12, 1936, 9; Marie Laffranque, introduction to FGL,
El público y Comedia sin título
, 284; Marie Laffranque, introduction and notes, in FGL,
Teatro inconcluso
, 93–94; Suero, “Los últimos días”; César Tiempo, “Homenaje a García Lorca,”
Argentores
xxxi (Buenos Aires, July-December 1966), 20.
The Dream of Life:
All quotations from the play are taken from OC, II, 769–86.
Dragon:
OC, II, 762–64.
“completely subversive act”:
Luengo. On FGL’s admiration for Erwin Piscator, see “Federico García Lorca parla per als obrers catalans,”
L’Hora
(Palma de Mallorca), September 27, 1935, 4, in OC, III, 599–600.
“my constant anguish”:
Luengo.
Xirgu hears script:
Rodrigo,
García Lorca
, 291–92; León.
Political developments in Spain, early 1936:
Thomas, 128–29; Jackson, 176–77; South-worth, 8–9;
ABC
(Madrid), January 14, 1936; Preston, 109–14.
FGL’s support of communist causes:
Molina Fajardo, 358–59; Morla Lynch, 293; Jou; “Federico García Lorca parla per als obrers catalans,”
L’Hora
(Palma de Mallorca), September 27, 1935, in OC, III, 597–98;
Nuestro Cinema
IV, 17, 2nd series (August 1935), cited in Rafael Utrera,
García Lorca y el cinema
. “Lienzo de plata para un viaje a la Luna,” prologue by Miguel García-Posada (Sevilla: EdiSur, 1982), 40. On his desire to know Russia personally, see EC, 821.
Alberti homage:
“En honor de dos poetas,”
El Sol
(Madrid), February 8, 1936, 2;
La Libertad
(Madrid), February 8, 1936, 9;
El Socialista
(Madrid), February 9 and 11, 1936;
Mundo Obrero
, February 11, 1936, 5;
FM
, 403–4; Robert Marrast,
Rafael Alberti en México
(1936) (Santander: La Isla de los Ratones, 1984). For photo of FGL and others see FGL,
Antología comentada
(I, Poesía), ed. Eutimio Martin (Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre, 1988).
Valle-Inclán homage:
La Libertad
(Madrid),
February 15, 1936, 4;
El Sol
(Madrid), February 15, 1936, 8; Agustí, 94;
El Socialista
(Madrid), February 14, 1936, 5;
Mundo Obrero
, February 15, 1936, 5; “Ha muerto Valle-Inclán,”
El Sol
(Madrid), January 7, 1936, 1, 6.
“If we don’t win”:
Suero, “Los últimos días.”
February
1936 elections: Thomas, 129–37; Preston, 114–24; Jackson, 186–97; South-worth, “The Falange,” 9–10; ABC (Madrid), February 18, 1936; Pablo Suero, “Los jovenes poetas están con la España nueva,” in Eutimio Martín, “Un testimonio olvidado sobre García Lorca en el libro España levanta el puño, de Pablo Suero,”
Trece de Nieve
2nd series, 3 (Madrid, May 1977), 80–82.
“more poisoned”:
Pedro Salinas
i
Jorge Guillén, 171.
FGL signs manifestos and contributes to liberal causes:
Mundo Obrero
, February 15, 1936, 3, and March 31, 1936, 6;
El Sol
(Madrid), February 23, 1936; Juan Cano Ballesta, “Peripecias de una amistad: Lorca y Miguel Hernández,”
Cuadernos hispanoamericanos
433–36 (July-August 1986), 220; “En Madrid hay un club infántil,”
Ahora
(Madrid), February 16, 1936;
El Socialista
(Madrid), March 29, 1936, 4; Gibson,
El asesinato
, 352–55; FM, 403; Hortensia Campanella, “Profeta en toda tierra. Federico García Lorca, en Uruguay,”
Insula
384 (November 1978), 10.
“As an observer of life”:
“Federico García Lorca parla per als obrers catalans,”
L’Hora
(Palma de Mallorca), September 27, 1935, 4, in OC, III, 600.
“the
social
trap” and “scorc
hingly communist drama”:
Pedro Salinas / Jorge Guillén, 171.
“an anarchist-communist-libertarian”:
Martínez Nadal,
El público
, 276.
“Look, I greet some people”:
Peñón, 188.
FGL receives court citation:
Otero Seco; Manuel Iglesias Corral, “Recuerdos históricos,”
La Voz de Galicia
(La Coruña), August 24, 1983, 3, cited in G,
II
, 411–12;
FM
, xxv; author interview with Santiago Ontañón.
FGL travels to San Sebastián:
“En el Ateneo. El poeta García Lorca y su Romancero Gitano,”
El Pueblo Vasco
(San Sebastián), March 8, 1936, 2; FGL, [Conferencia-recital del Romancero gitano], in OC, III, 184.
Cernuda tribute:
“Homenaje a Luis Cernuda. García Lorca leyó un bello trabajo sobre el poeta y su obra,”
El Sol
(Madrid), April 21, 1936; Gil-Albert, 192, 201; Paloma Ulacía Altolaguirre,
Concha Méndez. Memorias habladas, memorias armadas
, introduction by María Zambrano (Madrid: Mondadori España, 1990), 97–98; Altolaguirre,
Obras completas
I,
Caballo griego
, 86–87, and
Estudios literarios
, 235; Antonio Aparicio, “Federico García Lorca y su época,” 58.
“Envy and petty grievances”:
Jou.
“as if in a dream”:
Paloma Ulacía Altolaguirre,
Concha Méndez. Memorias habladas, memorias armadas
, introduction by María Zambrano (Madrid: Mondadori España, 1990), 97–98.
Escalating violence:
Thomas, 138–45, 153; Preston, 128–31; Jackson, 197–98; Payne, 100; Southworth, 10;
Heraldo de Madrid
, April 7 and 14, 1936; May 2 and 9, 1936;
El Socialista
(Madrid), May 9, 1936;
La Libertad
(Madrid), May 10, 1936.
FGL’s social life, spring
1936: Morla Lynch, 479–81; Felipe Morales, “Conversaciones literarias. Al habla con Federico García Lorca,”
La Voz
(Madrid), April 7, 1936, in OC, III, 631–33.
“richer than ever”:
Torre, “Federico García Lorca,” 69.
FGL projects and publications, spring
1936: Mario Hernández, introduction to FGL,
Yerma
, 14–15, citing
Cruz y Raya
23–24 (Madrid, February-March 1935);
Heraldo de Aragón
(Zaragoza), January 21, 1936, 2; Morla Lynch, 90–92; “Universidad Internacional. Matilde Pomés habla de la mujer española, del arte de traducir, de los novelistas y de los poetas españoles,”
El Sol
(Madrid), July 19, 1936, 4;
La Barraca y su entorno teatral
(Madrid: Gráficas Oviedo, 1975), 43.
“religious and socio-economic” and “I see it clearly aren’t I?”:
Felipe Morales, “Conversaciones literarias. Al habla con Federico García Lorca,”
La Voz
(Madrid), April 7, 1936, in OC, III, 631–32.
FGL takes part in May Day celebrations:
Carlos G. Santa Cecilia, “La insoportable levedad de Federico,”
El País
(Madrid), August 19, 1986, xi;
¡Ayuda!
(Madrid), May 1, 1936, 5.
“I’ve come here as a friend”:
Torre, “Federico García Lorca,” 69; Guillermo de Torre, “Presencia de Federico García Lorca,” in
La aventura estética de nuestra edad
(Barcelona: Seix Barral, 1962), 266.
FGL relinquishes La Barraca:
EC
, 820; Byrd, 86; Auclair, 261;
G, II
, 431; “Una declaración de Federico García Lorca relativa a La Barraca,”
La Noche
(Barcelona), April 9, 1936,15; Valentín de Pedro, “El guiñol que a Federico le regalaron en Buenos Aires,’ relato de María del Carmen García Lasgoity,”
¡AquíEstá!
X, 940, May 21, 1945, 5–21.
Club Anfistora rehearses
Once Five Years Pass:
Auclair, 320–21; Penón, 183; Margarita Ucelay, “Federico García Lorca y el Club Teatral Anfistora: el dramaturgo como director de escena,” in Soria Olmedo, 56–59; J. G., “Margarita Ucelay: Recuerdos de la profesora y de la actriz,”
El Público
68 (Madrid, May 1989), 8–9; Ana Mariscal,
Cincuenta años de teatro en Madrid
(Madrid: Avapiés, 1984), 33–34; author interview with Margarita Ucelay.
FGL’s “impossible theater”:
Auclair, 321; J. G., “Margarita Ucelay: Recuerdos de la profesora
y de la actriz,”
El Público
68 (Madrid, May 1989), 8; “Conversaciones literarias. Al habla con Federico García Lorca,”
La Voz
(Madrid), April 7, 1936, in OC, III, 631; “Llegó anoche Federico García Lorca,”
La Nación
(Buenos Aires), October 14, 1933, in OC, III, 444.
FGL writes
Bernarda Alba:
“Sección de rumores,”
Heraldo de Madrid
, May 29. 1936, 9; Salazar,
“La casa de Bernarda Alba”
30; Morla Lynch, 483–88;
FM
, 372; José Bergamín, “‘La luz de esta memoria’ (Cuando han pasado cuarenta años),”
Sábado Gráfico
(Madrid), March 17, 1976, 20–21; author interview with José Caballero.
Factual basis for
Bernarda Alba:
Morla Lynch, 488–89;
FM
, 376–78; C. B. Morris,
García Lorca. La casa de Bernarda Alba
, Critical Guides to Spanish Texts, 50 (London: Grant and Cutler, 1990), 15; Morris,
Son of Andalusia
, 133–44; Antonio Ramos Espejo, “En Valderrubio, Granada.
La casa de Bernarda Alba,” Triunfo
XXXIV, 6th series, 4 (Madrid, February 1981), 58–63; Antonina Rodrigo, “La auténtica ‘Doña Rosita la soltera,’”
El País Semanal
(Madrid), August 17, 1980, 5; author visit to the cemetery of Valderrubio (formerly Asquerosa), Granada province. Although town records list Frasquita Alba as “Francisca,” her contemporaries have always referred to her as “Frasquita,” a name I have chosen to retain in the text. I am grateful to José Pérez Rodríguez and Francisco Padilla Martín for having enabled me to consult FGL’s confirmation records (Church Archive, Valderrubio, Confirmations [August 15, 1907]) and Frasquita Alba’s death certificate (Church Archive, Vaslderrubio, Burials, no. 25 [July 23, 1924]).
“The only topics that interest me”:
Antonio Aparicio, “Federico García Lorca y su época,”
Atenea
XCIII, 286 (1949), 59.
The House of Bernarda Alba:
All quotations from the play are taken from OC, II, 581–634. For commentary on the play see C. B. Morris,
García Lorca. La casa de Bernarda Alba
, Critical Guides to Spanish Texts, 50 (London: Grant and Cutler, 1990); Hernández, introduction to FGL,
La casa de Bernarda Alba;
Fernández Cifuentes,
García Lorca en el teatro;
Francisco García Lorca, introduction to FGL,
Three Tragedies;
Altolaguirre,
Obras completas
I,
Estudios literarios
, 210;
FM
, 376, 435–36; Umbral, 182–83; Arturo Barea,
Lo
rca: The Poet and His People
, trans. Use Barea (New York: Grove Press, 1949). FGL’s ideas for the set design come in part from an author interview with José Caballero.
“It’s because women are more passionate”:
García-Posada, “García Lorca en Uruguay,” 86.
“too daring”:
Jean Gebser,
Lorca, poète-dessinateur
(Paris: GLM, 1949), 16, quoted in Hernández, notes to FGL,
La casa de Bernarda Alba
, 168.
“cannot be a Spanish wife”:
La Alhambra
(Granada), June 15 and 30, 1919, 358.
FGL’s trilogies:
On FGL’s “trilogy of the Spanish land,” see Hernández, introduction to FGL,
La casa de Bernarda Alba
, 29. On his proposed Biblical trilogy, see Marie Laffranque, introduction and notes, in FGL,
Teatro inconcluso
, 13, 51–60; Hernández, introduction to FGL,
La casa de Bernarda Alba
, 33–34; Salazar,
“La casa de Bernarda Alba,”
30; Martínez Nadal,
El público
, 259–62.
Political situation, June
1936: Thomas, 24–30, 141–59; Jackson, 218–29; Payne, 103–6; Preston, 131–32.
“My laughter today”:
Angel Lázaro, “Galería. Federico García Lorca,”
La Voz
(Madrid), February 18, 1935, in OC, III, 558.
FGL’s fear of old age:
FGL, “Los ojos de los viejos” (March 20, 1918), in OC, IV, 311–12; Auclair, 206; Luna, “La vida”; “Encuentro con Federico García Lorca,”
El Ideal
(Montevideo), February 1, 1934; Isabel Cuchí Coll,
Del Madrid literarioMadrid
1933–1934 (San Juan: Imprenta Venezuela, 1935), 80.
FGL interview with Luis Bagaría:
” Bagaría, “Diálogos.” On FGL’s request that an exchange be deleted from the interview, see EC, 823–824.
“I don’t want that”:
Edgar Neville, “La obra de Federico, bien nacional,”
ABC
(Madrid), November 6, 1966.
“abusive”:
G, II
, 447–48.
“Those of us who have mothers like you and I”:
Author interview with José Antonio Rubio Sacristán.
FGL continues to contemplate trip to Mexico:
FM
, xxvi; Felipe Morales, “Conversaciones literarias. Al habla con Federico García Lorca,”
La Voz
(Madrid), April 7, 1936, in OC, III, 632–33; 1939–1982 (Mexico City: Salvat y Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1982), 636–37; La Argentinita to FGL (May 2, [1936]), cited in Maurer, “De la correspondencia,” 85; Auclair, 317; Penón, 117; Morla Lynch, 489; Pablo Suero,
Figuras contemporáneas
(Buenos Aires: Sociedad Impersona Americana, 1943), 54–55; Ian Gibson, “Poeta en Nueva York, Poeta en La Habana,”