Anonymous Soldiers

by Bruce Hoffman

  42. WM 92 (143), July 2, 1943, NA, CAB 65/39.

  43. Barnes and Nicholson (1988), 897.

  44. Michael J. Cohen (1978), 167–73; P(M) (44) 6, Jan. 22, 1944, NA, CAB 95/14; WM 18 (44), Jan. 25, 1944, NA, CAB 65/45; Churchill to Attlee and Eden, note, Jan. 12, 1944; Makovsky (2007), 208–9; Ignatieff (1998), 119.

  45. OSS Report 100219, Oct. 15, 1944, RG 226, NARA; PICME Monthly Intelligence Summary 16, Oct. 31, 1944, NA, WO 169/15703.

  46. PICME Intelligence Summary 16, Nov. 5, 1944, NA, WO 169/15851; Rymer-Jones to Shaw, letter, Nov. 3, 1944, 47/20, HA.

  47. PICME Intelligence Summary 17, Nov. 14, 1944, NA, WO 169/5703; Rymer-Jones to Shaw, letter, Nov. 3, 1944; Michael J. Cohen (1988), 167.

  48. OSS Report 100219, Oct. 15, 1944, RG 226, NARA; Rymer-Jones to Shaw, letter, Nov. 3, 1944; OSS R&A Report 86, Nov. 13, 1944, RG 226, NARA; PICME Intelligence Summary 17; OSS Report L48831, Nov. 8, 1944, RG 226, NARA; Michael J. Cohen (1988), 167–68; DSO Intelligence Summary 36, Oct. 1–31, 1944, NA, WO 169/15851; Oct. 26, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 2, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Esco (1947), 2:1046.

  49. OSS Report 100219; Bauer (1973), 324–25; Borisov (1947), 34; Michael J. Cohen (1988), 159; Niv (1975), 4:97–99; DSO Intelligence Summary 86, Aug. 27, 1944, NA, WO 169/15851; PICME Intelligence Summary 12, Sept. 5, 1944; DSO Intelligence Summary 36, Oct. 1–31, 1944; Rymer-Jones to Shaw, letter, Nov. 3, 1944; Nov. 6, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 223, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA.

  50. Heller (1995a), 135–36; Bauer (1973), 323–24.

  51. Gilbert (1986), 742–44; June 20, 1944, RG 226, box 31, folder 213, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; July 21, 1944, RG 226, box 31, folder 120, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Aug. 10, 1944, RG 226, box 31, folder 214, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; An Estimate of the Possibility That the Jews in Palestine May Use Force in 1944 to Achieve Their Political Aims, PIC/86, July 19, 1944, NA, WO 208/1705; Colville (1972), 258; Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Oct. 27, 1944, 201.

  52. Colville (1972), 260–61; Dec. 11, 1945, RG 226, box 31, folder 4, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Colville (1972), 260–61; Sykes (1965), 308; Pearlman and Ben-Gurion (1965), 74–75; Vera Weizmann (1967), 195.

  53. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 4, 1944, NA, CO 733/457/75156/151 F pt. 1; Oct. 26, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 2, NARA; memorandum, Nov. 2, 1944, Blenkinsop Papers.

  54. DSO Intelligence Summary 56, June 9, 1943, NA, WO 169/9029; PICME Intelligence Summary 3, June 15, 1943, NA, WO 169/8310; PICME Intelligence Summary 16, apps. A and B, Oct. 31, 1944; Shaw to Stanley, telegram, Oct. 27, 1944, NA, FO 921/147; Pinkerton to Gordon Merriam (chief, Division of Near Eastern Affairs, U.S. Department of State), letter, Oct. 20, 1944, RG 59 867N.00/668, NARA; Oct. 24, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 2, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; “To the British Soldier in Palestine!” (n.d.), Fraser Papers.

  55. Debates, House of Lords, vol. 123, cols. 191–93, June 9, 1942; Saidel (2012); Bar-Zohar (1968), 71; Kurzman (1983), 233–34; Michael J. Cohen (1978), 111–12; Geula Cohen (1966), 60–61; Esco (1947), 2:1030–32; Heller (1995a), 106, 123; Wasserstein (1979), 153–55; Wasserstein (1982), 77–80; DSO Intelligence Summary 91, app. A, Nov. 5, 1944, NA, WO 169/15851.

  56. Sir Edward Bridges, note, Nov. 3, 1944, NA, PREM 4/52/1; Martin to Gater, letter, Nov. 4, 1944, NA, PREM 4/52/3.

  57. Martin to Gater, letter, Nov. 4, 1944; The Whole of Western Palestine (short minutes of meeting held on Nov. 4, 1944), WA; Gilbert (2007), 222–25; Gilbert (1986), 1048–50; Makovsky (2007), 213–16; Chaim Weizmann (1949), 2:436–37.

  58. Weizmann to Rabbi Silver, letter, Nov. 7, 1944, WA; Whole of Western Palestine.

  CHAPTER 9: THE DEED

  1. Frank (1963), 172, 176–78, 194; Bell (1977), 74, 93.

  2. Bell (1977), 93; Frank (1963), 172–74, 180; Shamir (1994), 52–53.

  3. Frank (1963), 168–69, 178, 180, 184–85, 192, 194; Bell (1977), 93; Shamir (1994), 53; Frank (1945), 64.

  4. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I3, signed Yuzbashi Miralali, April 24, 1945, O’Sullivan Papers; O’Sullivan, Murder of Lord Moyne, July 22, 1945, O’Sullivan Papers; SIME Summary 229, May 9, 1945, app. A, NA, KV 5/29; April 24, 1945, RG 226, box 31, folder 215, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Frank (1963), 185–89, 194.

  5. Shamir (1994), 51–52; Shamir (1995), 333; Frank (1963), 189; Heller (1995a), 137; SIME Intelligence Summary 229, May 9, 1945, app. A; Gerold Frank, “The Most Hunted Man in Palestine,” Liberty: The Magazine of a Free People, Oct. 12, 1946, in NA, FO 371/52563 Oct. 30, 1946.

  6. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. 2, p. 1 [sic], 2–4, April 22, 1945; Confession of Sadovsky, I4, 3, April 26, 1945; Frank (1963), 196–202.

  7. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I3, 2, April 24, 1945; Fowler, North, and Stronge (2011), 54; “Nagant Model of 1895 (Belgium-Russia)”; Confession of Sadovsky, pt. 2, p. 1 [sic], 3, April 22, 1945.

  8. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. 2, p. 1 [sic], 3, April 22, 1945, pt. I5, 2, April 27, 1945, pt. I3, 2, April 24, 1945, pt. I4, 3, April 26, 1945; Fowler, North, and Stronge (2011), 54; “Nagant Model of 1895 (Belgium-Russia)”; Laboratory, Police HQ, Jerusalem, to Giles, letter, Nov. 12, 1944, NA, CAB 104/254; Russell Lewa (commandant, Cairo City Police) to His Excellency Mahmoud Ghazali Bey (director, Public Security), letter, Nov. 15, 1944, NA, CAB 104/254; Bell (1977), 99; Edward Horne (1982), 285; Morton (1957), 153.

  9. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. 2, p. 1 [sic], 3, April 22, 1945; O’Sullivan, Murder of Lord Moyne; PICME Fortnightly Summary 13, Sept. 19, 1944, NA, WO 169/15703.

  10. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I4, 1, April 26, 1945; O’Sullivan, Murder of Lord Moyne; Frank (1963), 194; Manning (1988), 132; Bird (2010), 172; Hassan, “Lost Age of the Salon de Thé”; Sutherland (1999), 110.

  11. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I4, 3, April 26, 1945.

  12. Ibid.; O’Sullivan, Murder of Lord Moyne.

  13. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I4, 3, April 26, 1945; SIME Intelligence Summary 229, app. A.

  14. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I4, 3, April 26, 1945.

  15. Frank (1963), 39–44, 51–57, 69–70; Shamir (1994), 22; Bell (1977), 93.

  16. Frank (1963), 209–10, 55–57, 60–61, 91–99, 114–16, 127–28, 137–40, 147, 161, 207–13; Shamir (1994), 52–53; Frank (1945), 64; Marton (1994), 97.

  17. Frank (1963), 213, 220–23; Confession of Sadovsky, pt. II, p. 1 [sic], April 22, 1945; Egyptian Mail (Cairo), Jan. 12, 1945, in OSS Report 0109787, RG 266, NARA; Saidel (2012).

  18. Frank (1963), 213, 222–23; Egyptian Mail, Jan. 12, 1945; Confession of Sadovsky, pt. I5, April 27, 1945.

  19. Frank (1963), 224–225; Bell (1977), 95.

  20. Confession of Sadovsky, pt. II, p. 1 [sic], April 22, 1945.

  21. Ibid., pt. I5, April 27, 1945; SIME Intelligence Summary 229, app. A.

  22. Lewa to Ghazali Bey, letter, Nov. 15, 1944; Confession of Sadovsky, pt. II, p. 1 [sic], April 22, 1945; Bell (1977), 99; Frank (1963), 22; Marton (1994), 96–97.

  23. Frank (1963), 22–23.

  24. Assistant Provost Marshal, report, Cairo, Nov. 1944, NA, FO 921/211; Times, Nov. 7, 1944; Bell (1977), 96–97; Frank (1963), 22–24; Frank (1945), 68; Gurion (1950), 49–50; Marton (1994), 97; Nedava (1965), 8–13.

  25. Egyptian Mail, Jan. 12, 1945; Debates, House of Commons, vol. 404, col. 1269 (Churchill), Nov. 7, 1944; Times, Nov. 7 and 8, 1944; Palestine Post, Nov. 7, 1944; Bell (1977), 97; Frank (1963), 24–25; Frank (1945), 68; Gurion (1950), 50; Marton (1994), 97–98; Nedava (1965), 13–14.

  26. Times, Nov. 8, 1944; Bell (1977), 97–98; Frank (1963), 25.

  27. WM (44) 46, Nov. 6, 1944, NA, CAB 65/44; Palestine Post, Nov. 7 and 10, 1944; Frank (1945), 66; Times, Nov. 8, 1944.

  28. Stanley to Churchill, note, Nov. 6, 1944, NA, PREM 4 51/11; Vera Weizmann (1967), 194–95; Chaim Weizmann (1949), 2:437.

  29. Peter Clarke (2008), 83; Debates, House of Commons, vol. 404, cols. 1269–70, Nov. 7, 1944; Times, Nov. 8, 1944.

  30. Weizmann to Churchill, letter, Nov. 7, 1944, Z 4/14484
, CZA; Rose (1986), 396.

  31. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 4, 1944, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151F pt. 1; CID Report, Nov. 14, 1944, NA, CO 733/457 75156; Lev-Ami (1978), 240.

  32. CID Report, Nov. 14, 1944; A. J. Kellar, Visit to the Middle East, Feb. 4, 1945, NA, KV4/384; OSS R&A Branch 1090.86, Nov. 13, 1944, RG 226, 097.3 Z1 092, NARA; Michael J. Cohen (1988), 168–70; Slutsky (1972), 535; Statement of the Executives of the Jewish Agency and Vaad Le’umi, Nov. 7, 1944, Z 4/14484, CZA.

  33. OSS R&A Branch 1090.85, Nov. 11, 1944, RG 226 097.3 Z1 092, NARA; unnamed captain (Palestine Police Force), Report on Murder of Lord Moyne, Nov. 7, 1944, NA, CAB 104/254; Times, Nov. 8, 1944.

  34. Unnamed captain (Palestine Police Force), Report on Murder of Lord Moyne; Governorate, Cairo, to Giles, telegram, Nov. 8, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001 1546/43/44G; Debates, House of Commons, vol. 404, col. 1539 (Eden), Nov. 9, 1944; Cairo to Foreign Office, telegram, Nov. 8, 1944, NA, FO 921/209; OSS 104558 JICAME Report, Nov. 14, 1944, RG 226, NARA.

  35. OSS R&A Branch 1090.85; Frank (1963), 31; Statement Given by Eliahu Beth Tzouri [sic] and Eliahu Hakim on Their Examination by the Procurateur General, Nov. 10, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001 1546/43/44G; Frank (1963), 31–32; translation from Hebrew, Nov. 10, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001 1546/43/44G.

  36. Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Nov. 13, 1944, 249.

  37. Stanley to Gort, telegram, Nov. 8, 1944, NA, WO 208/1706; Wavell (1943), 113.

  38. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 10, 1944, NA, CO 733/466/75998/6; memorandum, Arms Searches in Palestine, Nov. 1944, NA, CO 733/466/75998/6.

  39. WM 149 (44), Nov. 13, 1944, NA, CAB 65/44/20.

  40. Cornwallis to Eden, telegram, Nov. 13, 1944, NA, CAB 104/254.

  41. Clayton, memorandum, Nov. 14, 1944.

  42. Smart, minute, Nov. 16, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001.

  43. OSS Report L49926, Nov. 21, 1944, RG 226, NARA; Smart and Clayton, minutes, Nov. 16, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001; Steger to Secretary of State, Washington, D.C., letter, Nov. 9, 1944, RG 59, 867N.00/11–944, NARA.

  44. Churchill for Stanley, note, Nov. 17, 1944, NA, CAB 127/270.

  45. War Cabinet Planning Staff, JP (44) 286, Nov. 15, 1944, NA, CO 733/466/75998/6.

  46. Bennett and M. I. Hamilton, minutes, Nov. 22, 1944, NA, FO 921/154.

  47. Debates, House of Commons, vol. 404, cols. 2242–43, Nov. 17, 1944.

  48. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 20, 1944, NA, FO 921/154.

  49. OSS Report 107581; OSS R&A Report 1090.86; OSS Report L49680; Lev-Ami (1978), 241, 244; Michael J. Cohen (1979), 370; Zionist Review, Nov. 24, 1944; Nov. 22 and 24, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 223, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Bar-Zohar (1968), 76; Brenner (1982), 114; Slutsky (1972), 535–36; DSO Intelligence Summary 28, Feb. 1–29, 1944.

  50. Killearn to Foreign Office, telegram, Nov. 18, 1944, NA, FO 921/154; Minister Resident’s Office to Eden, telegram, Nov. 19, 1944, NA, WO 208/1706; WP (44) 675, Nov. 23, 1944, NA, CAB 66/58/28.

  51. Gort to Stanley, Nov. 21 and 22, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001.

  52. Killearn to Eden, telegrams, both sent on Nov. 23, 1944, NA, FO 141/1001.

  53. WP (44) 678, Nov. 23, 1944, NA, CAB 66/58/28.

  54. WM (44) 155, Nov. 24, 1944, NA, CAB 65/48; WP (44) 678, Nov. 23, 1944, NA, CAB 66/58/28, containing annex 4; Army Council Secretariat ACSB 1198, Nov. 24, 1944, NA, WO 32/10260; Martin to Churchill, note, Nov. 20, 1944, NA, PREM 4/51/11; Stanley to Gort, telegram, Nov. 27, 1944, NA, FO 921/154.

  CHAPTER 10: TEARS OF BEREAVED MOTHERS

  1. WM (44) 155, Nov. 24, 1944, NA, CAB 65/48; E. E. Bridges (cabinet secretary) to Churchill, memorandum, Nov. 29, 1944, NA, CAB 127/270.

  2. Rymer-Jones Papers, 129, 139, 135; WP (44) 678, Nov. 23, 1944, NA, CAB 66/58/28; Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Nov. 25, 1944, 282.

  3. Stanley to Gort, telegram, Nov. 27, 1944, NA, WO 208/1706; General Sir Bernard Paget (commander in chief, MEF), Middle East Forces Review, 1945, NA, WO 169/22881.

  4. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 4, 1944, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151F pt. 1; WP (44) 678, Nov. 23, 1944, NA, CAB 66/58/28; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 30, 1944, NA, AIR 20/4962.

  5. Andrew (2009), 352; Andrew (1986), 489; le Carré (1979), 6–7, 10, 11, 13, 15. Call for the Dead was first published in 1961.

  6. Walton (2008), 438; Liddell Diary, vol. 8, Aug. 25, 1943, 162, NA, KV 4/192; Liddell Diary, vol. 6, Sept. 23, 1942, 791, NA, KV 4/190; Wagner (2010), 44–45.

  7. Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Sept. 7 and 26, Oct. 21, 25, and 26, and Nov. 24, 1944, 30–31, 108, 186, 191, 199, 281; Walton (2008), 438–39, 448; Wagner (2010), 32, 44.

  8. Liddell Diary, vol. 9, Jan. 8, Feb. 22, and March 7, 1944, 88, 216, 256–57, NA, KV 4/193; Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Sept. 7 and 26 and Oct. 23, 1944, 30–31, 108, 191.

  9. Kellar, Visit to the Middle East, 1, 19.

  10. A. J. Kellar, Report on Visit to SIME and CICI Organisations, 10–11, April 1944, NA, KV 4/384; Kellar, Visit to the Middle East, 5, 8–9.

  11. Kellar, Visit to the Middle East, 5, 8–9; Malatzky (1995), 31.

  12. Kellar, Visit to the Middle East, 5, 8–9.

  13. Ibid., 9–10.

  14. Ibid., 10.

  15. Ibid., 13–15.

  16. Eden to Killearn, telegram, Nov. 30, 1944, NA, FO 921/154.

  17. Ibid.; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 28, 1944, NA, CO 733/456 75156/143/43; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Nov. 28, 1944, NA, FO 921/147; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Dec. 1, 1944, NA, AIR 20/4962; OSS Report L49682, Nov. 11, 1944, RG 226, NARA; OSS Report L49680; OSS Report 106212, Dec. 1, 1944, RG 226, NARA; OSS Report 106841, Dec. 12, 1944, RG 226, NARA.

  18. Liddell Diary, vol. 11, Dec. 9, 1944, 320; Wagner (2010), 105; Rymer-Jones Papers, 127.

  19. Gort to Stanley, telegram, Dec. 7, 1944, NA, PREM 4 52/3.

  20. Weizmann to Churchill, message, Dec. 18, 1944, WP (44) 746, NA, CAB 66/59.

  21. Dec. 24, 1944, RG 226, box 32, folder 3, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Monthly Record of Palestine Situation in the Middle East, Jan. 1, 1945, NA, WO 169/19592; Eastwood, minute, Jan. 9, 1945, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J; DSO Intelligence Summary 96, Jan. 14, 1945, NA, WO 169/19758; OSS Report 112479, Jan. 20, 1945, RG 226, NARA; Shaw to Dawe, letter, Dec. 22, 1944, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Dec. 30, 1944, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J.

  22. Lankin (1992), 99–101, 108; Bell (1977), 133; Samuel Katz (1968), 84; Slutsky (1972), 538.

  23. Shaw to Dawe, letter, Dec. 22, 1944; Bauer (1973), 320–24, 327–33; Lev-Ami (1978), 241; Brenner (1982), 126–27.

  24. Bauer (1966), 203; Heller (1995a), 138; Bauer (1973), 329–30; Begin (1977a), 150–51; Frank (1963), 152–53; Lev-Ami (1978), 257; Niv (1975), 4:96–98; Giles to Shaw, letter, April 24, 1945, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J; Slutsky (1972), 539. Kollek put the figure at closer to a thousand in Marton (1994), 100.

  25. OSS Report 117056, Feb. 17, 1945, RG 226, NARA; OSS Report 121721, March 22, 1945; DSO Intelligence Summary 40, Feb. 1–28, 1945, NA, WO 169/19758; Gort to Stanley, March 1, 1945, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J; Meridor (1955), 1–3; Feb. 16, 1945, RG 226, box 32, folder 223, NND867120, Washington CI and TSS Files, NARA; Lev-Ami (1978), 251–52; Slutsky (1972), 538, 540.

  26. DSO Intelligence Summary 94, Dec. 17, 1944, NA, WO 169/15851; PICME Intelligence Summary 20, Dec. 26, 1944, NA, WO 169/15703; OSS Report 113511, Jan. 16, 1945, RG 226, NARA; Lev-Ami (1978), 246; Meridor (1955), 3; OSS Report 121721, March 22, 1945, RG 226, NARA; Begin (1977a), 152.

  27. Eastwood, minute, Jan. 9, 1945, NA, CO 733/457 75156/151J; DSO Intelligence Summary 96, Jan. 14, 1945, and DSO Intelligence Summary 97, Jan. 28, 1945, NA, WO 169/19758.

  28. OSS Report L52732, Jan. 27, 1945, RG 226, NARA; OSS Report 11706, Feb. 17, 1945, RG 226, NARA; DSO Intelligence Summary 40; OSS Report 113511; OSS Report 114279, Feb. 1, 1945, RG 226, NARA; OSS Report 122540, March 21, 1945, RG 226, NARA; DSO Intelligence Summary 97; OSS Report 121721; Giles to Shaw, letter, April 24, 1945.

  29. PICME Intelligence Summary 23, Feb. 6, 1945, NA, WO 169/19592; DSO Inte
lligence Summary 97; Gort to Stanley, telegram, March 1, 1945; OSS Report XL5863, Jan. 27, 1945, RG 226, NARA; DSO Intelligence Summary 40.

  30. Gort to Stanley, telegram, March 1, 1945; Intelligence Summary 8/45 in Giles to Shaw, April 24, 1945.

  31. DSO Intelligence Summary 97; PICME Intelligence Summary 23, NA, WO 169/19592; Gort to Stanley, telegram, Jan. 31, 1945, NA, CO 733/456 75156/143/43; Lev-Ami (1978), 250; Slutsky (1972), 538; OSS Report XL 5863; Bell (1977), 134.

  32. Slutsky (1972), 539; OSS Research and Analysis Branch Field Memorandum 253 (FR-466), June 8, 1945, RG 84, Post Files Cairo, 800 Palestine 150, NARA; Dayan (1976), 57; interview between Giles and Kollek, June 18, 1945, S 25/6202, CZA; PICME Intelligence Summary 28, April 17, 1945, NA, WO 169/19592; OSS R&D Memorandum 253, Cairo, April 1945, RG 84, box 150, NARA; Marlowe (1959), 195.

  33. Marlowe (1959), 195; PICME Intelligence Summary 28; Bauer (1966), 203–4; Bell (1977), 135–36; Niv (1975), 4:116–17; Running Diary of Political Developments in Palestine from Jan. 1, 1945, to Dec. 31, 1945, NA, CO 537/1828; Lev-Ami (1978), 254; OSS Report 136238, June 23, 1945, RG 226, NARA.

  34. Whole of Western Palestine; Berlin (1972), 57, 62; interview with R. H. S. Crossman, Oct. 19, 1958, Monroe Papers; Army Council Secretariat, April 11, 1945, NA, WO 32/10260; Bauer (1973), 328–29, 350; Michael J. Cohen (1988), 172; Wasserstein (1982), 80–82.

  35. Hankey, minute, Oct. 5, 1944; Whole of Western Palestine; Wasserstein (1982), 81–82; Berlin (1972), 58; Chaim Weizmann (1949), 2:438.

  36. Wasserstein (1982), 82; Gilbert (1986), 1047–48; Peter Clarke (2008), 386.

  37. Michael J. Cohen (1988), 172.

  38. Slutsky (1972), 540.

  39. Benjamin (1952), 3; Saidel (2012).

  40. PICME Intelligence Summary 18, app. B, Nov. 28, 1944, NA, FO 921/154; Shamir (1994), 52.

  41. Wasserstein (1982), 78–79; extract from a speech by the Late Lord Moyne in the House of Lords, June 6, 1942, NA, FO 921/154; Bar-Zohar (1968), 71; Esco (1947), 2:1029–30; Teveth (1987), 791–93; Debates, House of Lords, vol. 123, col. 198, June 9, 1942; Peter Clarke (2008), 90–91.