Brotherhood of the Bomb

by Gregg Herken

  see also University of California

  Beta Calutrons

  Bethe, Hans

  and clean bombs

  and Fuchs spy scandal

  at Los Alamos

  and new lab

  plans for missile shield

  as scientist of conscience

  and the Super

  and test ban

  and test-ban talks

  Bevatron

  Bikini atoll

  Birge, Raymond

  loss of physicists

  on Oppenheimer

  and replacement for Oppenheimer

  Bloch, Felix

  Board of Consultants (Acheson-Lilienthal plan)

  Bohemian Grove meeting (1947)

  Bohm, David

  Bohr, Niels

  bomb physics

  seminar (1942)

  bomb project

  army taking over

  at Berkeley

  classified work related to

  and espionage

  fissionable material for

  Los Alamos

  Oppenheimer and

  secrecy regarding

  security concerns

  suspect scientists fired from

  theoretical physicists and

  bomber, nuclear-powered

  Booster (the)

  Borden, William Liscum

  campaign against Oppenheimer

  and Mike test

  and Oppenheimer

  and second nuclear weapons lab

  as security risk

  and Soviet bomb

  and the Super

  boys, the

  at Los Alamos

  new generation of

  see also cyclotroneers

  Bradbury, Norris

  Berkeley faculty appointment

  director, Los Alamos

  and nuclear weapons design

  retired

  and second lab

  and test ban

  and Super

  Bradley, Omar

  Brady, James

  Branigan, William

  Bransten, Louise Rosenberg (Map)

  Bravo (test)

  Breit, Gregory

  Briggs, Lyman

  and Uranium Committee

  British spies

  Brobeck, William

  Browder, Earl

  Brown, Harold

  Brownell, Herbert

  Bush, Vannevar

  approval of Oppenheimer for lab director

  and atomic bomb test

  and bomb project

  and control of atomic energy

  memorandum on atomic energy (1944)

  and NDRC

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  and Oppenheimer reinvestigation

  and OSRD

  and possibility of failure

  and S-1 Project

  security concerns

  and Soviet bomb

  standstill idea

  and the Super

  war effort

  Byrnes, James

  Caltech

  Calutrons

  Contract

  failures

  first full-scale

  increasing number of

  magnetic field

  output of

  prototype

  race to produce bomb material

  review of program

  shutting down

  success of

  Calvert, Horace

  Canada spy scandal

  Cassidy, Mike

  Cavendish Laboratory

  cavity magnetron

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

  centrifuge method

  Chadwick, James

  Chambers, Whittaker

  Chevalier, Barbara Lansburgh

  Chevalier, Haakon

  book on Oppenheimer

  death of

  discussion group meeting at home of

  identified as intermediary

  names of contacts

  novel

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  Oppenheimer’s visit to

  surveillance of

  suspicions of

  Chevalier incident

  deception regarding

  Frank Oppenheimer and

  and Oppenheimer

  Oppenheimer lied about

  Christofilos, Nick

  Christofilos effect

  Chromatics

  Clark, Tom

  clean bomb

  demonstration (proposed)

  Clifford, Clark

  Cockcroft, John

  Cold War

  Cole, Sterling

  Columbia University

  bomb project

  gaseous diffusion project

  Combs, Richard

  Comintern Apparatus (COMRAP)

  Committee for Weapons Development (Los Alamos)

  Committee on Atomic Energy (Pentagon)

  Committee on Atomic Energy Projects (Univ. of Calif.)

  Committee on Postwar Policy (Tolman Committee)

  Communist Infiltration of the Radiation Laboratory (CINRAD)

  Communist Party (U.S.)/Communists

  Berkeley scientists and

  efforts to outlaw

  Frank Oppenheimer’s membership in

  in government

  ideology in spying

  Kitty Oppenheimer and

  members recruited by Soviets

  and motion picture industry

  National Board

  Oppenheimer’s association with

  Weinberg’s membership in

  Compton, Arthur Holly

  and bomb project

  Met Lab

  and Oppenheimer’s security clearance

  and postwar research

  review panel

  and superbomb

  and use of atomic bomb

  Compton, Karl

  Conant, James

  and atomic bomb

  bomb project

  Committee on Atomic Energy (Pentagon)

  and control of atomic energy

  and Fuchs spy scandal

  GAC

  illness

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  and Oppenheimer reinvestigation

  Oppenheimer’s letter to

  and Oppenheimer’s security clearance

  opposed radiological warfare

  and security

  and the Super

  ultimatum to Lawrence

  and use of atomic bomb

  “Conference on the Super”

  Consodine, William

  Contract

  Contract

  Cooksey, Donald

  fired Kamen

  Corps of Engineers

  Cosmotron

  Cotter, Frank

  Cottrell, Frederick

  Research Corporation

  counterintelligence

  Counter-Intelligence Corps (CIC)

  critical mass

  Crocker, William

  Crocker Laboratory

  Crouch, Paul and Sylvia

  Currie, Lauchlin (Page)

  Cutler, Robert

  cyclotron

  funding for

  giant

  medical uses of

  mesons observed on

  phase-stabilized

  possible military use of

  Russian

  security

  transformed into weapon of war

  cyclotroneers (“the boys”)

  exposure to radiation

  at Oak Ridge

  returning to Rad Lab

  see also boys (the)

  “Cylinder, the”

  “Daddy Pocketbook”

  Dallet, Joe

  Davis, Nuell Pharr

  Davis, Russell

  de Hoffmann, Frederic

  de Silva, Peer

  Dean, Gordon

  AEC

  briefing Eisenhower

  cancelled Mark II (MTA)

  information requested on

  and Oppenheimer�
�s security clearance

  and second lab

  and the Super

  and Weinberg case

  Defense Department (Pentagon)

  deuterium

  disarmament panel

  disarmament talks

  disintegration hypothesis

  Dixon-Yates deal

  Dogpatch (Oak Ridge)

  Donkin, McKay

  Donner Laboratory

  Doolittle, James

  Doyle, Bernadette

  DuBridge, Lee

  Dudley, John

  Dulles, John Foster

  and test-ban proposal

  Echo (test)

  Einstein, Albert

  Eisenhower, Dwight

  and case against Oppenheimer

  and nuclear tests

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  plan to share civilian atomic power (Atoms for Peace)

  and proposed moratorium on tests

  and test ban

  electromagnetic separation

  electromagnetic separation plant

  element

  see also neptunium

  element

  see also plutonium

  Eltenton, Dorothea (“Dolly”)

  Eltenton, George

  and espionage

  Oppenheimer and

  Elugelab

  Eninman Island

  Eniwetok

  espionage

  against Manhattan Project

  Oppenheimer suspected of

  proceedings against Americans involved in

  Rad Lab

  scientists and

  talent spotters

  espionage ring in Canada

  Evans, Ward

  Exploratorium

  fallout

  from clean bomb

  debate over

  Family Committee (Los Alamos)

  Fat Man

  Federal Bureau of Investigation, (FBI)

  COMRAP investigation

  dead files

  and espionage

  following Chevalier

  investigation of Frank Oppenheimer

  proceedings against scientists suspected of helping Soviets

  Soviet interest in

  and spies in Manhattan Project

  surveillance

  turf war with army

  and verdict in Oppenheimer hearing

  wiretap on Oppenheimer

  wiretaps

  see also Oppenheimer, FBI and

  Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists, and Technicians (FAECT)

  call for action against

  Federation of Atomic Scientists

  Feldman, David

  Fermi, Enrico

  atomic pile

  FBI questioned about Oppenheimer

  first nuclear reactor

  on GAC

  hydrogen bomb

  at Los Alamos

  moral qualms about H-bomb

  and radiological weapons

  and the Super

  Teller’s friendship with

  at University of Chicago

  and use of atomic bomb

  Feynman, Richard

  Fidler, Harold

  Finletter, Thomas

  Fisk, James

  test-ban talks

  fission

  discovery of

  harvesting energy of, for weapons

  moratorium on publication about

  spontaneous

  fission bomb/weapons

  Soviet interest in

  unorthodox approaches to

  fission trigger

  fissionable material

  denatured

  Fitin, Pavel

  Flanigan, Al

  Folkoff, Issac “Pops” (Uncle)

  Forrestal, James

  Foster, John

  Fox, David

  Franck, James

  Frankel, Stanley

  Friedman, Max

  fired

  and spy hearings

  Fuchs, Klaus (Rest)

  confessed to espionage

  information given to Russians

  and the Super

  treason

  G-2 (military intelligence)

  Counter-Intelligence Group

  Intelligence Section

  Gaither, Rowan

  Gamow, George

  Garrison, Lloyd

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  gaseous diffusion

  gaseous diffusion plants

  General Advisory Committee (GAC)

  and future of Livermore

  Manley resigned from

  Oppenheimer on

  opposition to the Super

  and second lab

  and Soviet bomb

  and the Super

  superbomb report

  and tests

  and weapons chronology

  weapons research

  “Geneva system”

  Geneva test-ban talks

  breakdown in

  George (test)

  preparations for

  success of

  Germany

  discovery of nuclear fission in

  experiments with heavy water

  surrender

  World War II

  Gold, Harry (Gus)

  Gorski, Anatoli (Vadim)

  government (U.S.)

  Communists in

  funding from

  and scientific research

  Gray, Gordon

  Green, Harold

  Greenewalt, Crawford (“Greenie”)

  Griggs, David

  Groves, Leslie

  and army/University of California relationship

  and atomic energy control

  and bomb test

  and Calutrons

  and Canada spy scandal

  and case against Oppenheimer

  commitment to Oppenheimer

  and completion of atomic bomb

  and control of atom bomb

  and control of atomic energy

  counterintelligence campaign

  death of

  and failure of Calutrons

  and HUAC hearings

  and implosion bomb

  interrogation of Oppenheimer

  and Los Alamos spy

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  and Oppenheimer’s clearance

  and Oppenheimer’s identification of contacts

  ordered Kamen fired

  and postwar atomic bombs

  and postwar research

  refusing to cooperate with Hoover

  and report on technical history of Manhattan Project

  and Soviet espionage

  support for Oppenheimer

  and use of atomic bomb

  verdict on new Calutrons

  withholding truth about espionage conspiracy

  gun-type bomb

  H-bomb/hydrogen bomb

  authorization of

  campaign to sabotage

  charge that Oppenheimer delayed

  different designs for

  effects of

  ethical/moral issue

  feasibility of

  multimegaton

  national policy and

  official statements on

  Oppenheimer’s denunciation of

  progress on

  Russians got information on

  separate laboratory dedicated to

  Soviet

  Teller’s proposal for

  tests

  see also Alarm Clock

  “H-bomb Chronology”

  Hamilton, Joseph

  Hanford (reactors)

  plutonium production

  Harrison, George

  Harvard University

  Hawkins, David

  Hayward, John “Chick”

  Hearst, William Randolph

  Hickenlooper, Bourke

  Higinbotham, Willie

  Hiroshima

  Hiss, Alger

  Hitler, Adolf

  Holloway, Marshall

&nbs
p; Hoover, J. Edgar

  Borden’s letter to

  espionage proceedings

  and Fuchs spy scandal

  Groves and

  and loyalty hearings

  and Manhattan Project

  and Oppenheimer case

  and Oppenheimer hearing

  and Oppenheimer’s security clearance/file

  Oppenheimer’s letter to

  reinvestigation of Oppenheimer

  suspicion of scientists

  wiretaps on Oppenheimer

  Hopkins, Harry

  House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

  Hurley, Robert

  Hussein, Saddam

  hydride bomb

  tests

  Ickes, Harold

  implosion

  cylindrical

  linear

  implosion bomb

  implosion crisis

  implosion theory

  inspection system

  agreement on

  Russians and

  Institute for Advanced Study

  intercontinental-range ballistic missile (ICBM)

  Interim Committee

  “Introvert, the”

  isotopes

  Isotron

  Ivanov, Pyotr

  Jackson, Henry

  Japan

  atomic raids against

  surrender

  Jewett, Frank

  Joe-1

  Joe-2

  Joe-4

  Johnson, Edwin

  Johnson, Louis

  Johnson, Lyall

  security at Hanford

  Johnson, Lyndon

  Joint Chiefs of Staff

  and Super

  Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

  Anderson chairman of

  and case against Oppenheimer

  and clean bomb

  meeting on Super

  FBI files

  and Fuchs spy scandal

  hearings

  interview with Teller (1950)

  and loss of documents

  and MTA

  and nuclear weapons

  and removal of Oppenheimer from GAC

  and second lab

  and Soviet bomb

  and the Super

  Joint Orientation Conference

  Joliot-Curie, Frédéric

  Joliot-Curie, Irène

  Juniper (test)

  Justice Department

  Kaiser Wilhelm Institute

  Kamen, Martin

  case against

  fired

  HUAC hearings

  libel suit

  at Oak Ridge

  Kasparov, Gregori (Dar)

  Kenilworth Court incident

  Kennan, George

  Kennedy, John

  Kennedy, Joseph

  Kheifets, Gregori (Kharon)

  Khrushchev, Nikita

  and test ban

  Killian, James

  King, Robert

  Kistiakowsky, George

  Knowland, William

  Konopinski, Emil

  Koon (test)

  Korean War

  Kurchatov, Igor

  Kvasnikov, Leonid

  LA-551 “Prima Facie Proof of the Feasibility of the Super”

  LA-575 “Report of Conference on the Super”

  LA-643 “On the Development of Thermonuclear Bombs”

  LA-1225 “On Heterocatalytic Detonations I”

  Lansdale, John

  and case against Oppenheimer

  counterintelligence campaign

  and HUAC hearings

  informing FBI of Frank Oppenheimer’s involvement

  interrogating Oppenheimer

  and Oppenheimer hearing